scholarly journals Cost variation analysis of oral anti-diabetic agents available in Indian market

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Sanjay Gedam ◽  
Namita Barmaiya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Maximum Price ◽  
Medical Specialities

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze cost variations of oral antidiabetic drugs available in Indian market.Methods: An observational study was carried out using CIMS (current index of medical specialities), (July 2020 to October 2020) and 1 mg.com, where difference in the maximum and minimum price of a particular drug, manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies, in the same strength, number and dosage form was compared and the percentage variation in price was calculated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.Results: The minimum and maximum percentage price variation for different classes of drugs respectively is as follows- in single drug therapy, the price variation between a sulfonylurea group of drugs glibenclamide (5 mg) shows maximum price variation of 400%, while glipizide (2.5 mg) shows variation of 81.8%. In biguanides, thizolidinediones and DPP4 inhibitor groups of drugs, metformin (500 mg), pioglitazone (30 mg) and vildagliptin show maximum price variation of 334.78%, 307 % and 264.6% respectively. In α- glucosidases inhibitor group of drugs voglibose (0.2 mg) shows maximum price variation of 284%. In meglitinides group of drugs, nateglinide (60 mg) shows maximum price variation of 284.6 %. In combination drug therapy, glimepiride and metformin combination (2+500 mg SR) shows the maximum variation up to 352.8%.Conclusions: The percentage cost variation of different brands of the same drug manufactured in India is very wide and the reason behind marketing a drug should be directed towards maximizing the benefit of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.

scholarly journals Comparison of different brands of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants: a cost analysis study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Kiran B. ◽  
Kala P. ◽  
Chitra N. S. ◽  
Jamuna Rani R.
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Maximum Price ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Cost

Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants are structurally distinct drugs prescribed for reducing muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants are manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies with variable price. The present study, aimed to analyze the cost variation of various brands of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants, so as to help the physician to choose the cost effective treatment.Methods: Current index of medical stores (CIMS) April 2018 and online literature were used as information guide to review the prices of drugs used in the treatment of musculo skeletal pain and spastic neurological disorders.Results: Among anti spasmodic group, thiocolchicoside 4 mg shows maximum price variation of 337.5%, whereas carisoprodol 350 mg shows the least variation of 0.1%. It is evident from antispastic group that baclofen 10 mg shows maximum price variation of 93.91% and 5 mg of Baclofen shows the least variation of 11.22%. It is observed that, among anti spastic group, a percentage prize variation of 93.91 for 10 mg and 11.22 for 5 mg baclofen. Largest % prize variation is seen in metaxalone + diclofenac sodium (400+50) mg as 525% and the least variation is observed in tolperisone+ paracetamol (150+325) mg as 3.88%.Conclusions: Centrally acting orally effective skeletal muscle relaxants are commonly prescribed for painful musculoskeletal and spastic neurological disorders. Physicians should give due importance for the cost of the drugs while selecting appropriate drug for musculo skeletal disorders.

scholarly journals Cost variation analysis of antipsychotic drugs available in Indian market: an economic perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Nishita P. Shah ◽  
Aparna S. Chincholkar ◽  
Ranjit J. Wagh ◽  
Waseem A. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Maximum Price

Background: Pricing of drugs plays a very important role in a developing country like India especially in the management of chronic conditions. There exists a huge price variation among the different brands of the same drug. Hence this study was planned to find out variation in prices of antipsychotic drugs marketed in India. The objective was to compare the percentage price variation and cost ratio of various formulations of oral and parenteral antipsychotic drugs available in the Indian market.Methods: Cost of oral and parenteral antipsychotic drugs available in the Indian market manufactured by different companies, in the same strength, number and dosage form was obtained from http://www.medguideindia.com. The percentage price variation and cost ratio of each formulation was calculated.Results: Among the typical group of antipsychotic drugs, Tab Haloperidol 0.25mg shows maximum price variation of 650% and a cost ratio of 7.5 followed by Tab Trifluoperazine 1mg having a price variation of 555.5% and a cost ratio of 6.55. Among the atypical group of drugs, tab Risperidone 3mg shows a price variation of 2282.35% with a cost ratio of 23.82 followed by Tab Risperidone 4mg with a price variation of 1976.92 % and a cost ratio of 20.76.Conclusions: There is a wide variation between the minimum and maximum cost among the different brands of the same drug in the same formulations. Combined efforts are needed from the regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, physicians and pharmacist towards controlling the prices and attaining maximum economic benefits for the patient.

