IPM of Occasional Urban Invader Pest Species1

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Invader Species ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis

Occasional invader species include a variety of arthropods such as amphipods, centipedes, insects, millipedes, pill and sowbugs, scorpions, and spiders as well as nonarthropod mollusks and worms. These species present unique challenges for development of effective IPM programs. Most occasional invaders are susceptible to desiccation and temperature extremes or are in a wandering or migration phase of their life cycle. Environmental factors such as weather and the condition of homes and home landscapes affect occasional invader infestations. Successful IPM programs have been developed for the garden millipede, Oxidus gracilis Koch, and the smokybrown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville). Both programs rely primarily on habitat modification based on pest biology. Results indicate that these occasional invaders can be managed without resorting to broadcast application of nonspecific insecticides.

Implications of land class and environmental factors on life cycle GHG emissions of Miscanthus as a bioenergy feedstock

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sanscartier ◽  
Bill Deen ◽  
Goretty Dias ◽  
Heather L. MacLean ◽  
Humaira Dadfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock

scholarly journals Effects of environmental factors on Tigriopus fulvus, Fischer 1860, a Mediterranean harpacticoid copepod

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Bonello ◽  
Cristiano Angelini ◽  
Luigi Pane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Extinction Event

Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860) is a benthic harpacticoid copepod of the Mediterranean supralittoral zone. The transitional characteristics of this environment forced this species to develop high resistance to changes of environmental parameters. Nevertheless, Tigriopus fulvus life-cycle is influenced from the splashpools physical-chemical parameters. In this paper, we present the results of a supralittoral monitoring performed in 2014, confirming the influence of some of these environmental parameters on population buildups. Because of recent worldwide climate change effects, a threat might have been posed on this particularly exposed organism, whose population density decreased of a sixfold value in the last 30 years. During the three pools (A, B, C) monitoring, the maximum copepod density recorded was 1456 Ind/l (September 2014, Pool C), alongside first records of extinction event for Tigriopus fulvus.

scholarly journals Habitat characteristics with an. barbirostris larva density in Bulukumba

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 06019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryadi Iwan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Bulukumba is a malaria endemic area in South Sulawesi with malaria cases reported annually, An.barbirostris as a potential vector of malaria in the area. This study aims to analyze habitat characteristics with a density of An. barbirostris larvae The method used is an observational study with ecological survey design through the cross-sectional approach of samples in the form of Anopheles larvae habitat. Bivariate analysis shows physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors. water temperature significant to the density of larva An.barbirostris with p-value = 0,002. Multivariate test using linear regression to know the most influential variables, it is known that the variables that have the most influence on the density of larvae An. barbirostris in endemic area Bulukumba is water temperature p = 0,002. Environmental factors such as salinity, aquatic plant, plants around, predators and crops along with water temperature are factors that support the density of An. barbirostris larvae Control can be done with environmental management, especially interventions on Anopheles sp larvae breeding habitat, by sowing predator fish seeds, habitat modification and manipulation. modification of anopheles habitat by covering habitats and carrying out development can reduce larval nutrition so as to reduce carbon in the soil which results in a decrease in larval density.

Life Cycle and Environmental Factors in Selecting Residential and Job Locations

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Kyung Kim ◽  
Mark W. Horner ◽  
Robert W. Marans
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors

THE LIFE CYCLE AND SOCIAL LEVEL OF EVYLAEUS NIGRIPES (HYMENOPTERA: HALICTINAE), A MEDITERRANEAN HALICTINE BEE

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Knerer ◽  
C. Plateaux-Quénu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Cell Cluster ◽  
Caste Determination ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Social Level

AbstractEvylaeus nigripes (Lep.) is a large, polylectic social halictine bee, common in the Mediterranean region. Haplometrotic and pleometrotic nests are established late in spring and clusters of from 6 to 15 cells are constructed and surrounded by a cavity. A summer brood of small females and a few males emerges from these cells in July. The summer females behave as workers; they remain in their mother’s nest, assist in the construction of a deeper and larger cell cluster, forage for pollen and nectar, but do not guard the nest. They show some ovarian inhibition in a matrifilial society but become egglayers in queenless nests or when establishing their own burrows. They are much shorter-lived than their mothers, require no diapause, and are unattractive to the summer males. The social level of E. nigripes is comparatively high; summer males are less than 5% of the total brood. Queen and workers are relatively distinct morphs, although caste determination can be influenced by environmental factors. Sphecodes alternatus Smith is its specific parasitoid whereas several bombyliids, mutillids, and conopids attack E. nigripes as part of a much wider range of hosts.

