Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions and Insomnia: Associations Among a Treatment-Seeking Veteran Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Raines ◽  
C. Laurel Franklin ◽  
Michele N. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Unselected Sample ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Clinically Significant

Sleep disturbances are a prevalent and pernicious correlate of most emotional disorders. A growing body of literature has recently found evidence for an association between sleep disturbances and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Though informative, this link has yet to be explored in a veteran population. Further, the degree to which this relationship is accounted for by relevant third variables is limited. The current study investigated the relationship between self-reported insomnia and OCD symptoms after controlling for probable depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using an unselected sample of veterans (N = 57). Most of the sample reported clinically significant OCD (61%) and insomnia symptoms (58%). Results revealed associations between insomnia and OCD unacceptable thoughts/neutralizing compulsions, but not contamination obsessions/washing compulsions, responsibility for harm obsessions/checking compulsions, or symmetry obsessions/ordering compulsions. Findings highlight the need for more research on OCD and sleep problems and clinical work focused on sleep for patients reporting increased OCD symptoms, particularly veterans.

Understanding the Emotional Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
Michael W. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Understanding the Emotional Disorders: A Symptom-Based Approach examines replicable symptom dimensions contained within five adjacent diagnostic classes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: depressive disorders, bipolar and related disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. It reviews several problems and limitations associated with traditional, diagnosis-based approaches to studying psychopathology, and it establishes the theoretical and clinical value of analyzing specific types of symptoms within the emotional disorders. It demonstrates that several of these disorders—most notably, major depression, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder—contain multiple symptom dimensions that clearly can be differentiated from one another. Moreover, these symptom dimensions are highly robust and generalizable and can be identified in multiple types of data, including self-ratings, semistructured interviews, and clinicians’ ratings. Furthermore, individual symptom dimensions often have strikingly different correlates, such as varying levels of criterion validity and diagnostic specificity. It concludes with the development of a more comprehensive, symptom-based model that subsumes various forms of psychopathology—including sleep disturbances, eating- and weight-related problems, personality pathology, psychosis/thought disorder, and hypochondriasis—beyond the emotional disorders.

Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Tourette Syndrome: What is Known and What is Still Unknown

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Oksenberg
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Impaired Sleep

Background: Most of the patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) present additional comorbidities. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are the most common. Sleep Disorder has been suggested also as common comorbidity. Objective: To review the literature on sleep characteristics and sleep disorder in patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS), with emphasis on the contribution of specific co-morbidities to the severity of impaired sleep and life quality of the patients. Results: In general, sleep problems are not frequent at the age when tics appear which are estimated to affect about 10 % of these children. In severe cases, tics appear in all sleep stages. In a large study, the prevalence of sleep problems was 17.8% but was 12 % in “TS-only” (9.4% in children and 7.5 in adults) compared to 22% in children and 18% in adults with TS+ADHD. Unfortunately, in most of the studies, the characteristics of these “sleep problems” are not defined. In spite of the scarcity of data, the two main sleep disorders in TS patients are insomnia and parasomnias. Although much more data is needed, many TS subjects are sleep deprived (which exacerbate the tics) and may suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, which negatively affects normal functioning. Conclusions: Although the literature is not conclusive, children and adolescents with TS appear to suffer more from sleep disturbances and sleep disorders than age-matched controls. Not all patients have tics during sleep, but in severe cases, tics may appear in all sleep stages. It is clear that when patients present both TS and ADHD, (a very common condition), the sleep difficulties are related mainly to ADHD. Much more research is warranted in all aspects of sleep and sleep disorders in TS.

Examination of a Bifactor Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunmi O. Olatunji ◽  
Chad Ebesutani ◽  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
General Dimension ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

Although obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms are observed along four dimensions (contamination, responsibility for harm, order/symmetry, and unacceptable thoughts), the structure of the dimensions remains unclear. The current study evaluated a bifactor model of OC symptoms among those with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The goals were (a) to evaluate if OC symptoms should be conceptualized as unidimensional or whether distinct dimensions should be interpreted and (b) to use structural equation modeling to examine the convergence of the OC dimensions above and beyond a general dimension with related criteria. Results revealed that a bifactor model fit the data well and that OC symptoms were influenced by a general dimension and by four dimensions. Measurement invariance of the bifactor model was also supported among those with and without OCD. However, the general OC dimension accounted for only half of the variability in OC symptoms, with the remaining variability accounted for by distinct dimensions. Despite evidence of multidimensionality, the dimensions were unreliable after covarying for the general OC dimension. However, the four dimensions did significantly converge with a latent OC spectrum factor above and beyond the general OC dimension. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing the structure of OCD are discussed.

