Green Finance Key for Sustainable Development of Economy

Green finance is an element of a broader occurrence; from the incorporation of assorted non-financial or ethical concerns onto the financial universe. Generally green finance is taken into account because the resource for green growth which reduces greenhouse emission emissions and air pollutant emissions significantly. Green finance in agriculture, green buildings and other green projects should increase for the economic development of the country. In this paper an effort has been made to explain green financing in a very boarder sense. In present times of technological progress the worldwide economy is undermined from three major challenges: environmental change, vitality limitations and money related emergency. this can be on account of economic improvement conveys alongside itself expenses to the countries within the shape of environmental degradation. Green finance is that the solution for accomplishing contract between the economy and nature. Green finance is taken into account because the monetary help for green development, which decreases ozone depleting substance discharges and air contamination emanations altogether. Green fund in horticulture, green structures, green security and other green activities should increase for the monetary improvement of the state. During this paper an Endeavour has been made to explore the prevailing literature on the green finance and future scope of green finance in India. Green finance is an emerging concept within the field of finance. Because of limitation of public finance for financing the sustainable development and reducing the consequences of temperature change temperature change}, private finance has gained its importance. Green finance which capitalizes the private finance refers to financial support for sustainable development. This study, through secondary information, attempts to debate the necessity, constraint and government initiative for green finance. the aim of this paper is to aware the private investors about their role in sustainability.

Evaluation of WRF-CHIMERE coupled models for the simulation of PM_2.5 in large East African urban conurbations

Urban conurbations of East Africa are affected by harmful levels of air pollution. The paucity of local air quality networks and the absence of capacity to forecast air quality make it difficult to quantify the real level of air pollution in this area. The chemistry-transport model CHIMERE has been coupled with the meteorological model WRF and used to simulate hourly concentrations of Particulate Matter PM2.5 for three East African urban conurbations: Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, Nairobi in Kenya and Kampala in Uganda. Two existing emission inventories were combined to test the performance of CHIMERE as an air quality tool for a target monthly period of 2017 and the results compared against observed data from urban and rural sites. The results show that the model is able to reproduce hourly and daily temporal variability of aerosol concentrations close to observations both in urban and rural environments. CHIMERE’s performance as a tool for managing air quality was also assessed. The analysis demonstrated that despite the absence of high-resolution data and up-to-date biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, the model was able to reproduce 66–99 % of the daily PM2.5 exceedances above the WHO 24-hour mean PM2.5 guideline (25 µg m−3) in the three cities. An analysis of the 24-hour mean levels of PM2.5 was also carried out for 17 constituencies in the vicinity of Nairobi. This showed that 47 % of the constituencies in the area exhibited a low air quality index for PM2.5 in the unhealthy category for human health exposing between 10000 to 30000 people/km2 to harmful levels of air contamination.

Performance Assessment of Green Filtration System with Evaporative Cooling to Improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

This paper focuses on the performance assessment of the green filtration system that incorporated with evaporative cooling that used to enhance indoor air quality. This system was invented in an attempt to thrive in a clean environment that becomes a solution for certain places. Indoor air quality (IAQ) and public health risk related to each other, it is due to the percentage of the city population that stays indoors rather than go outdoors. Indoor air contamination is originated from mixed origins such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and indoor airborne particulate matter (PM). The results show that the green filtration system manages to filter PM and VOCs in the air but not as efficient as modern air filters in the market. Furthermore, the evaporative cooling system possesses a huge deal in energy-saving within hot and arid climatic regions.

The influence of the COVID-19 first wave on the European ecosystem

Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2021, no. 4 (382), pp. 112-133. The results of analytical studies are presented, which show that restrictive measures for reduction of SARS-CoV-2 propagation speed and the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the territory of Western Europe and the Russian Federation have led to a significant reduction of anthropogenic load on the natural environment and a considerable improvement of environmental conditions for the main types of contaminants. At the same time there is a dramatic growth of total ozone in the troposphere during the period of restrictions almost for all studied territories. It is revealed that after finishing the restrictive measures the level of air contamination reached its initial point: by September in Western Europe and by October in the European part of Russia. The calculations demonstrated that poor air quality aggravates the consequences of COVID-19, and a significant contribution is made by the PM2.5 concentration of fine solid particles, which can penetrate deeper into the human lungs and exacerbate the course of respiratory diseases. Keywords: COVID-19, ecology, tropospheric conditions, satellite information, morbidity level and air quality

