scholarly journals Apoptosis of peripheral blood leucocytes in rabbits infected with different strains of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus.

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej ◽  
Beata Hukowska-Szematowicz ◽  
Beata Tokarz-Deptuła ◽  
Alicja Trzeciak-Ryczek ◽  
Joanna Działo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leucocytes ◽  
Stimulation Of

The pathogenicity of RHDV (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus) is mainly associated with its affinity to blood vessels, with causing disseminated intravascular coagulations (DIC), and with the stimulation of the host immune system. Moreover, there are implications suggesting that apoptosis may be a pivotal process in understanding the basis of viral haemorrhagic disease in rabbits - a serious infectious disease causing mortality to wild and domestic rabbits. The aim of this study is to evaluate, by means of flow cytometry, the dynamics of apoptosis in peripheral blood granulocytes and lymphocytes in rabbits experimentally infected with seven different strains of RHDV and so-called antigenic variants of RHDV denominated as RHDVa, i.e.: Hungarian 24V/89, 1447V/96, 72V/2003; Austrian 01-04, 237/04, V-412 and French 05-01. The results showed that all of the RHDV and RHDVa strains cause an increase in the number of apoptotic cells throughout the infection, which might indicate the need for further analysis of the importance of this process.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity in Rabbits of Virus-Like Particles from a Contemporary Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Type 2 (GI.2/RHDV2/b) Isolated in The Netherlands

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Miao ◽  
Ruibing Qi ◽  
Luut Veldkamp ◽  
Jooske Ijzer ◽  
Marja L. Kik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Domestic Rabbits ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) type 2 (GI.2/RHDV2/b) is an emerging pathogen in wild rabbits and in domestic rabbits vaccinated against RHDV (GI.1). Here we report the genome sequence of a contemporary RHDV2 isolate from the Netherlands and investigate the immunogenicity of virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in insect cells. RHDV2 RNA was isolated from the liver of a naturally infected wild rabbit and the complete viral genome sequence was assembled from sequenced RT-PCR products. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP60 capsid gene demonstrated that the RHDV2 NL2016 isolate clustered with other contemporary RHDV2 strains. The VP60 gene was cloned in a baculovirus expression vector to produce VLPs in Sf9 insect cells. Density-gradient purified RHDV2 VLPs were visualized by transmission electron microscopy as spherical particles of around 30 nm in diameter with a morphology resembling authentic RHDV. Immunization of rabbits with RHDV2 VLPs resulted in high production of serum antibodies against VP60, and the production of cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4) was significantly elevated in the immunized rabbits compared to the control group. The results demonstrate that the recombinant RHDV2 VLPs are highly immunogenic and may find applications in serological detection assays and might be further developed as a vaccine candidate to protect domestic rabbits against RHDV2 infection.

Apoptosis of granulocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood in rabbits infected with haemagglutinating and non-haemagglutinating antigenic variants of the RHD (rabbit haemorrhagic disease) virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej ◽  
B. Tokarz-Deptuła ◽  
W. Deptuła
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Antigenic Variant ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
First Time

Abstract This paper attempts to study the dynamics of apoptosis of granulocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood in rabbits infected with haemagglutinating (Vt97, Triptis, Hartmannsdorf) and non-haemagglutinating (Pv97, 9905 RHDVa) antigenic variants of the RHD virus. The pathogenicity of those antigenic variants was also assessed by recording the mortality of the infected animals. The animals were infected with antigenic variants and blood was sampled at hour 0,4,8,12,24,36 p.i. and the percentage of apoptotic granulocytes and lymphocytes was measured with the use of flow cytometry. The results of the study showed that apoptosis is included during RHDV infection, as the number of apoptotic granulocytes and lymphocytes increases throughout the experiment; depending on the antigenic variant, apoptosis joins in at 4-8-12 h p.i. and lasts until 24-36 h p.i. Furthermore, the mortality of rabbits infected with the examined strains of RHD virus varied from 30% to 100%. This study performed for the first time in this manner, indicates the importance of apoptosis during infection with the RHD virus.

scholarly journals White and red blood cell picture in rabbits experimentally infected with strains of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus without or with variable haemagglutination capacity

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-876
Author(s):  
P. Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej ◽  
B. Tokarz-Deptuła ◽  
W. Deptuła
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract The aim of the study was to establish if haemagglutination of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) affects haematological picture of peripheral blood in rabbits and the pathogenicity of the virus. The study analyzed white and red blood cell picture in rabbits experimentally infected with two non-haemagglutinating (HA-) RHDV strains (Frankfurt and Asturias) and one strain with variable haemagglutination capacity (HA+/−) (Hagenow). Studies with HA− and HA +/− are rare and relate only to 4 HA− strains (2 RHDV: BLA and Rainham; 2 RHDVa: Pv97 and 9905) and 1 HA+/− RHDV strain: ŻD, where less changes in haematological indices and less pathogenicity were observed. We found that changes caused by HA− Frankfurt strain were related to the number of neutrophils and thrombocytes, while in HA− strain Asturias, in thrombocytes and leukocytes. Changes evoked by HA+/− Hagenow strain pertained to the number of eosinophils, thrombocytes, leukocytes, monocytes, and concentration of hemoglobin. Mortality caused by the Frankfurt strain was 100% between 36 and 48 h post infection (p.i.), while that caused by Asturias strain was 100% between 24 and 36 h p.i., and that observed in case of Hagenow strain was 90% between 36 and 48 h p.i. The changes in haematological picture caused by the HA− and HA+/− RHDV strains were less intensive than those found in case of the HA+ RHDV strains, which cannot be confirmed for pathogenicity, and is not in line with the existing hypothesis suggesting higher pathogenicity in HA+ viruses.

scholarly journals The emergence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus: will a non-pathogenic strain protect the UK?

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1411) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. White ◽  
R.A. Norman ◽  
R.C. Trout ◽  
E.A. Gould ◽  
P.J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Strain ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Age Structured Model

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus emerged in China in 1984, and has killed hundreds of millions of wild rabbits in Australia and Europe. In the UK there appears to be an endemic non–pathogenic strain, with high levels of seroprevalence being recorded, in the absence of associated mortality. Using a seasonal, age–structured model we examine the hypothesis that differences in rabbit population demography differentially affect the basic reproductive rates ( R 0 ) of the pathogenic and non–pathogenic strains, leading to each dominating in some populations and not others. The strain with the higher R 0 excluded the other, with the dynamics depending upon the ratio of the two R 0 values. When the non–pathogenic strain dominated, the pathogenic strain caused only transient mortality, although this could be significant when the two R 0 values were similar. When the pathogenic strain dominated, repeated epidemics led to host eradication. Seroprevalence data suggest that the non–pathogenic strain may be protecting some, but not all UK populations, with half being ‘at risk’ from invasion by the pathogenic strain and a fifth prone to significant transient mortality. We identify key questions for empirical research to test this prediction.

Distribution of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus RNA in Experimentally Infected Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kimura ◽  
I. Mitsui ◽  
Y. Okada ◽  
T. Furuya ◽  
K. Ochiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease
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