scholarly journals Pharmacometabonomics – the novel way to personalized drug therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Maslov ◽  
E.E. Balashova ◽  
P.G. Lokhov ◽  
A.I. Archakov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Direct Mass Spectrometry

The review is devoted to pharmacometabonomics - a new branch of science focused on personalization of drug therapy through the comprehensive analysis of metabolites of patient's biological fluids. It considers the history of pharmacometabonomic, positioning to other “-omic” sciences, and system approach, realized by this science, in determination of individual therapeutic dose of the drugs and also a technical implementation of pharmacometabonomic based on direct mass spectrometry of blood plasma metabolites. Special attention is paid to a comparative analysis of pharmacometabonomics and other main approaches to personalized therapy in the clinic, such as pharmacogenetics and therapeutic drug monitoring. Finally, prospects of pharmacometabonomics applications in clinical practice were also discussed.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Minority Interest Discounts in Estate and Gift Taxation

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Gregg S. Woodruff ◽  
Craig J. Langstraat ◽  
John M. Malloy
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Internal Revenue ◽  
Legal Duty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minority Interests ◽  
Gift Tax ◽  
Minority Interest Discount

One of the most litigated and adjusted areas in taxation has been the determination of the minority interest discount in estate and gift taxation. Valuation disputes arise because the valuation processes for estate and gift taxation are “inherently imprecise,” and the goals of the taxpayer and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) are diametrically opposed. The IRS's vigorous defense of the estate and gift tax base and the taxpayersa' attempts to pay no more tax than is their legal duty have resulted in a history of situations where the taxpayer and the IRS turn to the courts for adjudication. This paper addresses the basis for a minority interest discount, the determination whether ownership interests are in fact minority interests, and the importance of facts and law in the determination of the minority interest discount. A comprehensive analysis of estate and gift tax cases that determined minority interest discounts is used as a basis for planning ideas to maximize these discounts.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASES AND METHODS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT (review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
N. Pytetska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
History Of

QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASES AND METHODS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT (review)N.I. Pytetska Assessment of the quality of life is one of the leading directions in modern medicine and continues to develop intensively, remaining an integral part of comprehensive analysis of new methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This article provides information about the history of the concept "quality of life" and the ambiguity of terminology. Particular attention is paid to the necessity of studying this indicator in patients with chronic veins diseases, the relevance of this direction in the early stages of the disease, as well as medicines able to solve the main tasks of drug therapy, to restore work capacity and, as a result improve the patient's life quality.Key words: quality of life, chronic venous diseases, diosmin. ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНІ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ВЕН ТА МЕТОДИ ЇЇ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ (огляд)Питецька Н.І.Вивчення якості життя є одним із провідних напрямків сучасної медицини й продовжує інтенсивно розвиватись, залишаючись невід'ємною частиною всебічного аналізу нових методів діагностики, лікування і профілактики. У даній статті представлено інформацію про історію виникнення поняття «якість життя», неоднозначність термінології. Особливуувагу приділено необхідності оцінки даного показника у хворих на хронічні захворювання вен, актуальності цього напрямку на ранніх стадіях захворювання, а також  лікарським засобам, які здатні вирішувати основні завдання медикаментозної терапії, відновлювати працездатність і підвищувати якість життя пацієнта.Ключові слова: якість життя, хронічні захворювання вен, діосмін. КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ БОЛЬНЫХ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ВЕН И МЕТОДЫ ЕГО УЛУЧШЕНИЯ (обзор)Питецкая Н.И.Изучение качества жизни является одним из ведущих направлений современной медицины и продолжает интенсивно развиваться, оставаясь неотъемлемой частью всестороннего анализа новых методов диагностики, лечения и профилактики. В данной статье представлена информация об истории возникновения понятия «качество жизни», неоднозначности терминологии. Особое внимание уделено необходимости оценки данного показателя у больных хроническими заболеванияи вен, актуальности этого направления на ранних стадиях заболевания, а также  лекарственным препаратам, которые способны решать основные задачи медикаментозной терапии, восстанавливать трудоспособность и повышать качество жизни пациента.Ключевые слова: качество жизни, хронические заболевания вен, диосмин. 

Inhibitor binding assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Fyhrquist ◽  
I Tikkanen ◽  
C Grönhagen-Riska ◽  
L Hortling ◽  
M Hichens
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitor Binding ◽  
Standard Curve

Abstract We describe a new principle for the determination of enzymes, here applied to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) in human serum. The enzyme inhibitor binding assay is based on specific binding of labeled inhibitor to the active center of the enzyme. Serum (10-15 microL) is incubated with 125I-labeled ACE inhibitor (" 351A ," a p- hydroxybenzamidine derivative of N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L-lysyl-L-proline) at pH 7.0 at 37 degrees C for 2 h in a non-equilibrated system. Inhibitor bound to ACE is separated by adsorption to coated charcoal, the radioactivity remaining in the supernate is counted, and the ACE value is calculated from a standard curve. Sensitivity for ACE in serum is 200 U/L, corresponding to 5.0 ng of ACE purified from human lung. The coefficient of variation was 3.9% within assay, and 6.4% between assays for normal ACE activities. Correlation with a comparison spectrophotometric method (Am J Med 59: 363-372, 1975) for ACE assay was excellent (r = 0.98) in 59 samples from healthy subjects and from patients with various diseases including active sarcoidosis. The novel assay principle presented here is simple and specific, and can be extended to use with various biological fluids and tissues, and to other enzymes as well.

