Fetal transcerebellar diameter and transcerebellar diameter - abdominal circumference ratio as a menstrual age independent parameter for gestational age estimation with grading of cerebellar maturity

Objective: Abdominal circumference measurement is an important parameter for determining fetal growth. Fetal growth will be more accurately assessed if we use tables constructed on our own population. A table of fetal gestational age estimation by abdominal circumference in Bangladeshi population is prepared, so that a quick assessment of its growth can be made.Methods: This study was a prospective, cross-sectional study, conducted on well dated, singleton pregnancies. A table and a graph were prepared after fitting Polynomial regression models.Results: Nomogram for gestational age estimation by abdominal circumference was prepared. 1223 patients were included in the study. Percentiles, mean and standard deviations were derived from the raw data. Polynomial regression model was a good fit to the data. Standard deviations increased with gestational age. In the early second trimester Bangladeshi and western studies were similar but as pregnancy advanced there was variation between the two races.Conclusion: This chart can be useful for Bangladeshi population, by helping in assessment of fetal growth and gestational age by abdominal circumference, especially in the 3rd trimester. This is so, because abdominal circumference is very sensitive to fetal nutritional status. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v26i2.13781 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(2) : 64-67

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Sonographic Correlation of Gestational Age with Fetal Kidney Length

International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1125 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Sandhya Hemraj ◽

Sally M Abraham ◽

US Vinayaka ◽

G Ravichandra ◽

Devdas Acharya

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Age Estimation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

P Value ◽

Fetal Kidney ◽

Fetal Biometry ◽

Kidney Length ◽

Gestational Age Estimation

ABSTRACT Background Gestational age estimation is one of the most important information conveyed by a sonologist when performing an obstetric ultrasound examination. The traditional fetal biometric parameters, such as biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), and abdominal circumference become increasingly unreliable for accurate gestational age estimation with advancing pregnancy, especially in 3rd trimester. This study was conducted to assess the role of fetal kidney length (KL) as an alternate parameter to assess gestational age in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Aim To assess relationship between sonographic gestational age and fetal KL between 18 and 39 weeks of gestation. Settings and design Prospective, cross-sectional, single operator study conducted over a period of 1 year in a medical college hospital. Materials and methods Three hundred singleton pregnant women between 18 and 39 weeks of gestation were subjected to antenatal ultrasound. In addition to routine fetal biometry, measurements of fetal KL were made by noting distance between upper and lower poles of each kidney on a sagittal section of the fetal abdomen. The right and left KLs were averaged to obtain a single value for the purpose of statistical analysis. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis is done using SAS 9.2, SPSS 15.0, Stata 10.1, Med Calc 9.0.1, Systat 12.0, and R environment version 2.11.1. Fetal KL was expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Linear regression analysis was used to establish a relationship between sonographic gestational age in weeks and fetal KL. Level of significance was expressed as p value. Results A strong statistical correlation was found between sonographic gestational age and fetal KL. Nomograms and growth curves were constructed to correlate gestational age with fetal KL. Conclusion Fetal KL measurements can be used as alternate method of estimating gestational age in women with uncertain last menstrual periods (LMPs) and presenting late in the gestation for safe confinement. In fetal macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, short-limb dysplasias, and when fetal head is engaged, these measurements are valuable alternate parameters to assess gestational age since they are simple, not time-consuming, easy to identify, and measure. How to cite this article Hemraj S, Abraham SM, Acharya D, Ravichandra G, Vinayaka US. Sonographic Correlation of Gestational Age with Fetal Kidney Length. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(2):37-41.

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Fetal Transcerebellar Diameter/ Abdominal Circumference Ratio as a Gestational Age Independent Parameter for Fetal Growth

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v9i2.11770 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 79-82

Author(s):

A Jha ◽

B Joshi ◽

S Pradhan

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Independent Parameter ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Biparietal Diameter ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Independent

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of trans-cerebellar diameter / abdominal circumference (TCD/AC) ratio to assess fetal growth. The ratio of TCD with head circumference (HC) and biparietal diameter (BPD) was also determined. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study involving 442 women with uncomplicated singleton gestation between 15-40 weeks. Protocol included obtaining the BPD, HC, TCD and AC in conventional planes and obtaining ratio of TCD with other biometric parameters.Results: We were able to visualize the cerebellum in about 93% of scans. The TCD/ AC ratio remained nearly constant throughout gestational age and was 0.138. The mean TCD/HC ratio was 0.124 and mean TCD/BPD ratio was 0.476.Conclusions: TCD/HC and TCD/BPD ratio showed a small increase towards the completion of gestation while TCD/AC ratio remained nearly constant throughout gestational age. TCD/AC ratio is reliable as a gestational age independent parameter of fetal growth.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11770

