scholarly journals Effects of community-based interventions on exclusive breastfeeding among lactating women: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4550
Author(s):  
Harshita Misra ◽  
C. Shivani ◽  
Barkha Sirwani ◽  
Ritu Rana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

Improvement in the exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates until 6 months have been proved to be a major contributor in the improvement of child survival over last two decades because EBF provides optimal nutrition for early life. However, most of the low-income countries (LIC) and low-middle income countries (LMIC) are below the 90% benchmark set by World Health Organization. Evidence regarding CBIs for EBF among lactating women with infants <6 m was searched in PubMed and Cochrane library. Studies from LICs and LMICs that reported EBF until 6 months as outcomes were included and their results were analysed. Data extraction included characteristics of the studies and full summary that involved the effect of interventions on the outcomes. Of 5,530 studies initially identified, 25 studies were included for the systematic review. The interventions were community-based that focused on breastfeeding practices among lactating women with infants <6 m. The studies were geographically diverse-involved LICs (n=7) and LMICs (n=11). The population ranged from n=12 to 26,262. Of 25 studies, five types of interventions reported- counselling interventions (n=14), training to peer counsellors (n=2), mass media interventions (n=5), mobile phone Interventions (n=1), and EBF promotion and education (n=3). CBIs could substantially increase the rates of EBF. The review identified five types of CBIs, indicating that there are different ways through which high EBF rates could be achieved. Counselling intervention was more effective but other interventions have also shown significant results in improving BF practices.

scholarly journals Community-based interventions for childhood asthma using comprehensive approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Chan ◽  
Melinda Gray ◽  
Christine Burns ◽  
Louisa Owens ◽  
Susan Woolfenden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based

Abstract Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive community-based interventions with ≥ 2 components in improving asthma outcomes in children. Methods A systematic search of Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cochrane Library and hand search of reference collections were conducted to identify any research articles published in English between 2000 and 2019. All studies reporting community-based asthma interventions with ≥ 2 components (e.g., asthma self-management education, home environmental assessment or care coordination etc.) for children aged ≤ 18 years were included. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects model to estimate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of the 2352 studies identified, 21 studies were included in the final analysis: 19 pre-post interventions, one randomised controlled trial (RCT) and one retrospective study. Comprehensive asthma programs with multicomponent interventions were associated with significant reduction in asthma-related Emergency Department (ED) visits (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.20–0.35), hospitalizations (OR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.15–0.38), number of days (mean difference = − 2.58; 95% CI − 3.00 to − 2.17) and nights with asthma symptoms (mean difference = − 2.14; 95% CI − 2.94 to − 1.34), use of short-acting asthma medications/bronchodilators (BD) (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.16–0.51), and increase use of asthma action plan (AAP) (OR = 8.87; 95% CI 3.85–20.45). Conclusion Community-based asthma care using more comprehensive approaches may improve childhood asthma management and reduce asthma related health care utilization.

scholarly journals Community-based interventions for preventing COVID-19 transmission in low- and middle-income countries:  A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Master R.O. Chisale ◽  
Sheena Ramazanu ◽  
Joseph Tsung-Shu Wu ◽  
Frank W. Sinyiza ◽  
Thokozani Bvumbwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background World Health Organisation (WHO) has approved and recommended several public health measures to halt the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The implementation of recommended interventions vary between higher income and Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The economical constraints within LMICs posed challenges in accessing resources for COVID-19 prevention. The study aimed to identify the workable community-based interventions being utilised in LMICs.Main body We applied systematic review approach for this study. Included articles were searched in eight online databases. The analysis was guided by the acceptable of best practice developed by the PROSPERO and COCHRANE for systematic search and selection of articles using pre-defined search terms. Furthermore, a PRISMA flow diagram was used to show the number of articles retrieved, retained, excluded with rationales given for every action. Studies conducted on community-based intervention for preventing COVID-19 and levels of knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) on community-based intervention for preventing COVID-19 regardless of the design were included. A mixed method appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to appraise studies.Six studies from LMICs were included for detail analysis after the systematic review screening process from 10,100 articles. The quality assessment using MMAT tool appraised these articles were all in highest quality. Among the six articles, 10 community-based interventions were implemented in LMICs. The three key workable and implemented interventions are: use of masks, social distance and hand wash. The review identified varying levels of KAP between LMICs and social-demographical factors affecting KAP in these settings.Conclusion This systematic review has identified the community-based interventions implemented in LMICs to prevent COVID-19 during the pandemic and key factors affecting the level of KAP among the population. This study re-affirms the importance of effective and suitable implementation of the identified interventions. More studies need to be conducted in LMICs to establish the effectiveness and adoption of the implemented and recommended interventions.

