scholarly journals A case report on congenital rubella syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
M. Kanagadurga
Keyword(s):  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Pedal Edema ◽  
Bone Anomalies ◽  
Rule Out

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a rare illness in infants that result from maternal infection with rubella virus during pregnancy. The case reported is a primigravida at 37.3 weeks of gestation with the complaints of headache, decreased urine output, bilateral pedal edema, puffiness of face and mild hydromnios suggesting pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The previous data showed that the fetus had bone anomalies. Controversially the mother had rubella immune before 12 weeks of pregnancy but the report of nuchal translucency (NT) scan taken during 12 weeks of pregnancy was normal. On history mother denied any evidence of rubella infection during or recently before pregnancy which shows it was asymptomatic. She was treated for PIH. By lower segment caesarean section (LSCS), she delivered an alive boy baby who was acrocyanotic and had deformity in all long bones and enlarged liver. Placenta was found to be abnormal. The baby was under observation and the investigation confirmed CRS. Baby had bradycardia and was intubated on following days and found baby’s vocal cord shape was abnormal. Baby had seizures and could not tolerate weaning from ventilator. Before further investigations, the baby was discharged against medical advice. Though very rare, CRS was found to have many consequences to the fetus. Hence it is significant to rule out rubella infection for mother during or recently before pregnancy as a part of routine antenatal checkup as many of them are asymptomatic. All women should be insisted about getting vaccination for rubella minimum 28 days before planning for conception and should be abandoned for those who were already pregnant.

scholarly journals Rubella infection in pregnancy and congenital rubella in United Kingdom, 2003 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoaneta Bukasa ◽  
Helen Campbell ◽  
Kevin Brown ◽  
Helen Bedford ◽  
Mary Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
In Pregnancy

Rubella vaccination has been included in the United Kingdom’s (UK) routine childhood schedule for nearly 30 years. The UK achieved World Health Organization (WHO) elimination status in 2016 and acute rubella infections are rare. In the period 2003–16, 31 rubella infections in pregnancy (0.23 per 100,000 pregnancies) were identified through routine surveillance, of which 26 were in women who were born abroad. Five of the 31 rubella infections led to congenital rubella syndrome in the infant and three had confirmed congenital rubella infection without congenital rubella syndrome. An additional seven babies were identified with congenital rubella syndrome, although rubella infection in pregnancy had not been reported. Place of birth was known for six of these seven mothers, all of whom were born outside the UK, and in five cases maternal infection was acquired abroad. WHO Europe has set targets for measles and rubella elimination and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome by 2015. Vaccination uptake and rubella immunity is high in the UK population and most infections in pregnancy since 2003 were acquired abroad and in unvaccinated women. Every contact with a health professional should be used to check that women are fully immunised according to UK schedule.

scholarly journals Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella infection in São Paulo

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Suely Pires Curti ◽  
Cristina Adelaide Figueiredo ◽  
Maria Isabel de Oliveira ◽  
Joelma Queiroz Andrade ◽  
Marcelo Zugaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Objective: rubella during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Samples collected from pregnant women with symptoms and suspected of congenital rubella infection between 1996 and 2008 were analyzed. Methods: a total of 23 amniotic fluid samples, 16 fetal blood samples, 1 product of conception and 1 placenta were analyzed by serology and RT-PCR. Results: all patients presented positive serology for IgG / IgM antibodies to rubella virus. Among neonates, 16 were IgG-positive, 9 were IgM-positive and 4 were negative for both antibodies. Of the 25 samples analyzed in this study, 24 were positive by RT-PCR. Changes in ultrasound were found in 15 (60%) of 25 fetuses infected with rubella virus. Fetal death and miscarriage were reported in 10 (40%) of the 25 cases analyzed. The rubella virus was amplified by PCR in all fetuses with abnormal ultrasound compatible with rubella. Fetal death and abortion were reported in 10 of 25 cases analyzed. Conclusion: this study, based on primary maternal rubella infection definitely confirms the good sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR using amniotic fluid and ultrasound. The results showed that molecular assays are important tools in the early diagnosis of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.

