Growth, flowering and leaf character variation of hosta

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1092-1098
Author(s):  
H. Mehraj ◽  
K. Shimasaki
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Character ◽  
Character Variation

Floral- and leaf-character variation in waratah (Telopea speciosissima, family Proteaceae), with reference to conservation and horticultural improvement

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Offord
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Leaf Character ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Cultivated Populations

Univariate analysis (ANOVA) of waratah (Telopea speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br.) floral and leaf characters, chosen primarily for their horticultural importance, showed that there were detectable differences among populations and indicated, for most characters studied, that variation was greater among the tested natural populations than within. There were significant differences between some populations for all variables except inflorescence height. Inflorescence colour, particularly style colour, showed the greatest variation among populations and leaf margin type, leaf width and flower number were also variable. Inflorescence width, bract number, bract width, leaf length and leaf apex shape were variable within populations; however, they were less useful in distinguishing between populations. Multivariate analysis of characters (principle component analysis, PCA; or canonical variate analysis, CVA) showed unique character combinations in several of the populations studied. Natural waratah populations of this species can, therefore, be explored for unique, although subtle character variations for horticultural development. Conservation efforts should seek to maintain genetic diversity in natural populations and ensure that cultivated populations capture and maintain an appropriate level of diversity for continued selection and horticultural improvement.

Genetic analysis and gene fine mapping for a rice novel mutant (rl 9(t) ) with rolling leaf character

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjie Yan ◽  
Song Yan ◽  
Zhengqiu Zhang ◽  
Guohua Liang ◽  
Jufei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Leaf Character

scholarly journals Morphological Character of Local Irrigated Rice on Farmer Field in North Sulawesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Janne H.W. Rembang ◽  
Abdul W. Rauf ◽  
Joula O.M. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Leaf Character

<p>Local rice is a potential germplasm as a source of genes that control important properties in rice plants. The research aimed to characterize the morphological character of local rice cultivars of North Sulawesi. The research was conducted from January to June 2015 in North Sulawesi. The method used was the descriptive qualitative method. Exploration was done by collecting samples of local rice cultivars in North Sulawesi. Each cultivar was characterized its morphological characters according to the Characterization and Evaluation Guidelines of Rice Germplasm. The local rice found in North Sulawesi were 10 varieties, namely Pulo Sawah, Superwin, CK, Serwo, Pilihan, Sako, Sito Merah, Sito Putih, TB, and Serayu. There were similarities of the characters from all local rice varieties of North Sulawesi, such as culm (culm strength and culm habit), leaf character (basal leaf sheath color, leaf blade color, collar color, and auricle color), and flower character (panicle exsertion and panicle attitude of branches). The character of grain morphology was very diverse for all local rice varieties of North Sulawesi.</p>

scholarly journals Phenotypic Dimensions of Reproductive Isolation Between Northern and Melissa Blue Butterflies in the Rocky Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Zachariah Gompert
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Area ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Greater Yellowstone ◽  
Species Speciation

Biological diversity results from speciation, which generally involves the splitting of an ancestral species into descendant species due to adaptation to different niches or the evolution of reproductive incompatibilities (Coyne and Orr 2004). The diverse flora and fauna of the world, including the native inhabitants of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), exist as a result of the speciation process. The central role speciation plays in generating biological diversity imbues importance to our understanding of this process. The general importance of a thorough understanding of speciation is amplified because of the current high rates of extinction on the planet. This is because a long term solution to the present extinction crisis will require maintaining the processes that create species (speciation) not simply preventing extinction. However, many central questions regarding speciation remain to be answered. One fundamental question in speciation research is whether diverging species are isolated (i.e., prevented from interbreeding) due to differences in one, a few, or many characters and whether each of these character differences results from different alleles at a few or many genes. For example, speciation and reproductive isolation might involve divergence along multiple phenotypic axes, such as mate preference, habitat use or preference, and phenology (the timing of life-cycle events). Alternatively, isolation could result from differentiation of a single character. I propose to address this question by assessing patterns of variation for a suite of characters across a hybrid zone between two butterfly species. This is possible because patterns of character variation across hybrids zones allow for inferences about reproductive isolation (Barton and Hewitt 1985).

scholarly journals Phenotypic Dimensions of Reproductive Isolation Between Northern and Melissa Blue Butterflies in the Rocky Mountains

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Zachariah Gompert
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Area ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Greater Yellowstone ◽  
Species Speciation

