Development of a Screen for Ongoing Intimate Partner Violence

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve J. Weiss ◽  
Amy A. Ernst ◽  
Elaine Cham ◽  
Todd G. Nick
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Spouse Abuse ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Survey Tool

A five-question Ongoing Abuse Screen (OAS) was developed to evaluate ongoing intimate partner violence. Our hypothesis was that the OAS was more accurate and more likely to reflect ongoing intimate partner violence than the AAS when compared to the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA). The survey included the ISA, the OAS, and the AAS. During the busiest emergency department hours, a sampling of 856 patients completed all aspects of the survey tool. Comparisons were made between the two scales and the ISA. The accuracy, positive predictive value, and positive likelihood ratio were 84%, 58%, and 6.0 for the OAS and 59%, 33%, and 2.0 for the AAS. The OAS was more accurate, had a better positive predictive value, and was three times more likely to detect victims of ongoing intimate partner violence than the AAS. Because the OAS was still not accurate enough, we developed a new screen, based on the ISA, titled the Ongoing Violence Assessment Tool (OVAT).

Detecting Ongoing Intimate Partner Violence in the Emergency Department Using a Simple 4-Question Screen: The OVAT

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy A. Ernst ◽  
Steven J. Weiss ◽  
Elaine Cham ◽  
Louise Hall ◽  
Todd G. Nick
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Spouse Abuse ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Prospective Survey ◽  
Brief Screening ◽  
Urban Emergency Department

We wanted to prospectively evaluate the use of a brief screening tool for ongoing intimate partner violence (IPV), the OVAT, and to validate this tool against the present Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA). The design was a prospective survey during randomized 4-hour shifts in an urban emergency department setting. The scale consists of four questions developed based on our previous work. The ISA was compared as the gold standard for detection of present (ongoing) IPV. Of 362 eligible patients presenting during 75 randomized 4-hour shifts, 306 (85%) completed the study. The prevalence of ongoing IPV using the OVAT was 31% (95% CI 26% to 36%). For the ISA, the prevalence was 20% (95% CI 16% to 25%). Compared with the ISA, the sensitivity of the OVAT in detecting ongoing IPV was 86%, specificity 83%, negative predictive value 96%, positive predictive value 56%, with an accuracy of 84%. In conclusion, four brief questions can detect ongoing IPV to aid in identifying the victim.

scholarly journals “Validation of a Cyberbullying Questionnaire as a Screening Tool for Other Forms of Intimate-Partner Violence Towards Young Women”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Hernández-García ◽  
Myrian Pichiule Castañeda ◽  
Luisa Lasheras Lozano ◽  
Marisa Pires Alcaide ◽  
María Ordobás Gavín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Validity Indices ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Abstract Fundamentals:The use of electronic media is widespread among young people and is a potential tool for the perpetration of intimate-partner violence (IPV) towards women. The aim of this study is to validate two questions focused on harassment and control by electronic tools (HCE-2) as a screening tool for the detection of IPV in young women.Methodology:The data source was the third Community of Madrid IPV survey in 2014. The screening tool consisted of two questions with five possible answers prepared by a group of experts. The gold-standard definition of IPV was that of a questionnaire of 26 questions. The validity indices (with 95% confidence intervals) were compared between two age groups: 18-24 and 25-29 years.Results:The response rate was 68.7%, and 477 surveys were analyzed. The prevalence of IPV was 10.7% (95% CI: 8.2-13.8). HCE-2 was positive in 5.9% (95% CI: 4.1-8.4). The overall efficiency of the test was 93.5% (95% CI: 91.1-96.7), sensitivity 47.1% (95% CI: 33.7-60.8), specificity 99.1% (95% CI: 97.5-99.6), and positive predictive value 85.7% (95% CI: 67.1-94.6). The best validity indices of the questionnaire were observed in women aged 18 to 24 years: overall efficiency of the test 95.1% (95% CI: 92.6-97.7), sensitivity 62.5% (95% CI: 44.5-77.6), specificity 99.6% (95% CI: 97.0-99.9), and positive predictive value 95.2% (95% CI: 71.7-99.4).Conclusions:The existing need to improve the detection of IPV in young women and the good validity indices observed here justify the recommendation of the HCE-2 questionnaire as a screening tool in young women.

