scholarly journals Hair and nail nicotine levels of mothers and their infants as valid biomarkers of exposure to intrauterine tobacco smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (December) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mitzi Go ◽  
Wael Al-Delaimy ◽  
Diane Schilling ◽  
Brittany Vuylsteke ◽  
Shawn Mehess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Validity of Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke following Prolonged Storage

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIO RIBOLI ◽  
NANCY J HALEY ◽  
FRITS DE WAARD ◽  
RODOLFO SARACCI
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Proteomic profiling of human respiratory epithelia by iTRAQ reveals biomarkers of exposure and harm by tobacco smoke components

Biomarkers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Sexton ◽  
Dominique Balharry ◽  
Paul Brennan ◽  
James McLaren ◽  
Ian A. Brewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Respiratory Epithelia ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Biomarkers of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in infants

Biomarkers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sørensen ◽  
H. Bisgaard ◽  
M. Stage ◽  
S. Loft
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure

scholarly journals Non-invasive methods to assess biomarkers of exposure and early stage of pulmonary disease in smoking subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malerba ◽  
B. Ragnoli ◽  
M. Corradi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Induced Sputum ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Breath Condensate

Cigarette smoking is the major factor implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite the fact that only susceptible smoking subjects develop this respiratory disease. In the last few years non–invasive techniques such as induced sputum (IS), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) measurement and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection have been successfully established revealing an inflammatory status and oxidative stress indicators in the airways involved in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. Using these new non-invasive experimental tools recently, several efforts have been made to find new biomarkers in order to assess and monitor early lung damage induced by smoking. Tobacco smoke can acutely reduce eNO levels in healthy smokers and non-smoker subjects so it can play a role in anti-smoking programmes; its increase can be a positive parameter for subjects who are going to stop cigarette smoking and at the same time be used as an anti-smoking indicator. It can be useful to investigate the mechanism of cigarette-induced lung damage in an experimental setting and may potentially be useful for assessing of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) effects. Markers of oxidative stress have been detected in induced sputum of COPD subjects even though only few studies investigated the use of induced sputum to study smoke effects on the lungs of healthy subjects. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) obtained by cooling exhaled air under conditions of spontaneous breathing is a promising biological fluid that could provide a real-time assessment of pulmonary pathobiology. The analysis of induced sputum and of exhaled air is feasible and non-invasive, can be useful to identify new biomarkers of exposure or susceptibility in COPD patients to enhance the understanding of airways changes due to current smoking and may be useful to find new biomarkers in order to assess and monitor early lung damage induced by smoke in order to prevent the progression of obstructive disease.

Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene and t, t-Muconic ACID as Biomarkers of Exposure to Environmental Pollutants in Two Areas in Italy (Epic-Florence and Ragusa)

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calogero Saieva ◽  
Rosario Tumino ◽  
Giovanna Masala ◽  
Graziella Frasca ◽  
Simonetta Salvini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Muconic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure

Aims and background Several chemical compounds included in the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and benzene are well-known human carcinogens present in the atmosphere of polluted urban areas. Major sources include vehicle traffic and industrial emissions, but also cigarette smoke. Genotoxic damage derived from exposure to PAHs can be measured in healthy adults by specific assays as PAH-DNA adducts. In the frame of EPIC-Italy, we recently carried out a cross-sectional study in different areas of the country (Palli et al., Int J Cancer, 87: 444-451, 2000) and showed that mean DNA adduct levels varied considerably among different centers, being highest in Florence (a large metropolitan area in Tuscany) and lowest in Ragusa (a small town in Sicily). Methods A subgroup of EPIC volunteers, representative of these two local cohorts, agreed to collect 24-h urine samples, and we measured the excretion of two potential biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollutants: t,t-muconic acid (MA), a metabolite of benzene, and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of pyrene. Overall, 69 24-h urine samples were available for analyses. Results The absolute amounts of 1-OHP and MA excreted in the 24-h urine samples were 169.6 ng and 33.8 μg, respectively. Urinary excretion of both metabolites did not vary according to age or area of residence. Strongly significant differences emerged when current smokers were compared to non-smokers for 1-OHP (P = 0.0001) and MA (P = 0.01), thus confirming that smokers are directly exposed to PAHs and benzene from tobacco smoke, with a dose-dependent effect particularly evident for MA. Multivariate analyses showed positive associations of 1-OHP excretion with male sex, low education and being overweight but not with residence in two areas with contrasting levels of urban pollution; MA excretion tended to be higher in Florence. Conclusions These two urinary metabolites are strongly related to tobacco smoke and do not appear to represent reliable biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollutants in the general population.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sònia Torres ◽  
Carla Merino ◽  
Beatrix Paton ◽  
Xavier Correig ◽  
Noelia Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Smoking is the leading preventable disease worldwide and passive smoking is estimated to be the cause of about 1.0% of worldwide mortality. The determination of tobacco smoke biomarkers in human biological matrices is key to assess the health effects related to the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The biomonitoring of cotinine, the main nicotine metabolite, in human biofluids—including urine, serum or saliva—has been extensively used to assess this exposure. However, the simultaneous determination of cotinine together with other tobacco biomarkers and the selection of alternative biological matrices, such as hair, skin or exhaled breath, would enable a better characterization of the kind and extent of tobacco exposure. This review aims to perform a critical analysis of the up-to-date literature focused on the simultaneous determination of multiple tobacco smoke biomarkers studied in different biological matrices, due to the exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS). Target biomarkers included both tobacco-specific biomarkers—nicotine and tobacco specific nitrosamine biomarkers—and tobacco-related biomarkers, such as those from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, metals and carbon monoxide. To conclude, we discuss the suitability of determining multiple biomarkers through several relevant examples of SHS and THS exposure.

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