The influence of the COVID-19 first wave on the European ecosystem

The results of analytical studies are presented, which show that restrictive measures for reduction of SARS-CoV-2 propagation speed and the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the territory of Western Europe and the Russian Federation have led to a significant reduction of anthropogenic load on the natural environment and a considerable improvement of environmental conditions for the main types of contaminants. At the same time there is a dramatic growth of total ozone in the troposphere during the period of restrictions almost for all studied territories. It is revealed that after finishing the restrictive measures the level of air contamination reached its initial point: by September in Western Europe and by October in the European part of Russia. The calculations demonstrated that poor air quality aggravates the consequences of COVID-19, and a significant contribution is made by the PM2.5 concentration of fine solid particles, which can penetrate deeper into the human lungs and exacerbate the course of respiratory diseases. Keywords: COVID-19, ecology, tropospheric conditions, satellite information, morbidity level and air quality

Seasonal Disparity in the Effect of Meteorological Conditions on Air Quality in China Based on Artificial Intelligence

Air contamination is identified with individuals’ wellbeing and furthermore affects the sustainable development of economy and society. This paper gathered the time series data of seven meteorological conditions variables of Beijing city from 1 November 2013 to 31 October 2017 and utilized the generalized regression neural network optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO-GRNN) to explore seasonal disparity in the impacts of mean atmospheric humidity, maximum wind velocity, insolation duration, mean wind velocity and rain precipitation on air quality index (AQI). The results showed that in general, the most significant impacting factor on air quality in Beijing is insolation duration, mean atmospheric humidity, and maximum wind velocity. In spring and autumn, the meteorological diffusion conditions represented by insolation duration and mean atmospheric humidity had a significant effect on air quality. In summer, temperature and wind are the most significant variables influencing air quality in Beijing; the most important reason for air contamination in Beijing in winter is the increase in air humidity and the deterioration of air diffusion condition. This study investigates the seasonal effects of meteorological conditions on air contamination and suggests a new research method for air quality research. In future studies, the impacts of different variables other than meteorological conditions on air quality should be assessed.

Analysis of the Nicolaus Copernicus Airport Activity in Terms of the Flight Operations Impact on Air Pollution

The dynamic development of aviation is associated with many benefits, but also, unfortunately, with negative effects. One of the adverse consequences is the exhaust emissions that have a negative impact on human health. It particularly affects the residents of areas neighboring airports, as airport activity deteriorates local air quality. Using the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System, the activity of the Nicolaus Copernicus Airport was assessed in terms of the flight operations’ contribution to air contamination in the area adjacent to the airport. Emissions from three sources were compared: aircraft, ground support equipment and auxiliary power units. The concentrations of pollutants in inhabited areas located in three different directions in relation to the airport were also estimated. In addition, the effect of distance from the airport on contaminant concentrations was assessed as a function of wind direction. It was noticed that small values of pollutant concentrations, originating from airport activity, appeared within a few kilometers from the airport, even if the prevailing wind direction on a given day was opposite to the analyzed dispersion direction.

Do increased flow rates in displacement ventilation always lead to better results?

Indoor ventilation is essential for a healthy and comfortable living environment. A key issue is to discharge anthropogenic air contamination such as CO $_2$ gas or, of potentially more direct consequence, airborne respiratory droplets. Here, by employing direct numerical simulations, we study mechanical displacement ventilation with a wide range of ventilation rates $Q$ from 0.01 to 0.1 m $^3$ s $^{-1}$ person $^{-1}$ . For this ventilation scheme, a cool lower zone is established beneath a warm upper zone with interface height $h$ , which depends on $Q$ . For weak ventilation, we find the scaling relation $h\sim Q^{3/5}$ , as suggested by Hunt & Linden (Build. Environ., vol. 34, 1999, pp. 707–720). Also, the CO $_{2}$ concentration decreases with $Q$ within this regime. However, for too strong ventilation, the interface height $h$ becomes insensitive to $Q$ , and the ambient averaged CO $_2$ concentration decreases towards the ambient value. At these values of $Q$ , the concentrations of pollutants are very low and so further dilution has little effect. We suggest that such scenarios arise when the vertical kinetic energy associated with the ventilation flow is significant compared with the potential energy of the thermal stratification.

Factors Influencing the Fungal Diversity on Audio–Visual Materials

The biodeterioration of audio–visual materials is a huge problem, as it can cause incalculable losses. To preserve these cultural heritage objects for future generations, it is necessary to determine the main agents of biodeterioration. This study focuses on identifying fungi, both from the air and smears from photographs and cinematographic films that differ in the type of carrier and binder, using high-throughput sequencing approaches. The alpha diversity measures of communities present on all types of carriers were compared, and a significant difference between cellulose acetate and baryta paper was observed. Next, the locality, type of carrier, and audio–visual material seem to affect the structure of fungal communities. Additionally, a link between the occurrence of the most abundant classes and species on audio–visual materials and air contamination in the archives was proven. In both cases, the most abundant classes were Agariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes, and approximately half of the 50 most abundant species detected on the audio–visual materials and in the air were identical.