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Efficacy of transverse cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio: a gestational age independent parameter in assessing fetal growth restriction

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175835 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Saritha Chinnappan ◽

Malarvizhi Loganathan

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Independent Parameter ◽

Age Related ◽

Biometric Parameter ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Independent

Background: It is important to identify fetal growth restriction (FGR) antenatally because it is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is difficulty in diagnosis of fetal growth restriction using standard ultrasonographic parameters as they are gestational age related and are not reliable in cases of symmetrical growth restriction. Therefore, there is a need for gestational age independent biometric parameter, which can diagnose fetal growth restriction in unknown gestational age and can diagnose both symmetric and asymmetric fetal growth restriction. In this study transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD)/abdominal circumference (AC) ratio used to diagnose fetal growth restriction. Objectives of the study were to evaluate the validity of TCD/AC ratio in diagnosing fetal growth restriction and to find out the cut-off value of TCD/AC ratio for diagnosis of fetal growth restriction.Methods: This study was carried out for 12 months and sample size was 100. Transverse cerebellar diameter, abdominal circumference measured between 20-22wks and 32-34weeks of gestation and transverse cerebellar diameter and abdominal circumference ratio calculated.Results: TCD/AC ratio was fairly constant throughout the pregnancy. Fetuses with TCD/AC ratio more than 2SD of the mean were found growth restricted on examination. The TCD/AC ratio more accurate in diagnosing fetal growth restriction (FGR).Conclusions: As the TCD/AC ratio is constant, it is a gestational age - independent parameter, can diagnose FGR in antenatal women with unknown gestational age. Hence, TCD/AC ratio can be a screening test to diagnose FGR in the antenatal period.

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Postnatal gestational age estimation using newborn screening blood spots: a proposed validation protocol

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000365 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. e000365 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Malia S Q Murphy ◽

Steven Hawken ◽

Katherine M Atkinson ◽

Jennifer Milburn ◽

Jesmin Pervin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newborn Screening ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Age Estimation ◽

Blood Spots ◽

Gestational Age Estimation

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External validation of postnatal gestational age estimation using newborn metabolic profiles in Matlab, Bangladesh

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.42627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Malia SQ Murphy ◽

Steven Hawken ◽

Wei Cheng ◽

Lindsay A Wilson ◽

Monica Lamoureux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Age Estimation ◽

External Validation ◽

Population Level ◽

Average Deviation ◽

Term Infants ◽

Data Set ◽

Heel Prick ◽

Gestational Age Estimation

This study sought to evaluate the performance of metabolic gestational age estimation models developed in Ontario, Canada in infants born in Bangladesh. Cord and heel prick blood spots were collected in Bangladesh and analyzed at a newborn screening facility in Ottawa, Canada. Algorithm-derived estimates of gestational age and preterm birth were compared to ultrasound-validated estimates. 1036 cord blood and 487 heel prick samples were collected from 1069 unique newborns. The majority of samples (93.2% of heel prick and 89.9% of cord blood) were collected from term infants. When applied to heel prick data, algorithms correctly estimated gestational age to within an average deviation of 1 week overall (root mean square error = 1.07 weeks). Metabolic gestational age estimation provides accurate population-level estimates of gestational age in this data set. Models were effective on data obtained from both heel prick and cord blood, the latter being a more feasible option in low-resource settings.

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Sonographic Correlation Between Distal Femoral Epiphysis Ossification Centre And Gestational Age From 28 Weeks To 40 Weeks In Population Of Faisalabad City

Asian Journal of Allied Health Sciences (AJAHS) ◽

10.52229/ajahs.v4i4.387 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

OJS Admin

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Age Estimation ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Perinatal Morbidity ◽

Ossification Centre ◽

Age Assessment ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Biparietal Diameter ◽

Distal Femoral Epiphysis ◽

Ossification Centers

Gestational age assessment is one of the most important tool used for estimation of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Age estimation of fetus can be recorded with the help of various parameters such as biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, head circumference, length of the kidneys, crown rump length, length of the long bones and ossification centers.

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