Pentanama divaricatum Cass. (Inuleae, Asteraceae), A new Plant Species Record for the Flora of Turkey

This study analyses phylogenetic and morphological relationships regarding the taxonomy of Digitalis sect. Globiflorae. Progesterone 5β-reductase (P5βR) is an important enzyme for cardenolide biosynthesis as well as a novel genetic marker inferring phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships in many plant species. Phylogenetic inference was conducted using the neighbor-joining method and maximum likelihood model on cDNA sequences of highly conserved P5βR (97.0–99.6%) isolated from members of sect. Globiflorae, including Digitalis trojana, D. cariensis, D. lamarckii, D. lanata subsp. lanata, D. ferruginea subsp. ferruginea and D. ferruginea subsp. schischkinii. Our phylogenetic and morphological results largely support Davis’ system of the genus Digitalis in the Flora of Turkey. We propose the existence of four species and three subspecies in sect. Globiflorae for Turkey. Digitalis cariensis is a distinct species endemic to Turkey. In spite of high morphological similarities, D. lamarckii was separated from D. trojana and D. lanata. Digitalis trojana is accepted at the infraspecific rank as D. lanata subsp. trojana. In addition, D. ferruginea is ranked under the two subspecies following Werner’s treatment. Our study presents a new understanding of the speciation patterns of endemic and non-endemic eastern Digitalis species distributed in Anatolia, Turkey, underlying molecular, biogeographical and comparative morphological analyses.

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Ethnobotanical Uses of Roots of Various Plant Species in Turkey

10.5772/intechopen.97418 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Uğur Yıldırım ◽

Ercüment Osman Sarıhan ◽

Khalid Mahmood Khawar

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Plant Species ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Plant Diversity ◽

Mediterranean Region ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Flora Of Turkey ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Textile Dyeing ◽

Ethnobotanical Uses

Turkey has advantage of lying on transection of three climatic zones. Namely Europe-Siberia, Iran- Turan and the Mediterranean region situated between 26 and 45° east longitude and 36–42° north latitude in the Northern hemisphere. The number of plant species subspecies, taxa and varieties in Flora of Turkey is above 12,000. In terms of plant diversity in the temperate zone, it attracts attention with its features that are different from the neighbouring countries around it in Asia, Europe and the Middle East. This has led to the development of many distinct ethno-medicinal-botanical habits among local people; who use different plant parts like roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, herbs, seeds, etc. in their cuisines, natural dyeing, decoration, textile dyeing and medicinal purposes, etc. This study reviews ethnomedicinal and botanic uses of the 196 taxa belonging to 54 families and 113 genera grown in Turkey.

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