scholarly journals Cost variation analysis of oral anti-diabetic drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1709
Author(s):  
Rekha Mehani ◽  
Parag Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medical Specialities

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and needs lifelong treatment. There are large numbers of oral anti-diabetic drugs available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are numerous brands available for each of the individual oral anti-diabetic drug. Thus, a study was planned to find out cost variation among different brands of same active oral anti-diabetic drug.Methods: Cost of a particular drug being manufactured by different companies, in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from the price list provided by the pharmaceutical companies in Current Index of Medical Specialities (CIMS) (October 2017- January 2018). The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage variation in price was analyzed.Results: Percentage cost variation of the commonly used drugs found was seen highest with Sulfonylureas (Glimepiride - 562%) followed by Metformin (492%) which was followed by Pioglitazone (488%), DPP-4 inhibitor Teneligliptin (231%), α- glucosidase inhibitors (Voglibose 284%), Meglitinides (Repaglinide 0.5mg 154%) and lowest was seen with Repaglinide 2mg (15%).Conclusions: There is very wide cost variation among different brands of the same oral anti-diabetic drugs manufactured in India. The average percentage cost variation of different brands of the same oral anti diabetic drugs manufactured in India is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.

scholarly journals Cost analysis study of oral hypoglycemic agents available in Nepalese market

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Binaya Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and needs lifelong treatment. There is a wide range of variation in the prices of antidiabetic drugs marketed in Nepal. Thus, a study was planned to find out price variations in the oral hypoglycemic drugs available singly and number of manufacturing companies for each, also to evaluate the difference in cost of different brands of same active drug by calculating percentage variation of cost.Methods: Cost of a particular drug being manufactured by different companies, in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from the price list provided by the pharmaceutical companies in Nepal and Indian Drug Review September 2013. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage variation in price was calculated.Results: Percentage price variation of the commonly used drugs found was metformin (500mg) 171.42%, metformin (850mg) 128.42%, metformin (1000mg) 80%, pioglitazone (15mg) 150% pioglitazone (30mg) 188.89%, sitagliptin (50mg) 33.33%, sitagliptin (100mg) 40% acarbose (25mg) 39.58%, acarbose (50mg) 32.60%, gliclazide (80mg) 108%, gliclazide (40mg) 83.33%, glibenclamide (2.5mg) 87%, glibenclamide (5mg), 80%, glimiperide (1mg) 91.67%, glimiperide (2mg) 300%, glimiperide (3mg) 100%, glimiperide (4mg) 36.84%.Conclusion: The average percentage price variation of different brands of the same oral hypoglycemic drugs manufactured in Nepal is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.

scholarly journals Cost variation analysis of parenteral antibiotics in Indian pharmaceutical market

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2535
Author(s):  
Prasan R. Bhandari ◽  
Apeksha Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Price Difference ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Maximum Price ◽  
Minimum Price ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
The Cost

Background: The objective of the present study was to analyse price differences between parenteral antibiotics available in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The study was done in the Department of Pharmacology of S. D. M. College of Medical Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. Latest volume of current index of medical specialties or Indian Drug Review was used to analyze the prices of parenteral antibiotics.Results: Overall, prices of 17 single drug antibiotics available in 37 strengths marketed and 8 fixed-dose combinations available in 16 strength marketed were analyzed. It was observed that the maximum cost variation among the single ingredient parenteral antibiotic was with cefpirome 1000 mg. The price difference being Rs. 283 and the cost variation being 90.7%. The minimum price variation was seen with Ampicillin 100 mg of Rs. 4.3 and the cost variation being 40.2%. Additionally the highest price difference was also seen teicoplanin 400 mg i.e., Rs. 610 and its cost variation being 68.5%. Among the fixed-dose combination (FDC’s) the maximum price variation was observed in the combination of cefoperazone+sulbactum 1000+1000 of Rs. 340. Whereas the cost variation of the same was 212.5 %. The minimum price variation among the FDC’s was of the combination of ceftriaxone 250 mg + tazobactum 31.25 mg Rs. 3.3 and its cost variation being 7.9 %.Conclusions: Pharmacoeconomics facets must be taken into deliberation by healthcare practitioners while prescribing antibiotics to the patients for infectious disease treatment. This will assist compliance, reduce antibiotic resistance and treatment failure.