scholarly journals Congregating behavior and response to resource distribution of the Green House Millipede, Oxidus gracilis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Bulpitt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Rock Cover ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Background. Congregating behaviors, though common among many animal species, are little studied among millipedes. It is also unclear to what extent abiotic factors influence the distribution and behavior of millipedes. The species Oxidus gracilis was surveyed around several streams on the island of Mo’orea along with soil moisture, leaf litter cover, and rock cover. Experiments were designed in order to determine how an innate congregating behavior may affect their distributions. Methods. Fifteen transects were performed in the field, recording O. gracilis abundances and the three environmental factors every 1 m. Forty trials were performed using covered bins filled with soil and five fruits of the Tahitian chestnut tree (Inocarpus fagifer). Ten millipedes were placed in the box and left for an hour, after which the number of individuals per fruit was recorded. Results. It was found that while none of the three environmental factors were strong indicators of the distribution of O. gracilis , individuals did in fact demonstrate a tendency to congregate in the experimental trials. Discussion. The lack of significant relationships with the three environmental parameters suggests a generalist behavior of this millipede species, potentially benefitting its invasive nature. The congregating behavior could potentially be for the purposes of mating or defense. Although not studied in this paper, it is possible that conspecific chemical cues are responsible.

scholarly journals Also tropical freshwater ostracods show a seasonal life cycle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Meyer ◽  
Claudia Wrozyna ◽  
Albrecht Leis ◽  
Werner Piller
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Isotopic Compositions

Abstract. Isotopic signatures of ostracod shells became common proxies for the reconstruction of paleo-environmental conditions. Their isotopic composition is the result of the composition of their host water and the phenology and ecology of the target species. The sum of spatial and temporal variations from environmental factors in the species habitat defines the maximum isotopic variation of a population during the time of their shell formation. Here we present isotopic signatures (δ18O, δ13C) of living Cytheridella ilosvayi (Ostracoda) and chemical and isotopic compositions of 14 simultaneously sampled freshwater habitats in South Florida and instrumental data of the region. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the selected sites characterize the different habitats and show the influence of the source water, biological activity and the duration of exposure to the surface. Isotopic signatures of C. ilosvayi shells correlate well with the isotopic composition of their host waters. Within-sample variability of repeated isotopic measurements of ostracod shells reflect habitat dependent ranges and indicate temperature and the δ18O composition of precipitation (δ18Oprec) as regional environmental factors responsible for the population variation. Instrumental data of water temperature and δ18Oprec were used to calculate the monthly variation of a theoretical calcite in rivers of Florida showing distinct seasonal variations in values and ranges. Different configurations of the theoretical calcite were compared to the within-sample variability to identify possible calcification periods of C. ilosvayi. For a plausible calcification period the ostracod isotopic range has to correlate with mean values of the theoretical calcite with a slight positive offset (vital effect) and the extension of the theoretical calcite range. The tested model suggests a seasonal calcification period of C. ilosvayi in early spring. The surprising seasonality of a tropical ostracod life cycle is probably coupled to the hydrologic cycle of Florida. The results of this study contribute to the application of ostracod isotopes in modern calibration studies and their potential use in paleontology.

Assessment of infection and sporulation processes of Puccinia menthae on peppermint in controlled conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Edwards ◽  
D. G. Parbery ◽  
P. A. Taylor ◽  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

The effects of environmental factors on components of the life cycle of Puccinia menthae on Mentha × piperita cv. Tod’s Mitcham were examined. Urediniospore germination required at least 6 h leaf wetness and lasted 4-6 h at temperatures of 5-25ºC. Appressoria, substomatal vesicles, and haustoria were produced 6, 6, and 24 h after inoculation, respectively, at 20ºC. The latent period of infection ranged from 50 days at 5ºC to 10 days at 22ºC. Sporulation occurred over a wide range of temperatures (5-27ºC), the optimum being 15-20ºC. The minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for infection were <5, 20, and 27ºC, respectively. Teliospore formation required a minimum of 9 days of cold treatment (4ºC) and the ratio of teliospores to urediniospores produced was inversely proportional to the duration and intensity of light received.

Climate-driven livestock management shifts and tick populations.

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Georgia Titcomb
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Livestock Management ◽  
Livestock Density ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa

Abstract Climate change can affect all aspects of the tick life cycle, from altering host distributions to modulating tick development and survival. This expert opinion focuses on how humans can greatly affect tick populations via livestock management. This is likely to occur through at least three pathways: (i) by altering host abundance and composition; (ii) via habitat modification due to grazing and trampling; and (iii) by altering tick mortality via tick-control methods. Thus, climate-driven changes to livestock management can profoundly alter tick populations, especially in regions such as eastern and southern Africa, where high livestock density and worsening climate changes are coupled with high tick diversity and abundance.

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