scholarly journals Oral Health Status among Migrants from Middle- and Low-Income Countries to Europe: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12203
Author(s):  
Dorina Lauritano ◽  
Giulia Moreo ◽  
Francesco Carinci ◽  
Vincenzo Campanella ◽  
Fedora Della Della Vella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Caries Experience

Introduction. Economic inequality, political instability and globalization have contributed to the constant growth of the migration phenomenon in recent years. In particular, a total of 4.2 million people migrated to Europe during 2019 and most of them settled in Germany, France and Italy. Objectives. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies analyzing the oral health condition among migrants from middle- and low-income countries to Europe and assessing the eventual association between their sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and oral health status. Materials and Methods. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Science Direct databases. After titles, abstracts and full-text examination, only 27 articles were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria and consequently included for quality assessments and data extraction. Results. Most of the studies reported a higher prevalence of caries experience, a poorer periodontal health and more difficulties in accessing dentalcare services among migrant groups compared with the non-migrant population. Inequalities were mostly associated with ethnic background, economic condition and social grade. Conclusion. Our review demonstrates the lack of dental health among migrants, underlining that their cultural beliefs and their social and economic living conditions could influence their oral health.

scholarly journals Community based programs to improve the oral health of Australian Indigenous adolescents: A systematic review and recommendations to guide future strategies.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Gwynn ◽  
John Skinner ◽  
Yvonne Dimitropoulos ◽  
Angela Masoe ◽  
Boe Rambaldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

Abstract Background To review the international literature on community-based interventions aiming to improve the oral health of Indigenous adolescents and identify which demonstrate a positive impact. Methods Data sources were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, the COCHRANE library and the Australian Indigenous Health Info Net. Articles were included where they: were published in English from 1990 onwards; described oral health outcomes for Indigenous adolescents aged 10 to 19 years; implemented a community based oral health intervention. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project was applied. Results Nine studies met inclusion criteria; two rated strong in quality; only one study was conducted with an urban community; five reported moderate community engagement. Five intervention strategies were identified, and schools were the most common setting reported. Statistically significant improvements were described in eight studies with the most frequently reported outcome being change in decayed missing or filled teeth. Conclusions Few good quality peer reviewed international studies of community-based oral health interventions which address the needs of Indigenous adolescents exist. Studies must include strong Indigenous community leadership and governance at all stages of the research, adopt participatory action-based research approaches, and are required in urban communities. Registration The PRISMA checklist of items to include when reporting a systematic review were followed and this review was registered with the PROSPERO register (number: CRD42018084673).

scholarly journals Community based programs to improve the oral health of Australian Indigenous adolescents: A systematic review and recommendations to guide future strategies.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Gwynn ◽  
John Skinner ◽  
Yvonne Dimitropoulos ◽  
Angela Masoe ◽  
Boe Rambaldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

Abstract Background To review the international literature on community-based interventions aiming to improve the oral health of Indigenous adolescents and identify which demonstrate a positive impact.Methods Data sources were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, the COCHRANE library and the Australian Indigenous Health Info Net. Articles were included where they: were published in English from 1990 onwards; described oral health outcomes for Indigenous adolescents aged 10 to 19 years; implemented a community based oral health intervention. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project was applied.Results Nine studies met inclusion criteria; two rated strong in quality; only one study was conducted with an urban community; five reported moderate community engagement. Five intervention strategies were identified, and schools were the most common setting reported. Statistically significant improvements were described in eight studies with the most frequently reported outcome being change in decayed missing or filled teeth.Conclusions Few good quality peer reviewed international studies of community-based oral health interventions which address the needs of Indigenous adolescents exist. Studies must include strong Indigenous community leadership and governance at all stages of the research, adopt participatory action-based research approaches, and are required in urban communities.Registration The PRISMA checklist of items to include when reporting a systematic review were followed and this review was registered with the PROSPERO register (number: CRD42018084673).

