scholarly journals My View on Confucius’ Musical Aesthetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Xiong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Musical Aesthetics ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Musical Concepts ◽  
Music Aesthetics ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Aesthetic Consciousness ◽  
The Aesthetic

During the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, the ideology environment was severe. Hundreds of scholars competed and argued, and they all used their own musical concepts and aesthetic consciousness to influence social life. Confucius was one of them. As we all know, Confucius was the great pre-Qin period thinker, politician, and educator of etiquette and music. His achievements in music aesthetics are different from other schools of “contend of a hundred schools of thought”. Confucius’s aesthetic thoughts are actually the aesthetic thoughts he formed in the practice of ritual and music education. This article discusses his musical spirit, the aesthetic propositions of “benevolence”, “perfect perfection”, “neutrality”, and music education.

Project Report on the "Investigation of the Present Situation and Development of Ethnic Minorities in China"

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Hao Shiyuan
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shi Ji

When viewed from the perspective of history, China has not had a flourishing anthropology and ethnology. However, China's traditions of ethnographic-like perspectives have flourished for a long time. Since the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) and Warring States Period (475-221 BC), multiethnic structure and social relations have been recorded in China's history. Ever since Sima Qian's Shi Ji (the Historical Records), the first general history of China compiled around 100 BC, the social history and cultural customs of ethnic minorities had been covered in each dynasty's history. Moreover, some special chapters had been dedicated to keeping the records of ethnic minorities. Of course such records were not completely unbiased.

The Gujun Site of the Eastern Zhou Period in Xingtang County, Hebei

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-51
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Eastern Zhou ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
The City

Abstract In the years 2015 through 2017, archaeological excavations were conducted to the Gujun Site in Xingtang County, which recovered burials, chariot-and-horse pits and sacrificial pits, house foundations, water wells, ash pits, kilns, ash ditches and other features, from which artifacts made of gold, bronze, jade, stone, bone, horn and antler, shell and cowry, pottery, etc. were unearthed. The date of this site was from the late Spring-and-Autumn Period to the mid and late Warring-States Period, in which the city site, burials and residential areas were existing together; their dates, locations and cultural connotations are all closely related to the Xianyu tribe and Zhongshan State, especially the chariot-and-horse and animal victim pits with unique form were the first archaeologically discovered remains of this type. The discovery of the Gujun Site reflected the convergence and evolutions of the cultures of the ethnic groups in the Northern Frontier Zone and the Huaxia System, and provided important materials for the researches on the processes of the Sinicization of the northern ethnic groups such as Rong and Di and the configuration of the Chinese nation as a pluralistic integration.

Changes in the Concept of “Jian” in the Pre-Qin Period: From Political Norm to Means of Acquiring Wealth

Cultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Xiao TAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conceptual Changes ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Territorial States

The conceptual changes of Jian in the pre-Qin period were the results of changes in the social and political structure. It originally referred to Jian virtue, which was a kind of political norm of clan states. This required the aristocrats to be moderate in accordance with the patriarchal hierarchy and generously share their wealth with their own clansmen. The opposite of Jian virtue is Tan ( greed) and Chi ( extravagance). In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, many states formed their politics based on ministerial families. The aristocrats glorified greed and extravagance as Fu ( riches), and stigmatized Jian virtue as Pin ( poverty). After the collapse of the clan-based state order, the states in the Warring States Period gradually developed into territorial states, and the institutional political norm became a new, abstract concept, indicated by the compound Jian Yue ( economy) and was used to describe the consumption attitudes of individuals and families. Meanwhile, with the increase of social mobility, the pursuit of riches was highly popular in the ideological world. The new expression of “means-ends” advocated by Legalists, which stipulated that individuals and families acquire wealth through Jian Yue (economy), took shape and endures to this day.

INVESTIGATION OF CHINESE STRATEGIES DURING THE PANDEMICS THROUGH THE LENSES OF MOZI AND GALTUNG

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
SONG YANHUA ◽  
SHEN XINGCHEN ◽  
WANG YINGXUE
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Warring States ◽  
The Core ◽  
Universal Love ◽  
The World ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Taking Care

The concept of war is the core of military thought. Johan Galtung established the theoretical paradigm of Peace Studies and was known as the "father of Peace Studies". Mozi was a strategist and thinker with a unique pioneering spirit during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. His idea of "universal love and non-aggression" is a model of ancient Chinese pacifism. Although they lived in different times, both of their views on war have had a significant influence on the world. Their views also share many commonalities. They both believe that the root of war is the struggle and dislike of people. They both oppose war and advocate taking care of people. However, due to being from different times, there are huge differences in their views in regards to being anti-war, the level of taking care of the population, and the means of defense. The purpose of this comparative study is to promote the innovative development of China's traditional culture. It also provides useful inspiration for China's peaceful construction during the current pandemic. Keywords: Galtung, Mozi, viewpoints of war, peace, epidemic situation

Iron Technology and Its Regional Development during the Eastern Zhou Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 594-614
Author(s):  
Wengcheong Lam
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Iron Technology ◽  
Eastern Zhou

The appearance of the cast iron industry was one of the most technological innovations in ancient China. Nonetheless, how iron technology shaped the historical development during this critical period has not yet been fully investigated. This chapter first reviews evidence dating to the Spring and Autumn period regarding the appearance of bloomery iron and cast iron industry. Archaeological evidence suggests a simultaneous development of cast iron in multiple states during the first half of the first millennium BCE. Regional variations between these two centers were also present. The chapter further explores regional variations in the development of the iron industries during the Warring States period on the basis of frequencies and types of iron objects from burial data in the Jin, Qin, and Chu regions. The regional comparison suggests that the total amount of iron objects in the Qin state was much less than the assemblage in the three Jin states; the latter should belong to the manufacturing core given the frequencies and types of iron objects in tombs. Moreover, the local iron industry of the Chu state distinctively focused on the manufacture of weapons compared to former two states. In sum, the regional variations in iron industry should be the foundation for further addressing the social significance of iron technology in ancient China. In addition, the iron industry in the Qin state during the Warring States period should be more carefully scrutinized in the future because it might have been operated on a relatively smaller scale than presently understood.

Ancient Chinese Bronze Casting Methods: The Dilemma of Choice

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (33-34) ◽  
pp. 1743-1768
Author(s):  
Michael R. Notis ◽  
DongNing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Warring States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Tang Dynasty ◽  
Bronze Casting

AbstractThe history of the manufacture of the magnificent bronze castings produced in ancient China has been reinterpreted a number of times during the past hundred years or so. These bronzes were first believed to be fabricated by lost wax (cire perdue) casting, but this gave way to a belief that piece mold casting was the dominant, if not the sole method of manufacture from the Shang (1700-1100 BCE) until possibly as late as the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE). This has been reinforced by the finding, a number of years ago, of the Houma piece mold foundry, as well a number of more recent similar finds. However, this stance was challenged by the discovery of openwork bronze objects as early as in the 1920s, and more strongly challenged in the late 1970s by finds of intricately cast interwoven openwork bronze objects at the Tomb of the Marquis of Yi, dated to the Warring States Period (475-221 BCE). Since then many other similar bronze objects have been found. Questions exist concerning the very existence of the lost-wax process as early as the Spring and Autumn Period (771 to 476 BCE), and was it independently developed in China, or was it introduced from the outside.

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