scholarly journals Cost variation among antiretroviral drugs: pharamcoeconomical prospective

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Dinesh Jiwane ◽  
Arun Kumar Srivastav ◽  
Neelesh Arya ◽  
Mithlesh Mehar
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Main characteristic feature of AIDS includes severe immunosuppression which leads to opportunistic infections which is a main cause of death and requires a lifelong therapy. There exists wide range of cost variation in antiretroviral drugs that are marketed in India. The current study aims to view the existing situation of antiretroviral drugs, by collecting data about the cost of common antiretroviral drugs available either singly or in combination and to evaluate the difference in cost of different brands of same active drug by calculating percentage cost variation.Methods: Data for calculating cost ratio and percentage price variation of various antiretroviral drugs was obtained from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” October 2017-January2018.Results: Zidovudine 100mg shows maximum cost ratio and price variation followed by Lamivudin 100mg in the single drug therapy. Lamivudine 150mg + Zidovudine 300mg shows maximum price variation in combination drug therapy.Conclusions: Indian market shows wide price variation of different brands of the same generic antiretroviral drug. To decrease the wide cost variation among different brands of antiretroviral drugs; it is time to create awareness among healthcare professionals about impact of cost effectiveness of drug regimen and decrease the financial burden on the patients.

scholarly journals Cost variation analysis study of oral anti-depressant drugs available in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Chaithra K. N. ◽  
Laxminarayana Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Maximum Price ◽  
The Cost

Background: Depression is a disorder of major public health importance, in terms of its prevalence and the suffering, dysfunction, morbidity and economic burden. In India, the overall prevalence of depression is reported to be 15.9%. Antidepressant drugs are available in many different brands and costs of all brands are different. Patients of depression have to take the antidepressant drug for a long duration, so cost of the antidepressant drug influence the patient adherence to treatment and it is one of the important part of rational prescription.Methods: The cost of a particular drug being manufactured by different companies in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” July-October, 2015, and “DrugsUpadate.com”. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation was calculated.Results: The prices of a total of 28 drugs (22 single and 6 combination preparations) available in 64 different formulations were analyzed. In single drug therapy, among Tri cyclic antidepressants (TCAs), Reboxetine (2 mg) showed the maximum price variation of 900%. In SSRIs, Dapoxetine (30 mg) showed the maximum price variation of 2360%. In SNRIs, Venlafaxine (75 mg) showed the maximum price variation of 109%. In Atypical antidepressants, Bupropion (150 mg) showed the maximum price variation of 515.38%. In RIMAs, Moclobemide (150 mg) showed the maximum price variation of 246.15% and in combination therapies, Amitriptyline with Chlordiazepoxide showed the maximum price variation of 129.35%.Conclusions: This study shows a wide variation in the prices of oral Anti-depressant drugs available in India. Psychiatrist/ Physician should consider the cost while prescribing antidepressant drugs. India being developing country most of the people belong to poor socioeconomic status, so prescribing same generic drug with low cost reduces economic burden and improves patient adherence to treatment which results in better outcome.

scholarly journals Study of price variation analysis of fluoroquinolones eye drops manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Dinesh Prasad Sinha ◽  
Bhuwaneshwari Sinha ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Akash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
The Cost

