scholarly journals Correlation Between Cytologic Results and Thyroid Autoantibodies, Calcitonin, and Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Thyroid Nodules

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Karakaya ◽  
Bahar Ozdemir ◽  
Bulent Yaprak ◽  
Meral Mert
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Multiple Category ◽  
Bethesda Classification ◽  
Range Interval ◽  
Undetermined Significance

Abstract Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is currently a widely accepted screening procedure in diagnosis of thyroid nodules, there has been confusion related to diagnostic terminology in the assessment of samples. This confusion has been caused by multiple category names, descriptive reports without assigning to a category, and different terminologies used for surgical pathology. We aimed to evaluate correlations between US characteristics, cytologic results of FNAB, and thyroid antibodies, calcitonin, and thyroid function tests in patients presented with thyroid nodules, and to contribute in diagnosis, treatment, and patient follow-up. Methods: A total of 1639 patients with thyroid nodules who applied to outpatient clinic of endocrinology between dates April and May 2017, had FNAB under US guideline, and their pathologic evaluation was performed according to Bethesda classification. Serological and hormonal tests were also performed for each patient. Results: The mean age of study group was 50 (range interval= 14-90) years. The median of node-diameter1 was 17.5 (range=1-51) mm, and median of node-diameter2 was 12 (range=8-33) mm. Of US characteristics, echogenicity, microcalcification, irregular borders, and solitary nodules were determined in 4.4%, 54%, 71.2%, and 86.6% of cohort respectively. Elevated anti-TPO was determined in 64.6%. Cytologic readings were reported as 15.8% nondiagnostic, 53.8% atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, 28.8% benign, 0.4% suspicious for follicular nodule, and 1.2% malign.   Conclusion: Measurement of thyroid autoantiboides, calcitonin, and thyroid function tests have good correlations with Bethesda classification in patients with thyroid nodules.

scholarly journals Case Report of Postpartum Thyroid Nodule Size Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A923-A923
Author(s):  
Jana Havranova ◽  
Thomas Gallagher ◽  
Mohammad Ishaq Arastu
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
White Coat Hypertension ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
True Association

Abstract Introduction: Thyroid nodules are very common. They occur more commonly in women with an increased prevalence of thyroid nodules reported in pregnancy. Most thyroid nodules diagnosed during pregnancy are benign. Pregnancy causes major physiological changes including changes in the levels of thyroid hormones and the elevation of thyroid binding globulin. Thyroid nodules may also occur in people with abnormal thyroid function tests manifesting as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. We present a unique case of a new diagnosis of a large thyroid nodule that has significantly decreased in size after 20 months postpartum. Case description: Patient is a 31 year old female with past medical history of anxiety and white coat hypertension who was diagnosed with a 3.3 x 2.3 x 2.1 cm thyroid nodule a month following delivery. Patient did not have any abnormalities in her thyroid function tests before, during, or after pregnancy. She remained euthyroid throughout the pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the nodule showed atypia of undetermined significance (Bethesda Category III). The specimen was further analyzed by afirma testing that confirmed benign pathology. Twenty months postpartum, the thyroid nodule significantly decreased in size to 1.9 x 1.4 x 1.2 cm. Conclusion: Thyroid hormone levels physiologically change during pregnancy and this may affect the growth of thyroid nodules. We just presented a patient who exhibited a significant decrease in the size of her thyroid nodule. Sahin et al. showed that while the size of the thyroid nodule increases during pregnancy the number of nodules remains unaffected. Kung et al. showed that pregnancy is associated with an increase in the size of preexisting thyroid nodules as well as the number of newly developed thyroid nodules. Vanucchi et al. showed that although the thyroid gland becomes larger, particularly in late pregnancy, the sizes of any preexisting thyroid nodules remained unchanged and patients’ thyroid gland size returned to normal after delivery. The current literature provides conflicting data on this topic. The true association between pregnancy and thyroid nodules is unknown. Contemporary literature is ambiguous on this topic and more scientific studies are required to find the true association between pregnancy, the formation of thyroid nodules, and increase in the size or number of thyroid nodules.

scholarly journals Transient cold nodule of the thyroid due to localized postpartum thyroiditis

1998 ◽  
pp. 562-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Luboshitzky ◽  
G Qupti ◽  
A Ishai ◽  
M Dharan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Scintigraphy ◽  
Postpartum Thyroiditis ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cold Nodule

