scholarly journals Multiple-baseline analysis of a token economy for psychiatric inpatients.

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Nelson ◽  
J D Cone
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Multiple Baseline

Modification of The Behaviours of Delinquent Youths in a Token Economy: Lentara Project

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Karen Weir ◽  
Dennis Ford
Keyword(s):  
Token Economy ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Baseline Design

The study was carried out at a community-based treatment facility which utilizes Teaching-Family Programmes for the rehabilitation of delinquent youths. The purpose of the experiment was to monitor the effect of the token economy used in the Teaching-Family Programme on selected social and maintenance behaviours in two of the youths at the home. A multiple baseline design was used and modification of all the behaviours under study was demonstrated.

Reducing Inappropriate Behaviour in the Home with a Token Economy

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
K.E. Rustab ◽  
T.F. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Token Economy ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Spelling Performance ◽  
Academic Responding

The effects of a token program implemented in the home by a teacher were examined. The effects of a home token program were evaluated using a multiple baseline design across reading, spelling and handwriting lessons while disruptive behaviour was recorded. The results indicated that inappropriate behaviours decreased when the token program was implemented. Follow-up data indicated some increase in inappropriate behaviours. Spelling performance was higher in the student's classroom during the token program in the home than during baseline. This indicated some generalisation from the home token program to academic responding in the classroom.

scholarly journals Comparing the Minimum Celeration Line and the Beat Your Personal Best Goal-Setting Approaches During the Mathematical Practice of Students Diagnosed with Autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Vostanis ◽  
Ciara Padden ◽  
Aoife McTiernan ◽  
Peter E. Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Mathematical Practice ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Teaching Literature ◽  
Alternating Treatments Design ◽  
Control Instruction ◽  
Adapted Alternating Treatments Design

AbstractThis study compared two goal-setting approaches found in the Precision Teaching literature, namely the minimum celeration line and the beat your personal best during the mathematical practice of three male students diagnosed with autism, aged 8–9. An adapted alternating treatments design with a control condition was embedded in a concurrent multiple baseline across participants design. Each approach was randomly allocated to either the multiplication/division (×÷) table of 18 or 19, while no approach was allocated to the ×÷14 table that acted as a control. Instruction utilized number families and consisted of (a) untimed practice, (b) frequency-building, (c) performance criteria, (d) graphing, and (e) a token economy. Upon practice completion, an assessment of maintenance, endurance, stability, and application (MESA) was conducted. Participants improved with both conditions and maintained their performance well, while improvements with the control condition were weak. The beat your personal best approach was highlighted as slightly more effective in terms of average performance and more efficient in terms of timings needed to achieve criterion. No differences were identified in terms of learning rate (i.e., celeration) or performance on the MESA. More research is warranted to identify which goal-setting procedure is more appropriate for students in special education.

Effects of Phonological Decoding Training on Children's Word Recognition of CVC, CV, and VC Structures

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyatta O. Rivers ◽  
Linda J. Lombardino ◽  
Cynthia K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Phonological Decoding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Letter Sound

The effects of training in letter-sound correspondences and phonemic decoding (segmenting and blending skills) on three kindergartners' word recognition abilities were examined using a single-subject multiple-baseline design across behaviors and subjects. Whereas CVC pseudowords were trained, generalization to untrained CVC pseudowords, untrained CVC real words, untrained CV and VC pseudowords, and untrained CV and VC real words were assessed. Generalization occurred to all of the untrained constructions for two of the three subjects. The third subject did not show the same degree of generalization to VC pseudowords and real words; however, after three training sessions, this subject read all VC constructions with 100% accuracy. Findings are consistent with group training studies that have shown the benefits of decoding training on word recognition and spelling skills and with studies that have demonstrated the effects of generalization to less complex structures when more complex structures are trained.

Substance Abuse in Older Psychiatric Inpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Wetterling ◽  
Klaus Junghanns
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Severe Withdrawal ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Multiple Substance ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders

Abstract. Aim: This study investigates the characteristics of older patients with substance abuse disorders admitted to a psychiatric department serving about 250.000 inhabitants. Methods: The clinical diagnoses were made according to ICD-10. The data of the patients with substance abuse were compared to a matched sample of psychiatric inpatients without substance abuse as well as to a group of former substance abusers with long-term abstinence. Results: 19.3 % of the 941 patients aged > 65 years showed current substance abuse, 9.4 % consumed alcohol, 7.9 % took benzodiazepines or z-drugs (zolpidem and zopiclone), and 7.0 % smoked tobacco. Multiple substance abuse was rather common (30.8 %). About 85 % of the substance abusers had psychiatric comorbidity, and about 30 % showed severe withdrawal symptoms. As with the rest of the patients, somatic multimorbidity was present in about 70 % of the substance abusers. Remarkable was the lower rate of dementia in current substance abusers. Conclusion: These results underscore that substance abuse is still a challenge in the psychiatric inpatient treatment of older people.

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