scholarly journals Effect of lethal yellow (AY) mutation and photoperiod alterations on mouse behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
E. Y. Bazhenova ◽  
D. V. Fursenko ◽  
N. V. Khotskin ◽  
I. E. Sorokin ◽  
A. V. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Lethal Yellow

Decrease in natural illumination in fall/winter months causes depressive-like seasonal affective disorders in vulnerable individuals. Obesity is another risk factor of depression. The lethal yellow (AY) mutation causes ectopic expression of agouti protein in the brain. Mice heterozygous for AY mutation (AY/a) are obese compared to their wild-type littermates (a/a). The main aims of the study were to investigate the effects of AY mutation, photoperiod and the interaction between these factors on daily activity dynamics, feeding, locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety-related and depressive-like behaviors in mild stress condition. Six weeks old mouse males of AY/a and a/a lines were divided into four groups eight animals each and exposed to long- (14 h light and 10 h darkness) or short- (4 h light and 20 h darkness) day conditions for 28 days. Then the behavior of these mice was successively investigated in the home cage, open field, elevated plus-maze and forced swim tests. We did not observed any effect of AY mutation on the general activity, water and food consumption in the home cage; locomotion and exploration in the open field test; anxiety-related behavior in the open field and elevated plus-maze tests. At the same time, AY mutation increased depressive-like immobility time in the forced swim test (F1.28 = 20.03, p = 0.00012). Shortday conditions decreased nocturnal activity in the home cage, as well as locomotion (F1.28 = 16.33, p = 0.0004) and exploration (F1.28 = 16.24, p < 0.0004) in the open field test. Moreover, short-day exposition decreased time spent in the center of the open field (F1.28 = 6.57, p = 0.016) and in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze (F1.28 = 12.08, p = 0.0017) tests and increased immobility time in the forced swim test (F1.28 = 9.95, p = 0.0038). However, no effect of the interaction between AY mutation and photoperiod on immobility time in the forced swim test was observed. Therefore, short-day photoperiod and AY mutation increased depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test by means of different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Role of Monoaminergic Neurotransmission on the Antidepressant Effect of Leaf and Root Extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the Locomotion and Immobility of Sprague-Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Iroghama I. Asoro ◽  
Osaretin A. T. Ebuehi ◽  
Mariam N. Igwo- Ezikpe
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Rauwolfia Vomitoria

Rauwolfia vomitoria is one of the medicinal plants which is used traditionally to manage hypertension, diabetes and mental disorder. The scientific evidence to suggest its medicinal use especially in mental health treatment is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of the leaf and root extracts of R. vomitoria in the rat model using neurobehavioural indices; open field test and forced swimming test. Subsequently, the effect of the extracts on monoamine neurotransmitters system was investigated. The neurobehavioral response of rats by open field test and forced swim test showed that there was a reduction in the explorative tendencies of the rats administered the aqueous and ethanol root extracts (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) compared to the control while forced swim test reduced the immobility time of rats across all treatment groups except 500 mg/kg group. Neurotransmitter levels (serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine) in plasma and brain of rats administered the different concentration of root extracts exhibited significant (p<0.05) increase. Thus, the mode of action may be due in part to the increase in monoamine levels or by suppression of the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters. This study established that R. vomitoria root extract has antidepressant-like effect in rats.

Potentials of Mangifera indica in the treatment of depressive-anxiety disorders: possible mechanisms of action

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail O. Ishola ◽  
Olufunsho Awodele ◽  
Chinedum O. Eluogu
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Abstract:: HeMI (12.5–100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 1 h before subjecting the animal to the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and elevated plus maze tests (EPM).: HeMI (12.5–100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment produced significant reduction in immobility time [F(6.56)=8.35, p<0.001], [F(6,56)=7.55, p<0.001] in the FST and TST, respectively. Moreover, co-administration of sub-therapeutic doses of imipramine or fluoxetine with HeMI (3.125 mg/kg) elicited significant reduction in time spent immobile in the FST. However, pretreatment of mice with parachlorophenylalanine, metergoline, yohimbine or sulpiride abolished the antidepressant-like effect elicited by HeMI. In the EPM, HeMI produced significant [F(5,42)=8.91, p<0.001] increase in open arms exploration by 75.55 % and this effect was blocked by pretreatment of mice with flumazenil or metergoline.: Findings from this study showed antidepressant-like effect of

scholarly journals Effect of Passiflora Edulis Sims onReserpine Induced Fibromyalgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 2157-2165
Author(s):  
Naveen Sharma ◽  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Vipin Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Passiflora Edulis Sims

