scholarly journals Educação e ideologia: em busca da crítica emancipatória

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Helenice Pereira Sardenberg ◽  
Igor Baptista De Oliveira Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  

O presente artigo busca discutir o papel da escola, na contemporaneidade, sem perder de vista a ideologia que permeia os processos e práticas no campo da educação. Entende-se que esta ideologia, focada numa perspectiva de mercado, incita a manutenção do status quo de pequena parcela da população, além de inviabilizar a emancipação da maioria, na medida em que exclui para “incluir perversamente”. Neste sentido, discute-se não apenas o capital cultural da elite dominante, mas, também, o processo de socialização, não menos importante no contexto escolar, forjado por uma visão capitalista a priori excludente.

Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Targino

O relato de experiência consiste em texto que descreve as ações pioneiras do sistema de bibliotecas universitárias do Estado do Piauí (PI), a partir da instalação da primeira universidade pública federal, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), instituída em 21 de novembro de 1968, com a fusão das faculdades isoladas de Medicina, Odontologia, Filosofia, Direito e Administração e suas respectivas coleções bibliográficas, iniciando as atividades em janeiro de 1973, Campus Universitário Petrônio Portela, Teresina – PI. O relato centra-se na instalação e no desenvolvimento dos primeiros 11 anos de gestão da Biblioteca Central (BC) / UFPI, hoje, Biblioteca Comunitária Jornalista Carlos Castello Branco (BCCCB), que comemora 25 anos de existência. A motivação mor que justifica tal relato é preservar a memória da Instituição e de suas bibliotecas, além de motivar experiências similares. Isto porque, inevitavelmente, a história da BC / UFPI entrelaça-se com a trajetória da instituição à qual está ela atrelada e do próprio Estado, haja vista que conduz ao universo das bibliotecas e de suas instituições federais de ensino superior. De forma similar, mescla-se com a história da equipe dos anos iniciais, pondo em xeque o poder de resiliência da gestora pioneira, autora do relato, à frente da BC entre 1972 e 1981. Em termos estruturais, a priori, explanação sobre o status quo das bibliotecas universitárias para enfatizar o modus operandi da BC, à época, rumo à atuação da BCCCB, que constitui, nos dias atuais, um marco no âmago da sociedade piauiense, como biblioteca comunitária a serviço da população.


ZARCH ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Javier Raposo Grau ◽  
Belén Butragueño ◽  
María Asunción Salgado

La figura de Rem Koolhaas ha sido altamente estudiada y documentada, así como su producción arquitectónica y su constructo teórico. En opinión de muchos autores, puede tratarse del arquitecto vivo más influyente en la actualidad. Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre la verdadera esencia de su aportación a la historia de la arquitectura y poner de relieve la trascendental importancia que tiene en su caso lo “no construido”. De hecho, en muchas ocasiones han sido sus propuestas teóricas, los concursos no premiados (y por tanto no materializados) o sus publicaciones, las que han resultado determinantes e influyentes sobre el “status quo” arquitectónico actual. Koolhaas es un personaje poliédrico, su imagen en el espejo nos devuelve múltiples reflejos: el Rem mediático, el intelectual, el conceptualizador, el constructor, el analista, el periodista, el director de cine, el estratega, el icono...En este caso, nos centraremos en su faceta más trascendente desde nuestra perspectiva: el Rem COMUNICADOR. Uno de sus hallazgos más interesantes fue la necesidad de crear un “alter ego” de OMA, que le permitiera realizar investigaciones y experimentaciones puramente especulativas, cuyo objetivo no estuviera determinado a priori o se centrara en la necesaria materialización del proyecto. Es a través de AMO donde Koolhaas ha podido visibilizar su verdadero yo. The figure of Rem Koolhaas has been highly studied and documented, as well as its architectural production and its theoretical construct. In the opinion of many authors, he might be the most influential living architect at present. This article aims to reflect on the true essence of his contribution to the history of architecture and to highlight the crucial importance that in his case has the “un-built”. In fact, on many occasions his theoretical proposals, his un-winning competitions (and therefore un-built)and his publications, have proved to be decisive and influential on the existing architectural “status quo”. Koolhaas is a multi-faceted character, whose image in the mirror returns multiple reflections: The celebrity-Rem, the intellectual, the “conceptualizer”, the constructor, the analyst, the journalist, the film director, the strategist, the icon...In this case, we will focus on your most important facet from our perspective: The communicator-Rem. One of his most interesting findings was the need to create a “alter ego” of OAM, which would enable him to carry out purely speculative research and experiments, whose objective was not determined a priori or focused on the necessary materialization of the project. It is through AMO how Koolhaas has been able to make visible his true self.


