IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN ARKHANGELSK

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Y. V. Ostankova ◽  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
E. B. Zueva ◽  
A. A. Totolian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus

Aim. To estimate the prevalence and characterize the hepatitis B virus among HIV-infected patients with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy in Arkhangelsk. Material and methods. HBV markers determinations (HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBcor IgG, DNA HBV) were performed in isolates from blood plasma samples 64 HIV-infected patients with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy (viral load >50 IU / ml after 6 months of antiretroviral therapy or an increase in viral load after primary suppression of viral replication). For the detection of the hepatitis B virus, nucleic acids were isolated using the commercial kit «AmplePrime Ribo-prep». The virus presence analysis was performing by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with hybridization-fluorescence detection in “real time” using the commercial set of «AmpliSens® HBV-FL». In the future, we used the method developed by the Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, which allows detecting HBV in biological material with a low viral load. Results. HBsAg-negative (occult) HBV was detect in 28 (43.8%) HIV-infected patients. Only HBV genotype D was detected, and the HBV subgenotype D1 prevailed (39.3%) compared with the HBV subgenotype D2 (32.1%) and D3 (28.6%). Serological markers in 42.8% of patients with HBV DNA were founding. Two HBV isolates with drug resistance mutations in the polymerase gene, leaded to amino acid substitutions (L180M, M204V) associated with the resistance development to lamivudine, entecavir, telbivudine and tenofovir were identifying. Conclusion. The occult (HBsAg-negative) HBV high prevalence among HIV-infected patients suggests the need to use molecular-biological diagnostic methods to identify HBV, as well as to analyze the HBV drug resistance mutation before starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV.

An Evaluation of Hepatitis B Virus Diagnostic Methods and Responses to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Women in Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James Peters ◽  
Janet M. McNicholl ◽  
Boonyos Raengsakulrach ◽  
Punneeporn Wasinrapee ◽  
Famui Mueanpai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B Virus Drug Resistance in HIV-1–Infected Patients Taking Lamivudine-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawinee Wongprasit ◽  
Weerawat Manosuthi ◽  
Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul ◽  
Somnuek Sungkanuparph
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Profiles of mutations in hepatitis B virus surface and polymerase genes isolated from treatment-naïve Nigerians infected with genotype E

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde A. Olusola ◽  
Adedayo O. Faneye ◽  
Olukunle O. Oluwasemowo ◽  
Babatunde O. Motayo ◽  
Sopeju Adebayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Occult Infection ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Genotype E

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV genotype E (HBV/E) is the predominant genotype in West Africa and has been linked epidemiologically with chronic and occult HBV infections as well as development of HCC. Mutations in the surface and polymerase genes of HBV have been associated with occult infection, drug resistance, vaccine escape, as well as HCC. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. There is limited data on the occurrence and patterns of mutations associated with occult infection, drug resistance, vaccine escape and HCC for HBV/E. Aim. This study characterized amino acid (aa) substitutions in the major hydrophilic (MHR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions of the surface and polymerase genes respectively of HBV sequences from a group of Nigerians with genotype E infection. The CpG islands of the PreC/C and PreS/S regions of these sequences were also described. Methodology. HBV surface and polymerase genes were detected using PCR techniques. Occurrence of new and previously described mutations in these genes were analysed using phylogenetic techniques. Results. Overall 13 HBV isolates were each sequenced for polymerase and surface genes mutations. Thirteen and nine PreS/S and PreC/C HBV genes respectively were analysed for CpG islands. Mutations in the MHR and a-determinants region of the S protein were discovered in eleven and nine of the 13 tested isolates respectively. These mutations were concomitant with aa changes in the RT functional domains of the isolates. Mutations associated with vaccine escape, occult infection and poor HCC prognosis were identified in HBV/E isolated in this study. Furthermore, all the isolates had at least one putative nucleotide analogue resistance mutations. Drug resistance mutations had the highest association with CpG islands. Conclusion. The results of this study contribute to further understanding of HBV variability in Nigeria and the West African region. This will aid the planning of adequate HBV immunization and treatment programmes for the countries in the region.

scholarly journals High Rates of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Motswedi Anderson ◽  
Ivayla Gyurova ◽  
Lilliam Ambroggio ◽  
Sikhulile Moyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Abstract Background Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative but hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA-positive infection—known as occult hepatitis B infection (OBI)—occurs in 1% to >15% of HIV-positive individuals in the United States and South Africa, respectively. However, there are no data on OBI from Botswana, a country known to be hyperendemic for chronic HBV infection and to have a significant HIV burden. Methods Two hundred seventy-two adults enrolled in an HIV treatment study of tenofovir/emtricitabine as the nucleoside backbone who were previously determined to be HBsAg negative were tested for HBV DNA at baseline and 1 year after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results HBV DNA was detected in 72 of 272 (26.5%). Six individuals (8.3%) had HBV DNA levels greater than 200 IU/mL, and the highest viral load was 3280 IU/mL. Of 65 participants with OBI evaluated at 12 months after initiating HAART, only 1 (1.5%) had detectable HBV DNA. Conclusions Occult HBV infection is quite common in HIV-infected patients in Botswana, although its impact on the course of HIV disease progression is unknown. The suppression of occult HBV DNA levels by tenofovir/emtricitabine suggests an effective therapeutic option, although the long-term suppressive abilities remain unstudied.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overt and occult hepatitis B virus infections among 135 haemodialysis patients attending a haemodialysis centre at Al-Nasiriyah city, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslim Dhahr Musa ◽  
Hekmat Kadhum Ateya
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among haemodialysis (HD) patients has been well documented. In addition to overt infection, occult Hepatitis B infection exists in which a patient who is diagnosed seronegative for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) shows positive HBV-DNA on using more accurate molecular methods. This study aims to determine the prevalence of overt and occult HBV infection among the HD patients who had attended Al-Nasiriyah dialysis centre during a two-month period. Materials and Methods: Serological qualitative detection of HBsAg by rapid test (strips), enzyme immunoassay (EIA, HBsAg) and molecular (real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR)) was conducted for quantitative detection of HBV in HD patients’ serum. Results: The prevalence of overt HBV infection among HD patients was 3.7%. The viral load of HBV positive patients was ranging from 5.85 × 101 to 2.16 × 106 copies/ml of serum with median (7.4 × 105 copies/ml). Occult Hepatitis B was not detected in any of the seronegative HD patients (0%). Overt infection was found more in males (80%) than females (20%) (P<0.05). Similarly, infection was found to be higher among patients who had blood transfusions (80%) than those who had not (20%) with statistical significant p<0.05. Although not statistically significant, the mean duration of HD was higher among HBV positive HD patients (17.6) than HBV negative HD patients (14.3). A dual infection of HBV and HCV was not detected in this study. Conclusion: Nosocomial transmissions at HD centres and blood transfusion are important risk factors. Besides serological screening, real-time PCR offers a safeguard against the spread of overt and occult HBV infection and determines the viral load of the positive patients.

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