Reproductive health and rights: HIV/AIDS and gender equality

2010 ◽  
pp. 143-170
Author(s):  
Riikka Shemeikka

Finland is one of the donor countries that is most supportive in family planning (FP), Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) and gender issues. This study examines Finnish ODA for FP and SRHR: its decision-making structure, other stakeholders and funding levels. Data consists of documents from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) and interviews conducted at the MFA and with other experts. While Parliament decides on the overall level of ODA funding, the Minister for Foreign Trade and Development has considerable autonomy. Other stakeholders such as the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Population and Development and the Family Federation of Finland (Vestliitto) engage in advocacy work and have influenced development policy. Although the Development Policy 2007 mentions the importance of health and SRHR issues and HIV/AIDS is a cross-cutting issue, interviewees stated that the importance of health and SRHR in ODA has declined and that the implementation of cross-cutting issues is challenging. Multilateral funding for UNFPA, UNAIDS and GFATM, and thus the proportion of SRHR funding within the health sector, is however currently rising. Funding for population-related activities has increased and represented 4.8% of Finlands total ODA in 2009. Almost all of this funding is directed towards basic reproductive health and HIV/AIDS issues and the majority is directed through multilateral channels (78% in 2009), mainly UNFPA and UNAIDS. IPPF, Ipas and Marie Stopes International also receive support.


Author(s):  
Leah Gwatimba ◽  
Nanga Raymond Raselekoane ◽  
Anthony O. Nwafor

Patriarchy continues to place limitations on women’s rights in many societies. This is manifested by the unequal gender power relations between sexes, which also adversely impact women’s sexual and reproductive health rights. Using the key human rights principles of non-discrimination and gender equality, the study aimed to analyse gender equality within the sexual and reproductive health domain in customary marriages from the Zimbabwean and South African perspectives. The study was qualitative, conducted in Makwarela (South Africa) and Concession (Zimbabwe) with 16 participants using semi-structured interviews to collect data which were analysed using narrative analysis. The study established that there are restrictive gender norms that negatively affect the interaction of women with the health system, thereby producing negative health outcomes. The study recommends that women be empowered educationally, politically and financially so that they can make their own decisions regarding their health and well-being.


Author(s):  
Hiroko Hara

In this article, the author first overviews the state of affairs concerning reproductive health/rights in Japan. The spread of HIV/AIDS and STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections) in Japan are then examined, followed by a discussion on promotion of gender and sex-specific medicine. Finally, the author examines causes of death in Japan and their implications from the perspectives of gender equality.


Author(s):  
Hiroko Hara

In this article, the author first overviews the state of affairs concerning reproductive health/rights in Japan. The spread of HIV/AIDS and STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections) in Japan are then examined, followed by a discussion on promotion of gender and sex-specific medicine. Finally, the author examines causes of death in Japan and their implications from the perspectives of gender equality.


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