Environmental effect of sediment dredging in lake (I): the role of sediment dredging in reducing internal phosphorous release

Nutrient deficiency in food crops is seriously affecting human health, especially those in the rural areas, and nanotechnology may become the most sustainable approach to alleviating this challenge. There are several ways of fortifying the nutrients in food such as dietary diversification, use of drugs and industrial fortification. However, the affordability and sustainability of these methods have not been completely achieved. Plants absorb nutrients from fertilizers, but most conventional fertilizers have low nutrient use and uptake efficiency. Nanofertilizers are, therefore, engineered to be target oriented and not easily lost. This review surveys the effects of the addition of macro- and nanonutrients to soil, the interaction, and the absorption capability of the plants, the environmental effect and food content of the nutrients. Most reports were obtained from recent works, and they show that plants nutrients could be enriched by applying nanoparticulate nutrients, which are easily absorbed by the plant. Although there are some toxicity issues associated with the use of nanoparticles in crop, biologically synthesized nanoparticles may be preferred for agricultural purposes. This would circumvent the concerns associated with toxicity, in addition to being pollution free. This report, therefore, offers more understanding on the application of nanotechnology in biofortification of plant nutrients and the future possibilities offered by this practice. It also highlights some of the ills associated with the introduction of nanomaterials into the soil for crop’s improvement.

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Influence of PWR Environment on Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth of Type 316 Stainless Steel

Volume 1A: Codes and Standards ◽

10.1115/pvp2015-45812 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ryosuke Fujikawa ◽

Shigeki Abe ◽

Takao Nakamura ◽

Masayuki Kamaya

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Fatigue Life ◽

Crack Initiation ◽

Environmental Effect ◽

Monte Carlo Model ◽

Fatigue Crack Initiation ◽

Multiple Crack ◽

316 Stainless Steel ◽

Fatigue Life Reduction

This study was aimed at investigating the role of crack initiation and growth rate on the fatigue life reduction by environmental effect. First, crack length and the number of cracks were observed on the inner surface of specimens after fatigue test in PWR environment and air. Next, incubation time was deduced by inverse analysis. Third, statistical crack initiation and growth behavior was simulated by a Monte Carlo model. The influence of multiple crack interaction and coalescence to the fatigue life were discussed. It was revealed that environmental effect enhanced crack initiation and accelerated crack growth. Moreover, coalescence of cracks was estimated to influence fatigue life of 316 stainless steel in PWR environment.

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Environmental effect on fatigue strength of stainless steel in PWR primary water – Role of crack growth acceleration in fatigue life reduction

International Journal of Fatigue ◽

10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.05.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 102-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Masayuki Kamaya

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Fatigue Life ◽

Fatigue Strength ◽

Crack Growth ◽

Environmental Effect ◽

Primary Water ◽

Fatigue Life Reduction

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Role of Off-Farm Income in Agricultural Production and its Environmental Effect in South East, Nigeria (A Case Study of Commercial Motor Cycle Business)

International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.84.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Smiles I. Ume ◽

C.I. Ezeano ◽

R.O. Anozie

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Environmental Effect ◽

Spare Parts ◽

Farm Income ◽

Family Welfare ◽

Motor Cycle ◽

The Government

Role of off-farm income in agricultural production and its environmental effect in Southeast, Nigeria (A case study of commercial motor cycle business) was studied. Two hundred and forty respondents (240) (One hundred and twenty riders and one hundred and twenty motor cycle users) were selected through multi stage random sampling techniques. The objectives of the study were captured using percentage responses, multiple regression and factor analyses. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The result of socio-economic characteristics of commercial motor cycle riders showed that most riders were youthful, single and experienced. Also, most of the riders used their money generated in the business in hiring labour, procurements of farm inputs, family welfare, expansion of business and procurement of equipment. As well, the menaces caused by motor cycle to the riders and the general society were accidents, traffic jam, crimes, health challenges and gang beating. More so, the determinant factors to the motor cycle riders’ income generated were number of years of experience and marital status. In addition, the effects of motor cycle operations to the environment were dusty and noisy situations, soil erosion, vegetation loss and oil spillage. The avenues in alleviating the affects of motor cycle operations on the environment were use of gadgets, educational programme, ban on the use of big motor cycle, use of traffic control and cleanliness of vehicular emission. The major problems encountered by the riders were extortions by the police, emblem, high cost of fuel and high cost of spare parts. Based on the findings the following recommendations were proffered. There is need to enhance riders’ access to hearing and head protective devices and goggle gadget at affordable prices. Also, experienced and novice riders should be encouraged to remain in business through among others provision of motor cycle parts at affordable prices and rehabilitation of rural roads by the government. Finally, all forms of extortions of the riders should be checkmated and the culprits brought to book.

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Urban sediment in infiltration wells: A lesson from the northern area of greater Yogyakarta city

Indonesian Journal of Geography ◽

10.22146/ijg.33721 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Slamet Suprayogi ◽

Sudarmadji Sudarmadji ◽

Muhammad Ngainul Malawani

Keyword(s):

Sediment Load ◽

Drainage System ◽

Research Area ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Sediment Dredging ◽

Drainage Networks ◽

Urban Sediment ◽

Sand And Gravel ◽

Yogyakarta City

The development of housing in Yogyakarta eventually led to increased levels of runoff. To mitigate runoff increases, infiltration wells were constructed in a specific network. The northern part of Yogyakarta is now facing urbanization, and there are many housing blocks that are being constructed complete with the runoff drainage system. This study aims to reveal the role of the infiltration wells network about runoff and its effectiveness concerning the sediment load in the urban area. The drainage networks in the research area function as a watershed, but not with a single outlet. The runoff flow was spreading through the drainage system and did not accumulate on the single outlet. It can be seen that some infiltration wells supposed as a well, which is a place of accumulation of runoff and sediment. Most of the infiltration wells have been filled with sediment up to over a quarter, or even more than half, of their carrying volume. Granulometry measurement shows that the percentage of clay, loam, sand, and gravel in each well tend to differ for every sample. The differences between filled wells and their sediment grain depend on the location of those wells. Maintenance of the wells is required, such as sediment dredging, to rejuvenate them and improve their efficiency.

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