scholarly journals Rubella Virus Infection, the Congenital Rubella Syndrome, and the Link to Autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Mawson ◽  
Ashley M. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Background Rate ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Rubella is a systemic virus infection that is usually mild. It can, however, cause severe birth defects known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) when infection occurs early in pregnancy. As many as 8%–13% of children with CRS developed autism during the rubella epidemic of the 1960s compared to the background rate of about 1 new case per 5000 children. Rubella infection and CRS are now rare in the U.S. and in Europe due to widespread vaccination. However, autism rates have risen dramatically in recent decades to about 3% of children today, with many cases appearing after a period of normal development (‘regressive autism’). Evidence is reviewed here suggesting that the signs and symptoms of rubella may be due to alterations in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin A (retinoids), precipitated by the acute phase of the infection. The infection causes mild liver dysfunction and the spillage of stored vitamin A compounds into the circulation, resulting in an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis A. Given that vitamin A is a known teratogen, it is suggested that rubella infection occurring in the early weeks of pregnancy causes CRS through maternal liver dysfunction and exposure of the developing fetus to excessive vitamin A. On this view, the multiple manifestations of CRS and associated autism represent endogenous forms of hypervitaminosis A. It is further proposed that regressive autism results primarily from post-natal influences of a liver-damaging nature and exposure to excess vitamin A, inducing CRS-like features as a function of vitamin A toxicity, but without the associated dysmorphogenesis. A number of environmental factors are discussed that may plausibly be candidates for this role, and suggestions are offered for testing the model. The model also suggests a number of measures that may be effective both in reducing the risk of fetal CRS in women who acquire rubella in their first trimester and in reversing or minimizing regressive autism among children in whom the diagnosis is suspected or confirmed.

scholarly journals Preventing congenital rubella infection in the European Region of WHO: 2010 target

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Spika ◽  
F X Hanon ◽  
S Wassilak ◽  
R G Pebody ◽  
N Emiroglu
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Office for Europe has recently published a strategic plan and surveillance guidelines for measles and congenital rubella infection. The strategy prioritises measles control activities but encourages the introduction of rubella vaccine when measles vaccine coverage has reached >90 %; although, many western European countries with suboptimal measles vaccine coverage are already using the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Women in these countries may have an especially high risk of having an infant with congenital rubella syndrome. WHO is seeking to improve the surveillance for rubella and congenital rubella syndrome as a means to obtain better information on the burden of these diseases and engage policy decision makers in the need to support the WHO European Region's strategies for rubella.

scholarly journals Anti-Rubella IgM status in antenatal checkup visiting women

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
KP KC ◽  
S Malla ◽  
P Ghimire ◽  
SP Khanal ◽  
SP Dumre
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Health Research Council ◽  
Adult Immunization ◽  
Standard Operating Protocol

Background: Rubella is a viral infection. Congenital rubella syndrome is the most serious consequences of rubella which has been observed in pregnant women. This study has been done to reveal the association of rubella infection in women. Methods: The serum specimens were collected from women during their regular antenatal check up, in, was included in the study. Specimens were tested at NPHL every week following standard operating protocol of NPHL utilizing Human ELISA (German) kits and reagents. The results of the tests along with the clinical histories collected from the patient on a proforma file carried by the patients were analyzed following standard statistical tools. Results: During the three years study period, 320 serum samples were collected in 2006, 372 in 2007 and 400 in 2008, out of which 38 (11.87%), 72 (19.35%) and 49 (12.25%) of the women visiting NPHL during their antenatal checkup were found positive to anti-rubella IgM antibody respectively, indicating recent infection. Almost above 80% of the positive cases were from age group 20-30 years. Conclusions: The study showed the significant association of recent rubella infection in women which emphasizes requirement of adolescent or adult immunization with rubella vaccine at the earliest. Key words: anti-rubella IgM; congenital rubella syndrome; pregnant women; rubella. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3010 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 76-79

scholarly journals Therapeutic abortions following rubella infection in pregnancy: the potential impact on the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome.

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Serdula ◽  
J S Marks ◽  
K L Herrmann ◽  
W A Orenstein ◽  
A D Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals First cases of rubella infection during pregnancy detected by new reporting system in Italy

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Ciofi Degli Atti ◽  
A Filia ◽  
R Verteramo ◽  
S Iannazzo ◽  
F Curtale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella

On 1 January 2005, rubella infection during pregnancy and congenital rubella syndrome/infection were made statutorily notifiable in Italy, as recommended by the national plan for the elimination of measles and congenital rubella

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