Diapause Induction in a Kentucky Population of Diprion similis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Melcher ◽  
Lee H. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Sensitive Stage ◽  
Diprion Similis ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
Chilling Period

Critical photoperiod, sensitive stage for diapause induction, and requirements for termination of diapause were studied in a colony of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Hartig), established from a feral Kentucky population. We investigated induction of diapause in the laboratory under photoperiods of 10:14, 11:13, 12:12, 13:11, 14:10, 15:9, and 16:8 (L:D) in the first trial, and added a photoperiod of 9:15 (L:D) in the second trial. Individuals exposed to light periods ≤12:12 (L:D) entered diapause; individuals in a photoperiod > 13:11 (L:D) bypassed diapause. The sensitive stage was determined using reciprocal switches of diapause-inducing (9:15) and non-diapause inducing (16:8) L:D regimes. Our studies indicated that late instars of the introduced pine sawfly are significantly sensitive to photoperiod. Termination of diapause in D. similis did not require a cold or chilling period. All individuals from critical photoperiod trials were kept at 22°C to determine the duration of diapause. Diapausing individuals emerged from the cocoon after 82 to 105 d, compared to 6 to 23 d for individuals not entering diapause.

EFFECT OF LATITUDE ON THE CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD FOR DIAPAUSE INDUCTION IN THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Hegdekar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
H 20 ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractThe critical photoperiod for diapause induction in pupae of Mamestra configurata Walker in Manitoba was 16 h 06 min at Glenlea (49°38′ N), 16 h 20 min at Grandview (51°10′ N), and 16 h 42 min at Birch River (52°24′ N). The differences in cirtical photoperiods observed at Glenlea and Grandview were not significant. At least two different photoperiods exist, one in the Glenlea and Grandview areas and the other in the Birch River area. In the laboratory, the critical photoperiod was 13.5 h when larvae were exposed to a daily fluctuating temperature regime of 12 h at 25 °C and 12 h at 10 °C. Longer critical photoperiods found for the field populations may be related to the relatively low ambient temperatures to which the larvae were exposed in field cages.

THERMAL ACCUMULATIONS, DIAPAUSE, AND OVIPOSITION IN A CONIFER-INHABITING PREDATOR, CHRYSOPA HARRISII (NEUROPTERA)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice J. Tauber ◽  
Catherine A. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Active Adults ◽  
Short Days

AbstractThe adults of Chrysopa harrisii Fitch, which are not predaceous, overwinter in a state of reproductive diapause. During both the dormant and the reproductive periods they remain dark green, a colour apparently adapted to the species’ occurrence on conifers. Two to three generations per season are possible in the Ithaca, N.Y., area.At 75°F, which is the optimum constant temperature for development and survival, the time from oviposition to adult eclosion is 29 days. Theoretical thresholds for development of all stages are relatively high, between 50° and 57°F, and development from egg to adult requires 566 heat degree days.In the laboratory, the critical photoperiod for diapause induction is between LD 13:11 and LD 14:10; short days maintain diapause for approximately 45 days (at 75°F); long days terminate diapause. Both newly-emerged and reproductively-active adults are extremely sensitive to diapause-inducing photoperiods. In the field, all adults emerging on 5 September or later enter diapause and it appears that diapause induction in the Ithaca population begins in the latter part of August. Short days maintain diapause until the end of December, and neither long days, increasing day lengths, nor low temperatures play a role in hastening diapause termination in nature.In timing its vernal reproduction, C. harrisii has evolved a strategy that combines an early-ending diapause with an apparently relatively high temperature threshold for post-diapause development. Therefore, although diapause ends around the winter solstice, heat accumulation is prevented until much later, when temperatures are relatively high.

Pupation Site Selection and Enemy Avoidance in the Introduced Pine Sawfly (Diprion similis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (sp7) ◽  
pp. B19-B31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel T. Wheelwright ◽  
Liam U. Taylor ◽  
Benjamin M. West ◽  
Erin R. Voss ◽  
Sabine Y. Berzins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Diprion Similis ◽  
Pupation Site

Pupal diapause of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): sensitive stage for thermal induction in the Okayama (western Japan) population

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kurban ◽  
H. Yoshida ◽  
Y. Izumi ◽  
S. Sonoda ◽  
H. Tsumuki
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Sensitive Stage ◽  
Induction Rate ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Thermal Induction

AbstractHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) exhibits a facultative pupal diapause, which depends on temperature and photoperiod. Pupal diapause is induced at 20°C by short photoperiods and inhibited by long photoperiods during the larval stage. However, in some pupae (35% of males and 57% of females) of a non-selected field population from Okayama Prefecture (34.6°N), diapause is not induced by short photoperiods. In the present experiment, the importance of temperature for diapause induction was studied in the non-diapausing strain, which was selected from such individuals reared at 20°C under a short photoperiod of 10L:14D. Furthermore, the sensitive stage for thermal determination of pupal diapause was determined by transferring larvae of various instars and pupae between 20°C and 15°C. Diapause was induced by 15°C without respect to photoperiod. When larvae or pupae reared from eggs at 20°C under a short or a long photoperiod were transferred to 15°C in the periods of the middle fifth instar to the first three days after pupation, the diapause induction rate was significantly reduced in both males and females, especially in females. In contrast, when larvae or pupae reared at 15°C were transferred to 20°C in the same periods, diapause was induced in males, but not in females. However, the diapause induction rate of pupae transferred to 20°C on the fourth day after pupation was significantly increased in females. The results show that temperature is the major diapause cue in the photoperiod-insensitive strain and the periods of middle fifth larval instar to early pupal stage are the thermal sensitive stages for pupal diapause induction with some different responses to temperatures between males and females in H. armigera.

Diapause induction in the sawfly Neodiprion rugifrons Middleton (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Knerer ◽  
Rosemary Marchant
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Sensitive Stage ◽  
Two Generations

Neodiprion rugifrons Midd. occurs on jack pine in eastern North America, where it has a single generation per year in Ontario, but two generations in Wisconsin when spring is exceptionally mild and early. Only in this situation will the sensitive last larval instar in June receive the photoperiod of around 17 h that prevents diapause induction and allows the production of another generation, whose sensitive stage is then subjected to a short, diapause-inducing photoregime in September or October.

Taxonomy of Cocoons and Puparia, and their Contents, of Canadian Parasites of Diprion similis (Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Diprion Similis ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

This is the third paper of a series on the taxonomy of cocoons and puparia, cast larval skins, and other remains of parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera that are found in or near the remains of parasitized hosts hfter the parasites have emerged. It deals with the known Canadian parasites of the introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.); previous papers dealt with the known Canadian parasites of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Finlayson, 1960a) and the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Mtg.) (Finlayson, 1960b). Parasites of D. similis that werk encountered in either of the nvd previous papers in the series are not described or illustrated here.

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