scholarly journals Two Treatments of Definite Descriptions in Intuitionist Negative Free Logic

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Kürbis
Keyword(s):  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Predicate Abstraction ◽  
Free Logic ◽  
Axiomatic Treatment ◽  
Two Systems

Sentences containing definite descriptions, expressions of the form `The F', can be formalised using a binary quantier that forms a formula out of two predicates, where ℩x[F;G] is read as `The F is G'. This is an innovation over the usual formalisation of definite descriptions with a term forming operator. The present paper compares the two approaches. After a brief overview of the system INF℩ of intuitionist negative free logic extended by such a quantier, which was presented in [4], INF℩ is first compared to a system of Tennant's and an axiomatic treatment of a term forming ℩ operator within intuitionist negative free logic. Both systems are shown to be equivalent to the subsystem of INF℩ in which the G of ℩x[F;G] is restricted to identity. INF℩ is then compared to an intuitionist version of a system of Lambert's which in addition to the term forming operator has an operator for predicate abstraction for indicating scope distinctions. The two systems will be shown to be equivalent through a translation between their respective languages. Advantages of the present approach over the alternatives are indicated in the discussion.

scholarly journals A Binary Quantifier for Definite Descriptions for Cut Free Free Logics

Studia Logica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Kürbis
Keyword(s):  
Classical Logic ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Sequent Calculus ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Cut Elimination ◽  
Free Logic

AbstractThis paper presents rules in sequent calculus for a binary quantifier I to formalise definite descriptions: Ix[F, G] means ‘The F is G’. The rules are suitable to be added to a system of positive free logic. The paper extends the proof of a cut elimination theorem for this system by Indrzejczak by proving the cases for the rules of I. There are also brief comparisons of the present approach to the more common one that formalises definite descriptions with a term forming operator. In the final section rules for I for negative free and classical logic are also mentioned.

Substance and first-order quantification over individual-concepts

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Free Logic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Individual Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
Ordinary Usage

An individual-concept, hereinafter “individuation”, is a function from possible worlds to individuals. Constant individuations I will call “subsistents” (the notion will presently be generalized). A “substance”, after Thomason [35], is a subsistent whose value exists for the world at hand. In the systems of quantified modal logic developed over the past twenty years, the tendency has been to restrict the range of quantifiers to substances (often represented technically by the simple individuals that would be the values of the constant individuations), while allowing constant terms (particularly descriptions) to express arbitrary individuations. One result is to invalidate unrestricted universal instantiation (and existential generalization), rather as in free logic. Such systems approximate some features of ordinary usage rather nicely, e.g. the behavior of quantifiers and definite descriptions in tensed discourse. Stalnaker and Thomason's Q3r [34], based on the latter's Q3 [35], [36], is exemplary of this approach.The suggestion has repeatedly been considered to quantify over individuations in general (Kanger [14], Kaplan [17], Hughes and Cresswell [12, p. 196], Thomason [35, p. 136], Pollock [30]).

scholarly journals A Binary Quantifier for Definite Descriptions in Intuitionist Negative Free Logic: Natural Deduction and Normalisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Nils Kürbis
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Natural Deduction ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Free Logic

This paper presents a way of formalising definite descriptions with a binary quantifier ℩, where ℩x[F, G] is read as `The F is G'. Introduction and elimination rules for ℩ in a system of intuitionist negative free logic are formulated. Procedures for removing maximal formulas of the form ℩x[F, G] are given, and it is shown that deductions in the system can be brought into normal form.

Nonhuman sequence learning findings argue against Hoerl and McCormack's two systems of temporal cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. De Corte ◽  
Edward A. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Ordinal Position ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Two Systems

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack propose that animals learn sequences through an entrainment-like process, rather than tracking the temporal addresses of each event in a given sequence. However, past research suggests that animals form “temporal maps” of sequential events and also comprehend the concept of ordinal position. These findings suggest that a clarification or qualification of the authors’ hypothesis is needed.

Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Urban ◽  
Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽  
Isabelle Signolet ◽  
Christophe Colas Ribas ◽  
Mathieu Feuilloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

A Tale of Two Systems: Trauma and Behavioral and Physical Health Status in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Youth

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erynne H. Shatto ◽  
Sarah J. Fucillo ◽  
Z. Kane Jones ◽  
James R. Stefurak ◽  
Valerie Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Two Systems

Two systems for emotional action processing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wincenciak ◽  
Jennifer Ingham ◽  
Tjeerd Jellema ◽  
Nick E. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Action Processing ◽  
Two Systems

Self-Damping Mechanism in Blood Coagulation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Nemerson ◽  
S.A Silverberg ◽  
J Jesty
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
Two Systems

SummaryTwo reactions of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, the activations of Factor X and prothrombin, have been studied in purified systems and shown to be self-damping. Factor X was activated by the tissue factor - Factor VII complex, and prothrombin by two systems: the coagulant protein of Taipan venom, and the physiological complex of activated Factor X, Factor V, lipid, and calcium ions. In each case the yield of enzyme, activated Factor X or thrombin, is a function of the concentration of activator. These and other observations are considered as a basis for a control mechanism in coagulation.

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