scholarly journals Evaluation of alloxan on induction of diabetes in albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2748
Author(s):  
Soni . ◽  
A. N. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Group B ◽  
Glucose Estimation ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

Background: Alloxan-induced diabetes model is used as a “study tool” to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease and much more as a “search engine” for antidiabetic compounds with better therapeutic characteristics. It was the first agent used in the category of chemically induced diabetes to create a model of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Other chemicals being streptozocin, dexamethasone, insulin antibodies-induced diabetes.Methods: Albino rats were divided into four groups with ten rats in each group. Alloxan monohydrate 2%, solution which was dissolved in 0.9% of sodium chloride (normal saline) as a diluent and given intraperitoneally to rats and blood glucose estimation made by using glucometer. Total 40 albino rats were taken and divided into 4 groups. 10 rats receiving normal saline were grouped as Group A, 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg as Group B, 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 160 mg/kg as Group C and 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 170 mg/kg as Group D.Results: Highest rate of mortality and alopecia were noted in group D receiving alloxan at a dose of 170 mg/kg whereas highest percentage of fluctuation in fasting blood glucose range was seen in group C receiving alloxan at a dose of 160 mg/kg.Conclusions: Such unpredictable response shows that alloxan is not ideal drug for induction of diabetes in experimental animal. Mortality, fasting blood glucose returning to non-diabetic range and alopecia are the chief drawbacks.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Croton Zabensicus and Vernonia amygdalina Leaves as an Antihyperglycemic Agent in an Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. A. Hassan ◽  
I. Abdulraheem ◽  
H. O. Emun ◽  
D. M. Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Group B ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

Aims: This study was aimed at investigating the antihyperglycemic effect of a combined extract of Vernonia amygdalina and croton zabensicus compare with a hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide. Methodology: Twenty 20 experimental animals were used (albino rats); the rats were divided equally into four groups of five rats each; namely A (control), B (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight), C (synergetic treatment 1000 mg/kg body weight), D (synergetic treatment 500 mg/kg of body weight). Diabetes was induced intraperitoneal using Alloxan Monohydrate to all the animals and their blood glucose rise above 200 mg/dl. Results: It was observed that group B and group C treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight) and synergetic aqueous extract (1000 mg/kg body weight) show significant decrease in the blood glucose level from 451.75 mg/dl to 64.50 mg/dl and 339.50 mg/dl to 182.50 mg/dl respectively compared with group D with 278.25 mg/dl to 194.75 mg/dl. However, a change was also observed in the body weight of the groups; Group A (Normal control) showed a continuous increase in the body weight, Group B, C and D were observed to have decreased in body weight from induction period, but a steady increase was observed as treatment commences. Conclusion: Hence this combined extract can be used as antihyperglycemic; only that it is slower in remediation compared with the glibenclamide; but without side effect, as may be in the case of most standard drug.

Therapeutic effect of tolbutamide in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Relation to beta-cell function

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Else M. Damsgaard ◽  
Ole Faber ◽  
Anders Frøland ◽  
Steffen Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Abstract. The therapeutic effect of tolbutamide (1.5 g daily) in a random sample of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), was studied in a controlled, double-blind cross-over trial of 13 women and 6 men, aged 40–65 years and of 85–155% ideal body weight. The trial comprised C-peptide determinations during a standard carbohydrate rich meal followed by four periods of 3 months in which alternating tolbutamide and placebo were given. From the beginning to the end of the treatment periods fasting blood glucose was reduced from 11.9 ± 1.1 (mean ± sem) to 10.0 ± 0.8 mmol/l (P < 0.025), glycohaemoglobin from 12.8% ± 0.7 to 11.3% ± 0.5 (P < 0.02) with a close correlation between fasting blood glucose and glycohaemoglobin (r = 0.87, P < 0.001). The observations during the first 3 months of study was not included in the calculations. Fasting C-peptide and fasting insulin concentrations were not significantly altered by tolbutamide treatment. The effect of tolbutamide was inversely correlated to the C-peptide response to the standard test meal at the start of the trial (r = 0.76, P < 0.001), so that patients with the most pronounced beta-cell failure had the greatest therapeutical effect. The beta-cell response to the test meal could not identify patients, whose fasting blood glucose would be normalized by tolbutamide treatment.