2022 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-303
Author(s):  
George Georgiadis ◽  
Michael Powell

This paper aims to improve the practical applicability of the classic theory of incentive contracts under moral hazard. We establish conditions under which the information provided by an A/B test of incentive contracts is sufficient for answering the question of how best to improve a status quo incentive contract, given a priori knowledge of the agent’s monetary preferences. We assess the empirical relevance of this result using data from DellaVigna and Pope’s (2018) study of a variety of incentive contracts. Finally, we discuss how our framework can be extended to incorporate additional considerations beyond those in the classic theory. (JEL D82, D86, D91)


Author(s):  
Niklas Hahn ◽  
Martin Hoefer ◽  
Rann Smorodinsky

We study an information-structure design problem (i.e., a Bayesian persuasion problem) in an online scenario. Inspired by the classic gambler's problem, consider a set of candidates who arrive sequentially and are evaluated by one agent (the sender). This agent learns the value from hiring the candidate to herself as well as the value to another agent, the receiver. The sender provides a signal to the receiver who, in turn, makes an irrevocable decision on whether or not to hire the candidate. A-priori, for each agent the distribution of valuation is independent across candidates but may not be identical. We design good online signaling schemes for the sender. To assess the performance, we compare the expected utility to that of an optimal offline scheme by a prophet sender who knows all candidate realizations in advance. We show an optimal prophet inequality for online Bayesian persuasion, with a 1/2-approximation when the instance satisfies a "satisfactory-status-quo" assumption. Without this assumption, there are instances without any finite approximation factor. We extend the results to combinatorial domains and obtain prophet inequalities for matching with multiple hires and multiple receivers.


Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.


Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352


Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1671-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Project Match Research Group
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  

Author(s):  
Sven Schneider ◽  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Christina Bock ◽  
Raphael M. Herr ◽  
Manfred Mayer ◽  
...  

Zielsetzung: Die Hausarztpraxis gilt als ideales Setting für die Tabakentwöhnung. Die bundesweite „ÄSP-kardio-Studie“ liefert aktuelle Daten zum Status quo der Tabakentwöhnung nach der „5 A-Strategie“ in deutschen Hausarztpraxen. Methodik: Zwischen 10/2011 und 03/2012 wurden über 4.000 Hausärzte repräsentativ befragt. Der Fragebogen wurde vorab einem Expert Review unterzogen, durch kognitive Interviews validiert und in einer Pilotstudie getestet. Ergebnisse: Routinemäßig erfassten 89 % der Hausärzte etwaigen Tabakkonsum („Assess“), 82 % rieten Rauchern zu einem Rauchstopp („Advise“) und 12 % vereinbarten schriftliche Ziele einer Entwöhnung („Agree“). Hilfestellungen („Assist“) in Form einer Kurzintervention fanden mit 72 % deutlich häufiger statt als in Form von Informationsmaterial (33 %) oder einer Entwöhnungstherapie (27 %). Etwa die Hälfte (54 %) vereinbarte Folgetermine zur Überprüfung des Rauchstopps („Arrange“). Das Angebot war von arzt-, praxis- sowie patientenspezifischen Faktoren abhängig und in den nordöstlichen Bundesländern unterdurchschnittlich. Acht von 10 Hausärzten (77 %) bewerteten ihre Maßnahmen als nicht erfolgreich. Schlussfolgerungen: Deutlich wird die suboptimale und ungleich verteilte Versorgung von Rauchern mit angemessenen Entwöhnungsmaßnahmen in deutschen Hausarztpraxen.


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