This study was carried out to assess the possible effect of Passiflora edulis Sims on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia with using different animal models and commonly used in the Virginia, southern Illinois, southeast Kansas and India as a folk medicine. Possible effect of extract of the plant was evaluated on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia. For evaluating the effect of this Plant leaves extract, different models were used such as tail flick, radiant heat, hot plate and inclined plane model. Evaluation of anti-depression activity, forced swim test and elevated plus maze (EPM) model were used. Investigations were shown that reserpine-treated animals responded with significantly increased sensitivity of pain in tail flick latency, decreased threshold of paw-withdrawal and immobility time and in Randall test. Whereas Plant leaves extract at different level of doses (e.g. 200 and 400 mg/kg) has shown a significant reduction in time of immobility, withdrawal latency of tail and the significant increase in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The Passiflora edulis Sims showed inhibition of algesic condition in all the models which was dose dependent. During forced swim test extract of plant showed the significant reduce immobility time as compared with the control group, also in the plus‐maze method, Plant leaves extract showed increased time spend in open arm. The results were confirmed that the use of the extract of leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims in the traditional management of pain and enhances behavioural activity.

Individual differences in the elevated plus-maze and the forced swim test

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celio Estanislau ◽  
Anna Carolina Ramos ◽  
Paula Daniele Ferraresi ◽  
Naiara Fernanda Costa ◽  
Heloisa Maria Cotta Pires de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze

Diazepam normalizes anxiety in rats with experimental anxiety-depressive state induced by diprotin A in the first postnatal week

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Н.А. Крупина ◽  
Н.Н. Хлебникова
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Depressive State ◽  
New Model ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze

В предыдущих исследованиях мы показали, что у крысят, подвергнутых на второй-третьей неделях постнатального развития действию ингибиторов дипептидилпептидазы IV (ДП-IV), в дальнейшем развивалось смешанное тревожно-депрессивное состояние, которое характеризовалось повышением уровня кортикостерона в сыворотке крови. Трициклический антидепрессант имипрамин купировал проявления депрессивноподобного поведения у таких крыс в тесте принудительного плавания. Данные свидетельствовали в пользу соответствия данных моделей основным критериям валидности - «внешней схожести», прогностическому и конструкционному критериям. Недавно в наших исследованиях была разработана новая модель смешанного тревожно-депрессивного состояния, индуцируемая действием ингибитора ДП-IV дипротина А в первую неделю постнатального развития крысят. Цель настоящего исследования - валидизация данной модели тревожно-депрессивного состояния. Методы. Крысятам опытной группы вводили дипротин А (2 мг/кг, внутрибрюшинно), животным контрольной группы - физиологический раствор. У крыс подросткового возраста и взрослых животных оценивали двигательную активность (тест «Автоматизированное открытое поле»), уровень тревожности (тест «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт») и депрессивно-подобное поведение (тест принудительного плавания). Двухмесячным животным однократно вводили анксиолитик диазепам (1,25 мг/кг) с последующей оценкой уровня тревожности. Уровень кортикостерона в сыворотке крови определяли методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Действие дипротина А индуцировало развитие депрессивноподобного поведения у крыс в возрасте 1 и 2 мес., и повышало уровень тревожности у двухмесячных крыс. Содержание кортикостерона в крови таких животных превышало контрольный уровень. Диазепам нормализовал уровень тревожности и привыкание в тесте «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт». Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют в пользу валидности новой модели смешанного тревожно-депрессивного состояния у крыс, создаваемой действием ингибитора ДП-IV дипротина А в первую неделю постнатального развития. Earlier we have shown that rat pups treated with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV) inhibitors in the second to third postnatal weeks further developed a mixed anxiety-depressive state, which was characterized by increased blood corticosterone. Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, suppressed the depressive-like behavior in such rats in the forced swim test. This supported the consistency of these models with the main criteria of validity, «outward similarity» and predictive and construction criteria. Recently we have developed a new model of mixed anxiety-depressive state, induced by a DP-IV inhibitor, diprotin A, administered in the first postnatal week. The aim of this study was to validate this model of anxiety-depressive state. Methods. Diprotin A (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to rats of the experimental group, and saline - to the control animals. Motor activity (automated open field test), anxiety (elevated plus-maze test), and depressive-like behavior (forced swim test) were evaluated in adolescent and adult rats. Two-month-old animals were injected with a single dose of the anxiolytic diazepam (1.25 mg/kg) followed by the anxiety tests. Serum corticosterone level was measured using enzyme immunoassay. Results. Diprotin A induced depressive-like behavior in rats aged one and two months and increased anxiety in two-month-old rats. In these animals, serum corticosterone concentration exceeded the control level. Diazepam normalized anxiety and habituation in the elevated plus-maze test. Conclusion. The study supported the validity of the new model of mixed anxiety-depressive state in rats induced by the DP-IV inhibitor, diprotin A, administered in the first postnatal week.