Glycated Haemoglobin and other Biochemical Parameters in Sudanese Diabetics

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Atabani ◽  
B O Saeed ◽  
E M-A El Mahdi ◽  
M E Adam ◽  
D A Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Fasting levels of glycated haemoglobin, cholesterol and triglycerides were studied in 44 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 31 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 28 healthy Sudanese individuals. Results confirmed previous observations showing correlation of glycated haemoglobin with fasting blood glucose in NIDDM ( r=0·634; P < 0·001), and with cholesterol in IDDM ( r=0·355; P < 0·05). No correlation of glycated haemoglobin with triglycerides was observed in either group of diabetics. A negative correlation was demonstrated between glycated haemoglobin and the duration of diabetes ( r= −0·552; P < 0·01) in IDDM. It seemed that control improved in these patients as their diabetes progressed, probably through self-education.

scholarly journals STUDY OF LIPID PEROXIDE AND LIPID PROFILE IN DIABETES MELLITUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Divya Sinha ◽  
S. R. Padmeodev ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent

The study was designed to find out the correlation between lipid peroxidation, lipoprotein levels to severity and complication of diabetes mellitus. Degree of lipid peroxidation was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) along with lipid profile and blood glucose in diabetes mellitus. It is categorised into insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and diabetes mellitus(DM) with complication. Total 112 known diabetic cases and 52 non-diabetic controls were studied. These cases were grouped as per the concentration of fasting blood glucose level i.e. controlled, poorly controlled, and uncontrolled group. There are significant increase in the lipid peroxide (MDA) and lipid profile except HDL cholesterol which is decreased, has been found in all groups as compared to controls. In NIDDM group lipid peroxidation was markedly increased than IDDM group and it was higher in DM with complications. Other finding observed was that the level of lipid peroxide increased as per the increase in concentration of blood glucose. The increase lipid peroxidation in the hyperglycemic condition may be explained, as the superoxide dismutase enzyme which is antioxidant becomes inactive due the formation of superoxide radical within the cell. Maximum lipid peroxidation leads to the damage of the tissue and organs which results into complication in diabetic cases. High levels of total cholesterol appear due to increased cholesterol synthesis. The triglyceride levels changes according to the glycemic control. The increase may be due to overproduction of VLDL-TG. It is concluded that good metabolic control of hyperglycemia will prevent in alteration in peroxidation and the lipid metabolism, which may help in good prognosis and preventing manifestation of vascular and secondary complication in diabetes mellitus

Oral hypoglycaemics for diabetes: when and which?

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
District Policy ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Market Leader

People with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus should modify their diet, avoid obesity and take regular exercise. An oral hypoglycaemic drug may be needed if these measures fail to control blood glucose, but it is now clear that they commonly cause hypoglycaemia. More than 3 million prescriptions were issued in 1988 for the sulphonylureas (eight currently available) and the biguanide, metformin. Glibenclamide is the market leader (1.4 million prescriptions in 1988), followed by metformin (950,000), chlorpropamide (280,000), tolbutamide (260,000) and gliclazide (200,000). Instituting a district policy to restrict the choice of sulphonylureas can improve care and save money.1 No new oral hypoglycaemics have been marketed since we last reviewed them2 but their place in overall management has been clarified.

scholarly journals Lack of physiological suppression of circulating IGFBP-1 in puberty in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

2002 ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Riihimaa ◽  
M Knip ◽  
A Ruokonen ◽  
P Tapanainen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Free Insulin ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Total Body

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the interaction between serum free insulin, insulin-like binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and leptin concentrations during puberty in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). DESIGN: Adolescent patients with IDDM (n=101, age >9 years, duration >2 years) from the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Pediatrics at Oulu University Hospital, and non-diabetic controls, were recruited to the study. Free insulin, IGFBP-1, leptin and insulin antibody concentrations were measured from a fasting serum sample. RESULTS: Free insulin concentrations were lower in the patients than in the controls (4.3+/-2.3 mU/l compared with 6.5+/-3.1 mU/l, P<0.001), and there was an inverse correlation between free insulin and fasting blood glucose in the boys with diabetes (r=-0.53, P<0.001), whereas a positive correlation was observed between free insulin and leptin concentrations in the girls with diabetes (r=0.30, P=0.020). The IGFBP-1 concentrations were greater in the patients than in the controls (16.5+/-10.6 microg/l compared with 4.0+/-3.3, P<0.001), and they correlated significantly with blood glucose (r=0.63, P<0.001) and free insulin (r=-0.35, P<0.001). No significant difference was observed in the leptin concentrations between the patients and controls overall, despite greater total body fat in the girls with diabetes compared with the control girls. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with IDDM are characterised by morning hypoinsulinaemia and high circulating IGFBP-1 concentrations, which may contribute to insulin resistance and impaired metabolic control during puberty. The mechanism behind the increased total body fat in the postpubertal female patients remains to be determined.

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