Understanding the Emotional Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
Michael W. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Understanding the Emotional Disorders: A Symptom-Based Approach examines replicable symptom dimensions contained within five adjacent diagnostic classes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: depressive disorders, bipolar and related disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. It reviews several problems and limitations associated with traditional, diagnosis-based approaches to studying psychopathology, and it establishes the theoretical and clinical value of analyzing specific types of symptoms within the emotional disorders. It demonstrates that several of these disorders—most notably, major depression, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder—contain multiple symptom dimensions that clearly can be differentiated from one another. Moreover, these symptom dimensions are highly robust and generalizable and can be identified in multiple types of data, including self-ratings, semistructured interviews, and clinicians’ ratings. Furthermore, individual symptom dimensions often have strikingly different correlates, such as varying levels of criterion validity and diagnostic specificity. It concludes with the development of a more comprehensive, symptom-based model that subsumes various forms of psychopathology—including sleep disturbances, eating- and weight-related problems, personality pathology, psychosis/thought disorder, and hypochondriasis—beyond the emotional disorders.

The Underlying Nature and Structure of the Emotional Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
Michael W. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Low Prevalence

This chapter examines the nature and structure of the emotional disorders, which include five adjacent diagnostic classes within the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. It reviews the pervasive problem of comorbidity—that is, the co-occurrence of two or more disorders within the same person—that characterizes these disorders, and it discusses several influential models (including the tripartite model and the integrative hierarchical model) that have been developed to account for these data. It then examines several problems associated with diagnosis-based approaches to psychopathology; these include hierarchical exclusion rules, low prevalence rates, diagnostic unreliability, and the heterogeneity of many disorders. Finally, it proposes an alternative approach to studying psychopathology, namely, examining the specific symptom dimensions that make up the major syndromes within the emotional disorders.

OCD in Women: Diagnosis and Magnitude

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Pigott
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Area Survey ◽  
The Individual

Key Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) include the presence of either obsessions or compulsions, some recognition by the individual that their symptoms are excessive or irrational (except in children), duration of at least 1 hour/day, and association with marked distress or functional impairment. OCD patients report that somatic, religious, and sexual obsessions as well as those concerning contamination, aggression, symmetry, and hoarding are most common. The most frequent compulsions reported in OCD patients involve checking, cleaning, counting, repeating, and hoarding behaviors. Factor analyses of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) symptom checklist have also identified five primary symptom dimensions: aggression/checking; contamination/cleaning; symmetry/repeating, counting, or ordering rituals; hoarding; and a sexual/religious symptom dimension.Results from a large, 2-year prospective study suggest that symptoms of adult OCD are much more stable than previously thought, with any changes more likely to occur within, rather than between the symptom dimensions. Prevalence estimates based on the Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey and the Cross-National OCD Collaborative Group study indicate a worldwide lifetime prevalence rate for OCD of 2% to 3%. Females have a slightly higher risk (1.5 times) for OCD (Slide I). OCD onset is relatively early, generally during adolescence or young adulthood. The clinical course of OCD is generally chronic and complicated by comorbidities.

Neuroanatomy of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Odile A. van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Neural Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shares features and often co-occurs with other anxiety disorders, as well as with other psychiatric conditions classified elsewhere in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), the so-called “OCD spectrum disorders.” Neurobiologically, it is unclear how all these disorders relate to one another. The picture is further complicated by the clinical heterogeneity of OCD. This chapter will review the literature on the common and distinct neural correlates of OCD vis-à-vis other anxiety and “OCD spectrum” disorders. Furthermore, the question of whether partially distinct neural systems subserve the different symptom dimensions of OCD will be examined. Particular attention will be paid to hoarding, which is emerging as a distinct entity from OCD. Finally, new insights from cognitive and affective neuroscience will be reviewed before concluding with a summary and recommendations for future research.

Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions and Insomnia: Associations Among a Treatment-Seeking Veteran Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Raines ◽  
C. Laurel Franklin ◽  
Michele N. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Unselected Sample ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptom ◽  
Clinically Significant

Sleep disturbances are a prevalent and pernicious correlate of most emotional disorders. A growing body of literature has recently found evidence for an association between sleep disturbances and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Though informative, this link has yet to be explored in a veteran population. Further, the degree to which this relationship is accounted for by relevant third variables is limited. The current study investigated the relationship between self-reported insomnia and OCD symptoms after controlling for probable depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using an unselected sample of veterans (N = 57). Most of the sample reported clinically significant OCD (61%) and insomnia symptoms (58%). Results revealed associations between insomnia and OCD unacceptable thoughts/neutralizing compulsions, but not contamination obsessions/washing compulsions, responsibility for harm obsessions/checking compulsions, or symmetry obsessions/ordering compulsions. Findings highlight the need for more research on OCD and sleep problems and clinical work focused on sleep for patients reporting increased OCD symptoms, particularly veterans.