scholarly journals Antidepressant- and anxiogenic-like effects of acute 5-HT2C receptor activation in rats exposed to the forced swim test and elevated plus maze.

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Gomes ◽  
Marília Greidinger ◽  
Marcelo Salviano ◽  
Kalliu Carvalho Couto ◽  
Graziela Ferreira Scaperlli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze

scholarly journals Lycopene Treatment Transposed Antidepressant-Like Action in Rats Provoked to Chronic Mild Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 981-988
Author(s):  
Venkata Naveen Kumar P. ◽  
Elango P. ◽  
Asmathulla S. ◽  
Kavimani S
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of lycopene on CMS-induced depressive-like behavioral changes in Wistar rats. In present study, rodents were selected randomly and grouped in to seven groups. Each group consists of six animals. All the groups are subjected to chronic mild stress in an unpredictable manner except the control group, which is free from stress. Behavioral changes induced during chronic mild stress were assessed by conducting the behavioral tests like forced swim test, sucrose preferences test, elevated plus maze test and open field tests in screening depressant and anxiety activity. The data analysis showed chronic mild stress produced depressive and anxiogenic behavior in the experimental rats. A significant increase in the immobility time and decrease in sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test are noted in CMS and vehicle groups. Similarly, in an elevated plus maze a significant decrease in the entries in the open arm and decrease in central square entries, and rearing behavior and increase in the duration of immobility were observed in open field test.Lycopene treatment for 6-weeks significantly decreased immobility time and increased in sucrose consumption observed in the forced swim test and sucrose preference test respectively. Lycopene significantly increased number of entries in the open arm of elevated plus maze and decreased grooming and freezing behavior in open field method. lycopene supplemented dose of 5mg/kg showed an insignificant results in all the behavioral models (p>0.05).The data were expressed as Mean±SD.Data were analyzed and differences between the means were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Using graph pad prism version 5.03 statistical software. In all the tests, differences were considered significant if p<0.05 to be a statistical significant. lycopene possesses antidepressant and mild- anxiolytic activity which may be due to its antioxidant effect that might warrant further studies.

Attenuation of stress-induced behavioral changes by activation of serotonin type 7 receptors in the median raphe nucleus of rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-913
Author(s):  
Willian Lazarini-Lopes ◽  
Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli ◽  
Cláudia M Padovan
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Median Raphe ◽  
Median Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Median Raphé

Background: Exposure to stressful aversive situations induces physiological and behavioral changes. Serotonin has been suggested to mediate such changes, as well as adaptation to stressful events. Serotoninergic projections arising from the median raphe nucleus to the dorsal hippocampus have been suggested to promote adaptation to chronic aversive stimuli. Such pathway may involve serotonin type 1a receptor-mediated neurotransmission. However, the serotonin 7 receptor can also be found in the median raphe nucleus and may be involved in mechanisms underlying response to stress. Aims: In this work we sought to investigate if activation of serotonin type 7 receptors would attenuate stress-induced deficits in different animal models of depression. Methods: Male Wistar rats with a guide-cannula aimed to the median raphe nucleus were submitted to restraint or forced swim stress and were tested in an elevated plus maze or forced swim test, respectively, 24 h later. SB 258741 (serotonin type 7 receptor antagonist) and/or LP 44 (serotonin type 7 receptor agonist) were administered intra-median raphe nucleus immediately before or after exposure to stress or before test. Control groups received intra-median raphe nucleus treatment 24 h or immediately before test in the elevated plus maze or forced swim test. Results: LP 44 attenuated restraint-induced exploratory deficits independently of the moment it was administered. Similar results were observed in the forced swim test, with the exception on post-stress condition. These effects on adaptation to stress induced by serotonin type 7 receptor activation were prevented by previous treatment with SB 258741. Conclusions: Our data support the idea that activation of median raphe nucleus serotonin 7 receptor is important to the development of adaptation to stress.

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