A 27-year-old woman with no previous personal or family history of thyroid disease was referred to us for the evaluation of thyroid nodule, five months postpartum. Thyroid scintigraphy demonstrated a left cold nodule. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the nodule showed a mixture of colloid, follicular cells and lymphocytes, suggesting lymphocytic thyroiditis. Thyroid function tests were normal and thyroid autoantibodies were negative. After two months the thyroid nodule was not palpated and thyroid scintigraphy returned to normal. Thyroid function tests remained normal twelve months after delivery. These findings suggest that postpartum thyroiditis may present as a localized transient form and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painless solitary nodule that appears postpartum.

scholarly journals Effect of Early Referral to an Endocrinologist on Efficiency and Cost of Evaluation and Development of Treatment Plan in Patients with Thyroid Nodules

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 3803-3807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ortiz ◽  
Kenneth H. Hupart ◽  
Charles R. DeFesi ◽  
Martin I. Surks
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Early Referral ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Radionuclide Uptake ◽  
Unnecessary Testing

Radionuclide uptake and scan and sonogram, frequently ordered before referral to an endocrinologist, are expensive and poor predictors of thyroid nodule malignancy. We estimated costs of excessive imaging and other studies by reviewing the records of all patients (n = 70) referred to a single, consulting endocrinologist, for thyroid nodule evaluation in a 2-yr interval and subsequently, presenting only pertinent histories and results of physical examinations, thyroid function tests, and thyroid autoantibodies, to a second, reviewing endocrinologist (RE) who was blinded to diagnosis and management. Concordance in diagnosis and management between consulting endocrinologist and RE was 87.1% and 93.4%, respectively. Accuracy of diagnosis, loss of patient’s time (8.7 h, average), and cost of unnecessary testing, defined as tests not required by the RE for diagnosis and management according to published guidelines, were determined. Unnecessary testing included 153 physician’s office or diagnostic laboratory visits, 44 sets of thyroid function tests, 32 radionuclide uptake and scan, 39 thyroid sonograms, and 3 computed tomography scans. The total direct cost of unnecessary tests was estimated at $27,290 ($390/patient) in addition to costs of 30 unnecessary physician’s office visits. Only 2 of 8 surgical referrals required surgery, whereas 6 other patients required surgery, including 3 with papillary carcinoma. We conclude that early referral to an endocrinologist of patients with suspected thyroid nodules results in significant savings in cost of evaluation, patient’s time, and increased diagnostic precision. Six of the 8 patients referred for surgery before endocrine consultation had benign thyroid disease that did not require surgery. Six additional patients were referred to surgery, 3 of whom had papillary thyroid carcinoma. Early referral of patients with suspected thyroid nodules to an endocrinologist results in significant savings in both cost and patient’s time as well as increased precision of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Research on Clinical, Subclinical Characteristic of Incidental Thyroid Nodules

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A870-A870
Author(s):  
Bay Quang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function

Abstract Background: Incidental thyroid nodules has become more prevalent in recent years due to applying diagnostic imaging tests. Many studies show that the rate of thyroid cancer in this group of patients is relatively high. Objective: To assess patients with incidentally detected thyroid nodules, including those who were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, which involved 208 patients with 389 thyroid nodules detected by thyroid ultrasound. All patients have thyroid function tests. 272 nodules were performed fine-needle aspiration. Patients with thyroid cancer were assessed histopathology after removal. Results: The participants’ mean age was 47.22 ± 12.02. The female / male ratio is 6.7/1. No patients had history of head and neck irradiation or living in epidemiological areas with high prevalence of goiter. TSH level: 96.2% normal, 2.4% low, 1.4% high. In thyroid cancer group: 100% of patients had normal thyroid function. Nodule characteristics on ultrasound: Majority of thyroid nodules had diameters less than 1.5 cm (85.6%), multi-nodularity(52.9%). The largest carcinoma nodule was 2.35 cm, 22.2% of patients with thyroid cancer had ≥ 3 nodules. The malignancy rate of TIRADS 5 was 70.6%. FNA results of 272 thyroid nodules: the majority were Bethesda II (74,2%); the incidence of carcinoma (Bethesda V, VI) is 17.4%. 36 patients account for 17,3%, with 42 nodules were performed surgery, the results of histopathology were 100% of papillary thyroid carcinoma, which was consistent with cytological results. Conclusion: Thyroid nodules are common in women patients at the age of 31-60 with normal thyroid function. Most of them are <1.5 cm in size. There are 17.3% of patients were thyroid carcinoma.