Background: Fluoroquinolone eye drops is being prescribed by Opthalmologist in many ocular diseases as conjunctivitis, keratitis, bacterial corneal ulcers etc in more and more amount. There are many brands of fluoroquinolones drugs available in Indian market. Costly drugs can lead to economic burden on patients. Modifications in pharmaceutical policy are required, and prices of the drug should be controlled in effective way for all the drugs. Hence this study was done to assess the cost variation of fluoroquinolones opthalmic solutions available in Indian market.Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug in INR was noted by using CIMS January to April 2020 edition and Drug Today April to June 2020 volume 1. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands was calculated. The cost of each eye drop was calculated. At last the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared.Results: Percentage variation in cost for fluoroquinolones eye preparations marketed in India was found to be Eye drop Ciprofloxacin (0.3%) of 5 ml:210.39, Eye drop Ciprofloxacin (0.3%) of 10 ml:162, Eye drop Gatifloxacin (0.3%) of 5 ml:156, Eye drop Moxifloxacin (0.5%) of 5 ml:196.95, Eye drop Ofloxacin (0.3%) of 5 ml:245.16, Eye drop Ofloxacin (0.3%) of 10 ml:62.5, Eye drop Norfloxacin (0.3%) of 5 ml:120.68, Eye drop Sparfloxacin (0.3%):8.31, Eye drop Lomefloxacin (0.3%):16.17.Conclusions: There is a wide difference in the cost of different brands of fluoroquinolones eye preparations available in India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations in cost to reduce the cost of drug therapy.

scholarly journals Cost variation analysis of oral anti-dyslipidaemic drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Shilpa Jain ◽  
J. L. Marko
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Course ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Medical Specialities

Background: Dyslipidaemia is one of major risk factor contributing to cardiovascular disease, which further causes mortality and morbidity, so requires a long course of treatment. Physicians should be aware of the cost of drugs.Methods: Cost of the oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug, either as single drug or in combination manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in the same strength and dosage form was obtained from current index of medical specialities (CIMS) April-July 2019. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage cost variation per 10 tablets was calculated.Results: In this study, existing findings showed a wide cost variation among different brands of the same oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug. Percentage cost variation for individual oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug was found to be highest with atorvastatin (80 mg film coated (FC) tablet): 358.84% followed by atorvastatin (5 mg FC tablet): 247%, fenofibrate  (200 mg FC tablet): 134.22%, lovastatin (10 mg FC tablet): 108.56%, rosuvastatin (10 mg FC tablet): 78.60%,   while lowest cost variation is seen with rosuvastatin 40 mg FC Tb: 1.598%. Among fixed dose combination therapy percentage cost variation was found to be highest with atorvastatin and fenofibrate (10 mg and 160 mg, FC tablet): 256%, followed by atorvastatin and ezetimibe (10 mg and 10 mg, tablet): 132.39%, while minimum cost variation was for rosuvastatin and fenofibrate (10 mg and 67 mg, tablet): 22.6%.Conclusions: These study findings showed that there is a wide variation in the cost of the same oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug. So, it is very necessary for regulatory authorities to regulate the wide variation in the cost, as well as physicians, should be sensitized to be aware of their cost variations to reduce the economic burden of drug-therapy to the patients. 

scholarly journals Price variation in different brands of anticancer drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market: a cost analysis study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Adwal ◽  
Ruchi Baghel
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cost Variability

Background: Cancer is one of the most expensive and lethal noncommunicable diseases globally. Availability and affordability of anticancer drugs are the most important factors on which management of cancer depends. The objective of the study was to evaluate the variation of cost among different brands of anti-cancer drugs available in the Indian market.Methods: “Current Index of Medical Specialties” July-October 2018 and “Drug Update” Sept - 2018 were used to obtain cost in INR* (Indian National Rupees) of anticancer drugs manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in India, in the same strength and dosage form. Percentage cost variations were calculated by minimum and maximum costs of anticancer drug of different brands.Results: Percentage variation in cost was analyzed for 41 different formulations of 27 anticancer drugs. Highest cost variability seen with Alkylating agent Carboplatin 150 mg injection (1100%) and lowest with Antimetabolite anticancer agent Cytarabine 500 mg injection (6.56%). Three formulations showed more than 500% cost variation, largest with Carboplatin 150 mg injection (1100%) followed by Anastrozole 1 mg tablet (870%) and Letrozole 1 mg tablet (508.42%).Conclusions: Present study finding showed significant cost variation in different brand of many anticancer drugs in India. These results indicated that greater price transparencies required. This price variation issue requires a much more in-depth analysis of the health care system.

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