Hoarding Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Hoarding disorder is characterized by an obsessive need to acquire, collect, or keep possessions and difficulty in organizing and discarding, resulting in accumulation of clutter, which elicits great concern from family and friends. Functioning is usually impaired in a variety of domains. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the disorder most closely associated with hoarding. Overvalued ideation regarding the value or usefulness of possessions may make it impossible for individuals to discard items. This review contains 1 table, and 22 references. Key words: clutter, diagnostic and statistical manual, etiology, hoarding, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

scholarly journals Síndrome de koro associado a transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: caso clínico e breve revisão

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Liliana Silva ◽  
Pedro Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

RESUMO A síndrome de koro é uma síndrome psiquiátrica ligada à cultura, que se caracteriza por um episódio de ansiedade súbito e intenso relacionado com a crença de que o pênis (nas mulheres, mamilos e grandes lábios) estar a retrair-se para o interior do organismo, podendo conduzir à impotência, esterilidade e, eventualmente, morte. É mais frequente nos países do Sudoeste Asiático e no sexo masculino. No Ocidente é rara, embora existam descrições de koro-like secundárias a perturbações neurológicas, psiquiátricas ou orgânicas. No Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 é classificada como um “Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo e transtornos relacionados com outra especificação”. Este artigo descreve um caso raro de um doente com síndrome de koro secundária a um transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo. Neste artigo, apresenta-se a descrição de um caso clínico e revisão bibliográfica, com base na pesquisa de artigos publicados, desde 2000, no PubMed, com as palavras-chave: “koro syndrome”, “obsessive-compulsive disorder” e “koro-like symptoms”. Analisaram-se alguns artigos anteriores ao ano 2000 para contextualização histórica. Doente com síndrome de koro secundária a transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, com boa resposta à terapia farmacológica associada à terapia cognitivo-comportamental. O conhecimento desse diagnóstico e da sua gestão clínica é importante para identificar as condições subjacentes e otimizar o tratamento.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Insight Into

Body dysmorphic disorder requires obsessional thoughts regarding a perceived defect in appearance and/or compulsive behavior that develop in response to those thoughts. Individuals experience clinically significant impairment because of their appearance concerns. Body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder have many similarities, including phenomenologic features, comorbidities, and underlying pathophysiology. Insight into the excessiveness or irrationality of their beliefs varies from good to delusional. Many individuals with body dysmorphic disorder present with comorbid suicidal ideation and substance use disorders. This review contains 1 table, and 30 references. Key words: body dysmorphic disorder, diagnostic and statistical manual, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

Assessment of Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Concerned Significant Others

Co-occurring disorders (CODs) refers to the occurrence of both a substance use disorder (SUD) and a psychiatric disorder, such as mood disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. This chapter reviews the prevalence, patterns, and effects of CODs. Next, the relationships between psychiatric disorders and SUDs, challenges for practitioners, and types and causes of psychiatric disorders are discussed. The chapter continues with the process of conducting a comprehensive and thorough assessment using the format of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The authors also discuss the importance of conveying assessment findings to the client and/or family and concerned significant others, as well as getting the client to accept help.

Prevalence of Psychotic Disorders in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieuwe de Haan ◽  
Christine Dudek-Hodge ◽  
Yolanda Verhoeven ◽  
Damiaan Denys
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Clinical Characteristic

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders has been increasingly recognized. However, the rate of psychosis comorbidity in OCD patients has yet to be systematically evaluated.Methods: The prevalence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition psychotic disorders was evaluated in 757 subjects consecutively referred to a specialised diagnostic and treatment facility for OCD. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed.Results: Thirteen OCD patients (1.7%) also met the DSM-IV criteria for a psychotic disorder. We found no significant differences in clinical characteristic between OCD patients with and without a psychotic disorder, although patients with OCD and a psychotic disorder more likely used illicit substances and more likely were male.Conclusion: Relatively few patients referred to a specialized treatment OCD center suffer from a psychotic disorder.

scholarly journals Nosographic considerations on obsessive-compulsive disorder occurring exclusively during the menstrual phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Laaraj ◽  
◽  
Mina Ouhamou ◽  
Omar El Omari ◽  
Jalal Doufik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the menstrual cycle and mood disturbances has been described in the literature and is linked to changes in the secretion of sex hormones. Rare studies have reported the exacerbation of obsessions during menstruation, while no case reports the onset of premenstrual Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Nosographically, obsessive symptoms are not part of premenstrual syndrome, and no specification of the menstrual cycle for obsessive disorders was mentioned in DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). We report a 39-year-old patient followed for panic disorder since adolescence, and who currently presents for obsessive symptoms that meet the diagnostic criteria for an obsessive-compulsive disorder, and which have the particularity of occurring exclusively during menstruation. Our case emphasizes the importance of establishing a new nosographic framework that takes into account the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to the menstrual cycle. Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; menstruation cycle; nosography.

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