Temporal prediction of the arrival point of a moving target

Coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT), a form of temporal prediction, is necessary not only in sports, but in many everyday situations. This review summarizes temporal prediction of a moving target at an arrival point in terms of both task performance and the functional properties of the cerebral cortex during CAT. In terms of CAT task performance, temporal accuracy during a CAT task depends on both the specific task conditions, and individual participant characteristics or conditions that might affect information processing in the cerebral cortex. In terms of the functional properties of the cerebral cortex during CAT, as it is possible to continuously gaze at a moving target to a non-occluded arrival point, participants need only to ascertain its velocity, which relies mainly upon the functional properties of the parietal. However, as it is impossible to continuously gaze at the moving target when the arrival point is occluded, participants need to transfer from processing the visual information gained during the visible section of movement to predicting the target’s movement in the occluded section, which relies mainly upon the functional properties of the premotor. In addition, the premotor mainly contribute toward facilitation of information processing by training in the CAT task. Future establishment of a strategy for accurate temporal prediction of moving targets, informed by further studies in CAT tasks, might allow for more accurate temporal prediction to be made, even without formal training.

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Baseball Players’ Eye Movements and Higher Coincident-Timing Task Performance

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512520905435 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (3) ◽

pp. 571-586

Author(s):

Ikumi Tochikura ◽

Daisuke Sato ◽

Daiki Imoto ◽

Atsuo Nuruki ◽

Koya Yamashiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Processing ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Task Performance ◽

Visual Information ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Visual Information Processing ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Mobile Targets ◽

Timing Task

Previous studies have reported that baseball players have higher than average visual information processing abilities and outstanding motor control. The speed and position of the baseball and the batter are constantly changing, leading skilled players to acquire highly accurate visual information processing and decision-making. This study sought to clarify how movement of the eyes is associated with baseball players’ higher coincident-timing task performance. We recruited 15 right-handed baseball players and 15 age-matched track and field athletes. On a computer-based coincident-timing task, we instructed participants to stop a computer image of a moving target by pressing a button at a designated point. We presented bidirectional moving targets with various velocities, presented in a random order. The targets’ moving angular velocity varied between 100, 83, 71, 63, 56, 50, and 46 deg/s. We conducted 168 repetitions (42 reps × 4 sets) of this coincident-timing task and measured participants’ eye movements during the task using Pupil Centre Corneal Reflection. Mixed-design analysis of variance results revealed participant group effects in favor of baseball players for timing absolute error and low absolute error, as predicted from prior visual processing and decision-making research with baseball players. However, in contrast to prior research, we found significantly shorter smooth-pursuit onset latency in elite baseball players, and there were no significant group differences for saccade onset and offset latencies. This may be explained by the difference in our research paradigm with mobile targets randomly presented at various velocities from the left and right. Our data showed baseball players’ higher than normal simultaneous timing execution for making decisions and movements based on visual information, even under laboratory conditions with randomly moving mobile targets.

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A comparison of bound and unbound audio–visual information processing in the human cerebral cortex

Cognitive Brain Research ◽

10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00067-8 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 129-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Ingrid R Olson ◽

J.Christopher Gatenby ◽

John C Gore

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Information Processing ◽

Visual Information ◽

Visual Information Processing ◽

Human Cerebral Cortex

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Comparative Effects of 19 Stressors on Task Performance: Major Results of the Operator Survey

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193128502900512 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 457-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Dennis Wylie ◽

Robert R. Mackie ◽

Malcolm J. Smith

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Task Performance ◽

Visual Information ◽

Auditory Information ◽

Royal Navy ◽

Air Contamination ◽

Performance Effectiveness ◽

Minor Illness ◽

Auditory Information Processing ◽

Overall Performance

A survey was conducted to determine the opinions of sonar operators concerning the prevalence and judged impact of 19 stressors on various aspects of task performance: vigilance, visual information processing, auditory information processing, reasoning/decision making, perceptual-motor processes, general motivation to perform well, and overall performance effectiveness. The average rank ordering of the stressors by 212 Royal Navy operators with respect to adverse impact on overall effectiveness was as follows (worst listed first) boredom, fatigue, poor display/controls, command pressure, operator overload, poor work station, night watchstanding, heat, noise, lighting problems, minor illness, cold, motion, vibration, motion sickness, air contamination, risky peacetime operations, air pressure, wartime danger. There were differential responses among various subgroups of the operators. Some of the more important details are discussed in this paper.

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Situational Factors Competing for Attention

Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications ◽

10.1027/1864-1105/a000002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 2-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Weiyu Zhang ◽

Se-Hoon Jeong ◽

Martin Fishbein†

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Visual Information ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Sexual Content ◽

Sexually Explicit ◽

Explicit Content ◽

Audio Information

This study investigates how multitasking interacts with levels of sexually explicit content to influence an individual’s ability to recognize TV content. A 2 (multitasking vs. nonmultitasking) by 3 (low, medium, and high sexual content) between-subjects experiment was conducted. The analyses revealed that multitasking not only impaired task performance, but also decreased TV recognition. An inverted-U relationship between degree of sexually explicit content and recognition of TV content was found, but only when subjects were multitasking. In addition, multitasking interfered with subjects’ ability to recognize audio information more than their ability to recognize visual information.

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