The Clinical and Radiological Examination of Acute Intimate Partner Violence Injuries: A Retrospective Analysis of an Italian Cohort of Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Matteoli ◽  
Daria Piacentino ◽  
Georgios D. Kotzalidis ◽  
Daniele Serata ◽  
Chiara Rapinesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Italian Cohort

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most frequent type of violence against women. We compared clinical and radiological IPV characteristics to stranger assault (SA). Methods: We retrospectively identified 123 women with IPV from court reports and matched them to 124 SA. Clinical and radiological characteristics were evaluated by testing their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for IPV, and the strength of their association with IPV. Results: IPV women referred with more delay to the emergency department (ED), had more ED accesses, and showed more mismatch between reports to the triage and disclosures to the ED physician. They also displayed more head, neck, and face injuries, and new-plus-old fractures. Conclusion: The identification of specific features may help ED physicians to suspect IPV.

scholarly journals “Validation of a cyberbullying questionnaire as a screening tool for other forms of intimate-partner violence towards young women”

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Hernández García ◽  
Myrian Pichiule Castañeda ◽  
Luisa Lasheras Lozano ◽  
Marisa Pires Alcaide ◽  
María Ordobás Gavín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Validity Indices ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Abstract Background The use of electronic media is widespread among young people and is a potential tool for the perpetration of intimate-partner violence (IPV) towards women. The aim of this study is to validate two questions focused on harassment and control by electronic tools (HCE-2) as a screening tool for the detection of IPV in young women. Methods The data source was the third Community of Madrid IPV survey in 2014. The screening tool consisted of two questions with five possible answers prepared by a group of experts. As the gold standard we used the definition of intimate partner violence based on a 26- question survey. The validity indices (with 95% confidence intervals) were compared between two age groups: 18–24 and 25–29 years. Results Six hundred ninty-four women were sampled. The response rate was 68.7%, and 477 surveys were analyzed. The prevalence of IPV was 10.7% (95% CI: 8.2–13.8). HCE-2 was positive in 5.9% (95% CI: 4.1–8.4). The overall efficiency of the test was 93.5% (95% CI: 91.1–96.7), sensitivity 47.1% (95% CI: 33.7–60.8), specificity 99.1% (95% CI: 97.5–99.6), and positive predictive value 85.7% (95% CI: 67.1–94.6). The best validity indices of the questionnaire were observed in women aged 18 to 24 years: overall efficiency of the test 95.1% (95% CI: 92.6–97.7), sensitivity 62.5% (95% CI: 44.5–77.6), specificity 99.6% (95% CI: 97.0–99.9), and positive predictive value 95.2% (95% CI: 71.7–99.4). Conclusions The existing need to improve the detection of IPV in young women and the good validity indices observed here justify the recommendation of the HCE-2 questionnaire as a screening tool in young women.

Identifying children at high risk for infection-related decompensation using a predictive emergency department-based electronic assessment tool

Diagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Sepanski ◽  
Arno L. Zaritsky ◽  
Sandip A. Godambe
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Electronic Assessment ◽  
Ed Visits

AbstractObjectivesElectronic alert systems to identify potential sepsis in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) often either alert too frequently or fail to detect earlier stages of decompensation where timely treatment might prevent serious outcomes.MethodsWe created a predictive tool that continuously monitors our hospital’s electronic health record during ED visits. The tool incorporates new standards for normal/abnormal vital signs based on data from ∼1.2 million children at 169 hospitals. Eighty-two gold standard (GS) sepsis cases arising within 48 h were identified through retrospective chart review of cases sampled from 35,586 ED visits during 2012 and 2014–2015. An additional 1,027 cases with high severity of illness (SOI) based on 3 M’s All Patient Refined – Diagnosis-Related Groups (APR-DRG) were identified from these and 26,026 additional visits during 2017. An iterative process assigned weights to main factors and interactions significantly associated with GS cases, creating an overall “score” that maximized the sensitivity for GS cases and positive predictive value for high SOI outcomes.ResultsTool implementation began August 2017; subsequent improvements resulted in 77% sensitivity for identifying GS sepsis within 48 h, 22.5% positive predictive value for major/extreme SOI outcomes, and 2% overall firing rate of ED patients. The incidence of high-severity outcomes increased rapidly with tool score. Admitted alert positive patients were hospitalized nearly twice as long as alert negative patients.ConclusionsOur ED-based electronic tool combines high sensitivity in predicting GS sepsis, high predictive value for physiologic decompensation, and a low firing rate. The tool can help optimize critical treatments for these high-risk children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document