Biological diversity results from speciation, which generally involves the splitting of an ancestral species into descendant species due to adaptation to different niches or the evolution of reproductive incompatibilities (Coyne and Orr 2004). The diverse flora and fauna of the world, including the native inhabitants of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), exist as a result of the speciation process. The central role speciation plays in generating biological diversity imbues importance to our understanding of this process. The general importance of a thorough understanding of speciation is amplified because of the current high rates of extinction on the planet. This is because a long term solution to the present extinction crisis will require maintaining the processes that create species (speciation) not simply preventing extinction. However, many central questions regarding speciation remain to be answered. One fundamental question in speciation research is whether diverging species are isolated (i.e., prevented from interbreeding) due to differences in one, a few, or many characters and whether each of these character differences results from different alleles at a few or many genes. For example, speciation and reproductive isolation might involve divergence along multiple phenotypic axes, such as mate preference, habitat use or preference, and phenology (the timing of life-cycle events). Alternatively, isolation could result from differentiation of a single character. I propose to address this question by assessing patterns of variation for a suite of characters across a hybrid zone between two butterfly species. This is possible because patterns of character variation across hybrids zones allow for inferences about reproductive isolation (Barton and Hewitt 1985).

Individuals, hierarchies and processes: towards a more complete evolutionary theory

Paleobiology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth S. Vrba ◽  
Niles Eldredge
Keyword(s):  
Downward Causation ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Interlevel Causation ◽  
Selection Of

Hierarchy is a central phenomenon of life. Yet it does not feature as such in traditional biological theory. The genealogical hierarchy is a nested organization of entities at ascending levels. There are phenomena common to all levels: (1) Entities such as genomic constituents, organisms, demes, and species are individuals. (2) They have aggregate characters (statistics of characters of subparts), but also emergent characters (arising from organization among subparts). Character variation changes by (3) introduction of novelty and (4) sorting by differential birth and death. Causation of introduction and sorting of variation at each level may be (5) upward from lower levels, (6) downward from higher levels, or (7) lodged at the focal level. The term “selection” applies to only one of the possible processes which cause sorting at a focal level. Neo-Darwinian explanations are too narrow, both in the levels (of genotypes and phenotypes) and in the directive process (selection) which are stressed. The acknowledgment of additional, hierarchical phenomena does not usually extend beyond lip service. We urge that interlevel causation should feature centrally in explanatory hypotheses of evolution. For instance, a ready explanation for divergence in populations is “selection of random mutants.” But upward causation from genome dynamics (or downward causation from the hierarchical organism) to the directed introduction of mutants may be more important in a given case. Similarly, a long-term trend is traditionally explained as additive evolution in populations. But sorting among species may be the cardinal factor, and the cause may not be species selection but upward causation from lower levels. A general theory of biology is a theory of hierarchical levels—how they arise and interact. This is a preliminary contribution mainly to the latter question.

Colorimetric analysis of the dorsal plumage of the red-eyed vireo (Aves: Vireonidae) in Canada

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Barlow ◽  
Nikki Williams
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Sums Of Squares ◽  
Climatic Variable ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Dominant Wavelength ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Character Variation ◽  
Recording Spectrophotometer ◽  
East West

The red-eyed vireo is widely distributed across Canada in the boreal forest. Collections were made at seven localities from central Alberta to central Quebec and potential variation in the olive-green dorsal plumage was analyzed with a recording spectrophotometer equipped with a reflectance attachment. The trichromatic coefficients x (dominant wavelength) and y (purity) and Y (the percentage luminous reflection or brightness) were subjected to an overall analysis of variance, and means were treated with Gabriel's sums of squares simultaneous test procedure. Significant differences were demonstrated among locality samples for Y and x but the STP revealed discordant variation among locality samples, i.e. no east–west clines in character variation were shown. Regressions of Y and x on precipitation were nearly significant and could suggest a weak clinal relationship between color and this climatic variable as predicted by the ecogeographic rule of Gloger.

Australian Ogeria Distant (Heteroptera : Schizopteridae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hill
Keyword(s):  
Character Variation

Ogeria Distant is redefined in comparison with Pachyplagia Gross. Thirteen species are newly described from Australia: O. spinera, O. convexicauda, O. quadridentata, O. illumata, O. obliquicauda, O. multidentata, O. dentispina, O. arcuata, O. parallela, O. bifurca, O. biprojecta, O. cavatica, and O. quadrivenata. The species are keyed. The occurrence of Ogeria outside Australia is outlined. A cryptic arboreal inquiline niche is suggested. Character variation in the genus is discussed.

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