LACK OF A THRESHOLD SIZE FOR AUTONOMOUSLY FUNCTIONING THYROID NODULES THAT EXCLUDES HYPERTHYROIDISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poorani Nallam Goundan ◽  
Stephanie L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cystic Degeneration ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Objective: To correlate the size of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) with thyroid function tests. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of data from patients with a diagnosis of a single AFTN who were seen in a university-based endocrinology clinic between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2015. Patients with a nuclear thyroid scan confirming the presence of an AFTN without significant cystic degeneration were included in the study. Results: The volume of the AFTN and the corresponding thyroid function tests were compared in 32 patients who met inclusion criteria. There was no correlation between the volume of the AFTN and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels ( r2 = 0.044). There was also no volume threshold below which an AFTN was always associated with a TSH within the reference range. Conclusion: The results agree with the findings of other recent studies comparing the volume of AFTNs with TSH levels, suggesting that smaller nodules can still demonstrate subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism and that a normal TSH level does not preclude the presence of an AFTN. Abbreviations: AFTN = autonomously functioning thyroid nodule; T3 = triiodothyronine; T4 = thyroxine; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone

scholarly journals Study of Thyroid Lesions by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and its Correlation with Thyroid Function Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anuj Paudel ◽  
S K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

  Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid gland has been widely and successfully utilized for diagnosis. Assessment of thyroid pathology is even more informative if correlated with thyroid function tests (TFT). This study aims to compare the efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology with thyroid function tests in different thyroid lesions.   Methods: A descriptive study was carried out among the patients who presented with thyroid swellingvisiting Department of Ear Nose Throat (ENT) of Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital (LMCTH) fromJune 2012 to February 2013. The study population were selected on random basis. A total of fifty patients involved in the study and were sent to Department of Pathology for FNAC and TFT.   Results: Most of the cases (44%) of thyroid swelling were from 21 to 40 years of age. Among them, 86% were females. Out of total respondents, 48% were found to be colloid goiter. 70% findings of FNAC and TFT were in accordance.   Conclusions: The findings of FNAC and TFT were found to be significantly associated (P value <0.05).

scholarly journals Sonographic Echo-pattern of the Thyroid Gland among the Non-nodular Goitrous Patients Having Abnormal thyrotropin Level at their First Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Nasrin Begum ◽  
Kabiruzzaman Shah ◽  
Parvez Ahmed ◽  
Mosharruf Hossain ◽  
Shariful Islam Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Thyrotropin Level

Objective: This study was done to observe the high resolution sonographic echo-pattern of the thyroid gland among the non-nodular goitrous patients having abnormal thyrotropin (TSH) level at their first diagnosis.Method: This study was conducted at the Institute of Nuclear medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the period between 1st January, 2014 and 31st March, 2015. The goitrous patients are referred at this Institute by the clinicians for radionuclide thyroid scan, HRUS of thyroid gland and thyroid function tests. Under the basis of convenient sampling technique, 62 patients are included as sample. Their age, gender, HRUS echo-patterns of goiter and thyrotropin levels are recorded and analyzed with statistical software IBM SPSS v. 16.Results: Among the total enrolled patients (n=62), 57 (91.9 %) were female and five (8.1 %) were male. Mean (± SD) age was 28 ± 11.85 years (range=8 to 69 years). Regarding thyrotropin level among the sample patients (n=62), 53 (85.5 %) had above normal range and 9 (14.5 %) had below normal range. In relation to sonographic echo-pattern of the non-nodular goitrous patients (n=62), 43 (69.4 %) had hypoechoic feature, 15 (24.2 %) had non-homogenous feature and four (6.5 %) had both hypoechoic and non-homogenous feature. Among the 43 goitrous patients with hypoechoic feature, 38 had thyrotropin above normal range and five had below normal range; among the 15 goitrous patients with non-homogenous feature, 12 had thyrotropin above normal range and three had below normal range and among the four goitrous patients with both hypoechoic and non-homogenous feature, three had thyrotropin above normal range and one had below normal range.Conclusion: The results of this study will be helpful in the relevant prospective studies which will be concerned with developing non-nodular goiter management algorithm, in addition to the role of other parameters like thyroid function tests especially thyrotropin level, circulating thyroid autoantibodies detection and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology findings.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(2): 152-155, July 2015

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