The Relationships Between Obsessive–Compulsive Symptom Dimensions and Cognitions in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasios Brakoulias ◽  
Vladan Starcevic ◽  
David Berle ◽  
Denise Milicevic ◽  
Anthony Hannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom

Examining the Relationships Between Perfectionism and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions Among Rural Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Raines ◽  
Michele N. Carroll ◽  
Brittany M. Mathes ◽  
C. Laurel Franklin ◽  
Nicholas P. Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Individual Difference Variable ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Probable Depression ◽  
Unique Association

Perfectionism, a trait-like individual difference variable reflecting the tendency to set extremely high standards along with critical evaluations of one's own behavior, has long been regarded as a risk and maintenance factor for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, research exploring the relationship between these constructs is mixed. One explanation for these equivocal findings is the heterogeneous nature of OCD. Indeed, there is increasing evidence for distinct symptom dimensions that are more homogenous than the broad OCD phenotype. The current study examined the associations between self-reported perfectionism and OCD symptom dimensions controlling for probable depression status. The sample included 67 rural veterans. Results revealed a unique association between perfectionism and the unacceptable thoughts dimension of OCD. These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature demonstrating that OCD symptom dimensions have unique underlying dysfunctional beliefs.

What is the Optimal Way to Subdivide Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice de Mathis ◽  
Juliana Belo Diniz ◽  
Maria Conceição do Rosário ◽  
Albina R. Torres ◽  
Marcelo Hoexter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Heuristic Strategies ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Patient Subgroups

ABSTRACTThe clinical presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) varies not only across patients but over the course of the disorder. This diversity indicates that OCD is a heterogeneous disorder, which may have an important impact on psychopathological, longitudinal, genetic, and treatment research. To better understand OCD heterogeneity, more homogeneous phenotypic descriptions are necessary to delimiting clinically meaningful subgroups of patients. Besides phenotypic descriptions, another method of delimiting OCD patient subgroups includes the search for endophenotypes (extended phenotypes) based on neurophysiological, immunological, genetic, neuropsychological, or neuroanatomic (neuroimaging) paradigms. This article will describe some strategies that deal with OCD heterogeneity, including the identification of more homogeneous phenotypical categories, an improved understanding of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions and how to use them as quantitative traits, and broadening the diagnostic boundaries of OCD to include other related conditions. The relevance and limitations of each approach are also discussed. Since the etiological mechanisms associated with the expressions of OCD are unknown, there is probably not one but several heuristic strategies to search for more homogeneous OCD subgroup, that combined may provide the most fruitful results.

scholarly journals Thought-Action Fusion as Predictors of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1226-1235
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Seung Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Thought Action Fusion

Objective There have been several studies investigating the relationships between dysfunctional beliefs and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, studies about the relationships between dysfunctional beliefs, especially thought-action fusion (TAF), and OC symptom dimensions have been scarce. Therefore, this study examined to what extent and how TAF subcomponents account for unique variability in four OC symptom dimensions.Methods Sixty-five patients with OCD and 45 healthy controls aged between 18 and 30 years completed measures for OC symptom dimensions, OC symptoms, and dysfunctional beliefs such as TAF, trait-guilt, and inflated responsibility.Results Three facets of TAF were exclusively associated with two symptom domains, namely, responsibility for harm and unacceptable thoughts, and explained the additional but small amount of variance to predict these two domains. In particular, the likelihood-others TAF positively predicted the unacceptable thoughts domain, whereas the likelihood-self TAF negatively predicted the aforementioned domain. For OC symptoms measured by the OC Inventory, no TAF components predicted the corresponding obsessing and mental neutralizing symptoms.Conclusion This study provides supporting evidence that the three TAF subcomponents may be differently associated with certain OC symptom dimensions, and a dimensional approach may complement typical symptom-oriented OC measures.

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