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Reinfection in People Who Inject Drugs in Resource-Limited Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4951
Author(s):  
Abbe Muller ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Matthew J. Akiyama ◽  
Ann Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Low Income ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Reinfection Rate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Hepatitis C (HCV) is a global pandemic. The World Health Organization has developed a strategic plan for HCV elimination that focuses on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-risk populations, including people who inject drugs (PWID). While direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies are highly effective at eliminating HCV infections and have few side effects, medical professionals and policymakers remain concerned about the risk of reinfection among PWID. This study is a systematic review of research measuring the rate of HCV reinfection among PWID in LMICs and identifies additional areas for further research. A systematic search strategy was used to identify studies documenting HCV reinfection after sustained virologic response in PWID in LMICs. We refined results to include studies where at least 50% of participants had DAA treatment for primary HCV infection. Pooled reinfection rate was calculated across all studies. Seven studies met eligibility criteria. Most studies were conducted in six upper middle-income countries (Mexico, Romania, Russia, Taiwan, Georgi, and Brazil) and one lower middle-income country (Bangladesh) with a total of 7665 participants. No study included information from PWID in low-income countries. Sample sizes ranged from 200 to 3004 individuals, with demographic data missing for most participants. Four studies used deep gene sequencing, and reflex genotyping procedures to differentiate reinfection (infection by a different HCV genotype/subtype) from virologic relapse (infection by the same strain). The follow-up time of people cured from primary chronic HCV infection ranged from 12 weeks to 6.6 years. The pooled reinfection rate of all seven studies was 2.8 (range: 0.02 to 10.5) cases per 100 person-years (PY). In the five studies that differentiated relapse from reinfection, the incidence of reinfection was 1.0 per 100 PY. To date, research on reinfection rates among PWID in LMICs remains limited. Research focused on PWID in low-income countries is particularly needed to inform clinical decision making and evidence-based programs. While rates of reinfection among PWID who complete DAA treatment in upper and lower middle-income countries were similar or lower than rates observed in PWID in high-income countries, the rates were highly variable and factors may influence the accuracy of these measurements. This systematic review identifies several areas for continued research. Policies concerning access to HCV testing and treatment should be comprehensive and not place restrictions on PWID in these settings.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation guidelines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Daccache ◽  
Rana Rizk ◽  
Jalal Dahham ◽  
Silvia M. A. A. Evers ◽  
Mickael Hiligsmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objectives To systematically identify the latest versions of official economic evaluation guidelines (EEGs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and explore similarities and differences in their content. Methods We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, EconLit, Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Library, and the gray literature. Using a predefined checklist, we extracted the key features of economic evaluation and the general characteristics of EEGs. We conducted a comparative analysis, including a summary of similarities and differences across EEGs. Results Thirteen EEGs were identified, three pertaining to lower-middle-income countries (Bhutan, Egypt, and Indonesia), nine to upper-middle-income countries (Brazil, China, Colombia, Cuba, Malaysia, Mexico, Russian Federation, South Africa, and Thailand), in addition to Mercosur, and none to low-income countries. The majority (n = 12) considered cost–utility analysis and health-related quality-of-life outcome. Half of the EEGs recommended the societal perspective, whereas the other half recommended the healthcare perspective. Equity considerations were required in ten EEGs. Most EEGs (n = 11) required the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and recommended sensitivity analysis, as well as the presentation of a budget impact analysis (n = 10). Seven of the identified EEGs were mandatory for pharmacoeconomics submission. Methodological gaps, contradictions, and heterogeneity in terminologies used were identified within the guidelines. Conclusion As the importance of health technology assessment is increasing in LMICs, this systematic review could help researchers explore key aspects of existing EEGs in LMICs and explore differences among them. It could also support international organizations in guiding LMICs to develop their own EEGs and improve the methodological framework of existing ones.

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