scholarly journals Non-invasive methods to assess biomarkers of exposure and early stage of pulmonary disease in smoking subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malerba ◽  
B. Ragnoli ◽  
M. Corradi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Induced Sputum ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Breath Condensate

Cigarette smoking is the major factor implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite the fact that only susceptible smoking subjects develop this respiratory disease. In the last few years non–invasive techniques such as induced sputum (IS), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) measurement and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection have been successfully established revealing an inflammatory status and oxidative stress indicators in the airways involved in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. Using these new non-invasive experimental tools recently, several efforts have been made to find new biomarkers in order to assess and monitor early lung damage induced by smoking. Tobacco smoke can acutely reduce eNO levels in healthy smokers and non-smoker subjects so it can play a role in anti-smoking programmes; its increase can be a positive parameter for subjects who are going to stop cigarette smoking and at the same time be used as an anti-smoking indicator. It can be useful to investigate the mechanism of cigarette-induced lung damage in an experimental setting and may potentially be useful for assessing of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) effects. Markers of oxidative stress have been detected in induced sputum of COPD subjects even though only few studies investigated the use of induced sputum to study smoke effects on the lungs of healthy subjects. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) obtained by cooling exhaled air under conditions of spontaneous breathing is a promising biological fluid that could provide a real-time assessment of pulmonary pathobiology. The analysis of induced sputum and of exhaled air is feasible and non-invasive, can be useful to identify new biomarkers of exposure or susceptibility in COPD patients to enhance the understanding of airways changes due to current smoking and may be useful to find new biomarkers in order to assess and monitor early lung damage induced by smoke in order to prevent the progression of obstructive disease.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide and Biological Mediators in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Agnese Ferraro ◽  
Stefania Zanconato ◽  
Eugenio Baraldi ◽  
Silvia Carraro
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Breath Condensate

Background: In the context of the so-called unified airway theory, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma may coexist. The inflammation underlying these conditions can be studied through the aid of biomarkers. Main body: We described the main biological mediators that have been studied in pediatric CRS and asthma, and, according to the available literature, we reported their potential role in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. As for CRS, we discussed the studies that investigated nasal nitric oxide (nNO), pendrin, and periostin. As for asthma, we discussed the role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (feNO), the role of periostin, and that of biological mediators measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and exhaled air (volatile organic compounds, VOCs). Conclusion: Among non-invasive biomarkers, nNO seems the most informative in CRS and feNO in asthma. Other biological mediators seem promising, but further studies are needed before they can be applied in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Infections Diagnosis in Lung Transplant Recipients in Exhaled Breath Condensate

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. S63
Author(s):  
E. Ibáñez-Martínez ◽  
M. López-Nogueroles ◽  
M. Alcoriza-Balaguer ◽  
I. Pérez ◽  
M. Roca-Marugán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients ◽  
Breath Condensate

scholarly journals Exhaled Breath Condensate pH as a Non-invasive Measure of Inflammation in Non-CF Bronchiectasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shoemark ◽  
R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Noninvasive Test ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bronchial Inflammation ◽  
Breath Condensate ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Bronchiectasis is characterised by neutrophilic bronchial inflammation. Direct measurement of lung inflammation would be useful to assess disease activity, guide need for treatment, and monitor response. The aim of this study was to test whether exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH, a simple noninvasive test, provides a clinically useful measure of inflammation in the lungs of patients with bronchiectasis. 96 consecutively referred patients were studied when clinically stable, 20 followed up over two years, and a further 22 patients seen during an exacerbation. Subjects breathed tidally for 10 minutes into a condensing chamber (Ecoscreen, Erich Jaeger, Hoechberg, Germany). pH in EBC was measured immediately using a pH probe. In a representative group of 25 patients samples were deaerated with argon gas. This was to control for variations in pH ex vivo by removing CO2. EBC was acidic in bronchiectasis patients () compared to controls () and primary ciliary dyskinesia patients (). pH was related to lung volume but not disease severity. Repeated measures show EBC pH changes with symptoms. EBC is further acidified during an exacerbation of bronchiectasis (), this acidification persists following treatment (). EBC pH is not sufficiently sensitive or specific to monitor patients' health status or provide information to inform acute treatment decisions.

Non-invasive collection of exhaled breath condensate in rats: Evaluation of pH, H2O2 and NOx in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie de Broucker ◽  
Sidi Mohamed Hassoun ◽  
Sébastien Hulo ◽  
Nathalie Chérot-Kornobis ◽  
Rémi Nevière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Breath Condensate

Using the exhaled breath condensate as a tool for non-invasive evaluation of pollutant exposure

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marta Almeida ◽  
Pedro M. Felix ◽  
Cristiana Franco ◽  
Maria Do Carmo Freitas ◽  
Luis Cerqueira Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Breath Condensate ◽  
Invasive Evaluation

scholarly journals Exhaled breath condensate: a potential tool to evaluate the relationship between inflammation and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Stephanos Patsiris ◽  
Grigoris Stelios ◽  
Ilias Papanikolaou ◽  
Themis Exarchos ◽  
Panayiotis Vlamos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Subjective Character ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Breath Condensate

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease with high prevalence. Many factors contribute to its development, and probably that leads to its various clinical pictures. Inflammation is the mechanism responsible for the structural alterations in the lungs. Despite its heterogeneity, there are a couple of primary symptoms characterizing it, which are chronic and productive cough and dyspnea. The understanding of dyspnea in COPD is based on theories deriving from the interaction of a network formed between the cardiorespiratory and the neuromuscular system and their receptors. Many factors contribute to its occurrence, making it complex and giving it a very subjective character for a person to perceive. Various methods are used to study COPD. Non-invasive ones seem to attract attention nowadays. One of them is the exhaled breath condensate. It is a biofluid with rich content, which can capture a picture of the pathological processes happening in the lungs. Its study has shown that some markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, such as 8-isoprostane and H2O2, are elevated and able to connect dyspnea and inflammation. Additionally, they seem to provide information of the ongoing inflammatory process in the lungs as well as a picture of the severity of the symptoms. This evidence may enhance the association of dyspnea with dysfunctional breathing. Despite these interesting findings, further research is necessary both in dyspnea and inflammation in COPD to clarify their mechanisms and connective pathways. The utility of non-invasive techniques such as the exhaled breath condensate could be of significant help, but its establishment in the medical field requires extra studies.

scholarly journals A method for the preservation and determination of welding fume nanoparticles in exhaled breath condensate

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Gschwind ◽  
Halshka Graczyk ◽  
Detlef Günther ◽  
Michael Riediker
Keyword(s):  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Inhaled Nanoparticles ◽  
Breath Condensate

Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) represents a non-invasive method for detecting inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) associated with various occupational and environmental exposures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document