Overview of the Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometry Analytical Methods for Determination of Lamivudine in Biological Fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Xuwang Chen ◽  
Fanlong Bu ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Guiyan Yuan ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Drug

Background: Lamivudine was approved by Food and Drug Administration of the United States for the treatment of both HIV and HBV infection, which has been widely used as monotherapy or a component of combination therapy in clinics in many countries and nationalities. Methods: In this paper, the recent chromatographic and mass spectrometry analytical methods for the determination of lamivudine individually or combination with other drugs simultaneously were presented. These methods were widely applied in pharmacokinetics studies, bioequivalence studies, therapeutic drug monitoring studies, cell and animal experiments. Conclusion: The review paper might provide references for determining lamivudine in biological fluids, the intracorporal process of lamivudine, and the clinical practice by monitoring plasma concentration of lamivudine in the future.

scholarly journals An Overview of Analytical Determination of Diltiazem, Cimetidine, Ranitidine, and Famotidine by UV Spectrophotometry and HPLC Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nighat Shafi ◽  
Farhan Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Huma Naseem ◽  
Nawab Sher ◽  
Arif Zubair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

This review article recapitulates the analytical methods for the quantitative determinations of diltiazem and three H2receptor antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine) by one of the spectroscopic technique (UV spectrophotometery) and separation technique such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The clinical and pharmaceutical analysis of these drugs requires effective analytical procedures for quality control, pharmaceutical dosage formulations, and biological fluids. An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry-related journals has been compiled in its review. A synopsis of reported spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for individual drug is integrated. This appraisal illustrates that majority of the HPLC methods reviewed are based on the quantitative analysis of drugs in biological fluids, and they are appropriate for therapeutic drug monitoring purpose.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plasma Protein Binding on the Therapeutic Monitoring of Antiseizure Medications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Bruno Charlier ◽  
Albino Coglianese ◽  
Federica De Rosa ◽  
Ugo de Grazia ◽  
Francesca Felicia Operto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Epilepsy is a widely diffused neurological disorder including a heterogeneous range of syndromes with different aetiology, severity and prognosis. Pharmacological treatments are based on the use, either in mono- or in polytherapy, of antiseizure medications (ASMs), which act at different synaptic levels, generally modifying the excitatory and/or inhibitory response through different action mechanisms. To reduce the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions, ASMs levels should be closely evaluated in biological fluids performing an appropriate Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM). However, many decisions in TDM are based on the determination of the total drug concentration although measurement of the free fraction, which is not bound to plasma proteins, is becoming of ever-increasing importance since it correlates better with pharmacological and toxicological effects. Aim of this work has been to review methodological aspects concerning the evaluation of the free plasmatic fraction of some ASMs, focusing on the effect and the clinical significance that drug-protein binding has in the case of widely used drugs such as valproic acid, phenytoin, perampanel and carbamazepine. Although several validated methodologies are currently available which are effective in separating and quantifying the different forms of a drug, prospective validation studies are undoubtedly needed to better correlate, in real-world clinical contexts, pharmacokinetic monitoring to clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals M. A. Bulgakov’s Novel “The Master and Margarita”: Publishing and Textual Problems

2015 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Kolysheva
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Master And Margarita ◽  
Master And Margarita

This article is devoted to the textual problems and the history of creation of M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” (based on M. A. Bulgakov’s archive). The main aim of this article is to prove the principles of determination of the novel’s basic text and to illustrate the importance of publishing the manuscript drafts of the novel. On the basis of textual, historical, and biographic researches, the author introduces all the manuscript drafts and the basic text of “The Master and Margarita” (M. A. Bulgakov. The Master and Margarita. Complete Collection of the Manuscript Drafts. The Basic Text: 2 vol., Moscow, the Pashkov House Publ., 2014).

Trace Extraction of Metoprolol from Plasma, Urine and EBC Samples Using Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles Followed by Spectrofluorimetric Determination for Drug Monitoring Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-855
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Tarfiei ◽  
Ahad Bavili Tabrizi ◽  
Abolghasem Jouyban
Keyword(s):  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Tablet ◽  
Β Blockers

Background: Metoprolol is a selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β-blockers). It is widely used for the treatment of hypertension and other related diseases. Metoprolol can be used as a doping agent in sports, thus has been included in the list of forbidden drugs. In Iran, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of β-blockers is an applied procedure in some cases. A therapeutic regimen could be easily managed by the determination of drug levels in biological fluids which is a relatively costly process and requires highly skilled technical staff. Using a simple and low-cost analytical procedure may help to use TDM in routine clinical practice. Methods: A real biological sample was prepared and its pH was adjusted to 3-4, then metoprolol was quickly extracted using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and determined by applying spectrofluorimetry at 340 ± 3 nm after excitation at 283 ± 3 nm. Results: The extraction and determination conditions including, the amount of MIONPs and SDS, pH of the solution, standing time, desorption solvent type and volume were investigated and adjusted. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 6–100 ng/mL for plasma and 5–100 ng/mL for water, urine and exhaled breath condensate samples, respectively. Intra and inter-day precision values for determination of metoprolol in different samples were less than 5.6 % and 6 %, respectively, and accuracy (as a relative error) was better than 5 %. Moreover, standard addition recovery tests were carried out, and the analytical recoveries ranged from 86 % to 113 %. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of metoprolol were found to be in the range of 2.1-3.4 ng/mL and 6.3- 10.2 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The developed method was successfully applied to biological samples taken from a volunteer who was given an oral tablet of 50 mg metoprolol.

A competitive ELISA for the quantitative determination of the novel anti-HIV drug candidate CIGB-210 in biological fluids

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Duarte ◽  
Sheila Chávez ◽  
Yordanka Masforrol ◽  
Samy Puertas ◽  
Taimí Paneque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Anti Hiv
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