scholarly journals Differentiation of apomictic and sexual genotypes of Brachiaria spp., using molecular markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Jaime Pblete-Vargas ◽  
Ernestina Valadez-Moctezuma ◽  
Gabino García-de los Santos ◽  
Carlos Martínez-Flores ◽  
Armando Peralta-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Caps Markers ◽  
The Tropics

Some species of Brachiaria are cultivated in the tropics because of their high productivity and drought resistance; their apomictic hybrids are of interest because of the almost null segregation and xation of the hybrid vigor in seeds. In this research, Amplied Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Cleaved Amplied Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) markers were used to dierentiate apomictic tetraploid and sexual diploid Brachiaria parents and their progeny. Polymorphism detected with AFLP was 91.3% and with CAPS 79.7%. Phenograms dierentiated each genotype and the clustering of parents and their progeny was by their degree of genetic relatedness. AFLP did not separate the apomictic genotypes from the sexual ones, but CAPS markers did so through the C15-8 marker. Some apomictic genotypes of the progeny inherited it from their B. ruziziensis sexual mother, which may be related to some segregating character of the parental line.

scholarly journals Identification of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Linked to Gummy Stem Blight (Didymella bryoniae) Resistance in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) PI 420145

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph N. Wolukau ◽  
Xiaohui Zhou ◽  
JinFeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Gummy Stem Blight

Gummy stem blight (GSB) caused by the ascomycete fungus Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm is an important disease of melon. Molecular markers linked to resistance would be useful for melon breeding programs. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique and bulk segregant analysis were used to identify molecular markers linked to the resistance of melon to Didymella bryoniae. Segregation analysis of F2 progeny from a cross of PI 420145, a resistant line, and PI 136170, a susceptible line, showed that resistance to GSB was controlled by a dominant gene. One AFLP marker, E-TG/M-CTC200, was identified that is tightly linked to GSB resistance gene at a distance of 2.0 cM. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of AFLP markers linked to GSB resistance in melon. The identification of AFLP markers provides a step toward the use of marker-assisted selection and the characterization of the gene encoding resistance to GSB in melon.

Variation of molecular markers among geographically diverse accessions of Triticum tauschii

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Lubbers ◽  
K. S. Gill ◽  
T. S. Cox ◽  
B. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (genome DD), a diploid progenitor of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; AABBDD), grows across large areas of southwest Asia and contains more genetic variability for disease and insect resistance, isozymes, and seed storage proteins than the D genome of T. aestivum. To study patterns of variability at a large number of loci, we determined restriction fragment length polymorphism genotypes at 25 loci in a germ-plasm collection of 102 T. tauschii accessions. All accessions were homozygous at all loci, so "alleles" and "genotypes" were equivalent. Twenty loci were polymorphic, with two to six genotypes per locus and polymorphic indexes ranging from 0.06 to 0.74. Linkage disequilibrium was widespread. On the basis of Hedrick's probability of genotypic identity, botanical varieties T. t. ssp. eusquarrosa var. typica and T. t. ssp. eusquarrosa var. anathera were very similar to each other, as were T. t. ssp. strangulata and T. t. ssp. eusquarrosa var. meyeri, with a large genetic distance between these two pairs of taxonomic groups. Genetic variability for molecular markers was highest near the Caspian Sea, intermediate in Afghanistan, and lowest in Turkey and Pakistan. Genetic and geographical distances were related and generally consistent with the hypothesis that T. tauschii originated near the southern or southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea. Unique genotypes were found in most regions. The results of this study, along with data on economically relevant traits, will provide a basis for selecting breeding parents from the T. tauschii germ-plasm collection.Key words: germ plasm, Aegilops squarrosa, diversity, restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Comparative genomic analysis of Korean and Japanese green tea trees by using molecular markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
K -H. Cho ◽  
E -J. Lee ◽  
T Tsuge ◽  
A Jo ◽  
J C Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Caps Markers ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Although green tea is one of the most popular beverages in many countries, the evolutionary origin of Korean and Japanese green tea trees has not been extensively elucidated in a molecular level. Lineages of the five Korean green tea populations and cultivars growing in Hadong area were examined in comparison with the six Japanese and one Chinese cultivars using phylogenetic analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the non-transcribed region (NTS) region of the 5S rRNA suggested that the Korean Hadong cultivar was a minor variant of the Korean Hadong Cheon-nyeon wild tea plant, which has grown in the Hadong area more than 800 years. RFLP analysis with CAPS markers of the genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway showed that all of the Korean Hadong wild tea populations and cultivar had unique polymorphism patterns, when compared with those of the six Japanese and one Chinese cultivars. In addition, Hadong Cheon-nyeon wild tea showed unique CAPS patterns in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) locus, indicating that the three CAPS markers in the PAL gene are sufficient to distinguish Hadong Cheon-nyeon wild tea from the others. Thus, our genetic analyses suggested that the Korean Hadong Cheon-nyeon wild tea plant might have evolved as a different lineage from the other wild green tea populations in the Hadong area or the Japanese tea cultivars. Key words: Restriction fragment length polymorphism, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker, green tea, Hadong wild tea, evolutionary origin

scholarly journals Genetic Relatedness of Ornamental Ficus Species and Cultivars Analyzed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinggui Fang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny ◽  
Chih-Cheng T. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Woody Root

Ornamental Ficus L. is a group of lactiferous trees, shrubs, and woody root-climbing vines that are cultivated either as landscape plants in the tropics and subtropics or as foliage plants used worldwide for interiorscaping. With the recent rapid expansion of the ornamental plant industry, more new Ficus species and cultivars have been introduced. However, no study has thus far addressed the genetic relationships of cultivated ornamental Ficus. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with near-infrared fluorescence-labeled primers, this study analyzed the genetic relatedness of 56 commercial cultivars across 12 species. Forty-eight EcoRI + 2/MseI + 3 primer set combinations were initially screened, from which six primer sets were selected and used in this investigation. Most cultivars were differentiated by their AFLP fingerprints, and their relationships were determined using the unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic average cluster analysis. The 56 cultivars were divided into 12 clusters that correspond to 12 species, indicating that no interspecific hybrids of ornamental Ficus are in commercial production. The 12 species are genetically diverse, with Jaccard's similarity coefficients ranging from 0.21 to 0.43. However, cultivars within three species—Ficus benjamina L., Ficus elastica Roxb. Ex Hornem., and Ficus pumila L.—are genetically close. Twenty-seven of the 29 cultivars of F. benjamina and five cultivars of F. pumila had Jaccard's similarity coefficients of 0.98 or higher respectively. Nine cultivars of F. elastica shared Jaccard's coefficients higher than 0.96. These results indicate potential genetic vulnerability of these cultivars within the three species. Because there are increasing reports of invasive pests in the ornamental plant industry, strategies for conserving genetic resources and broadening genetic diversity of cultivated Ficus are discussed.

scholarly journals Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting to Identify Genetic Relatedness among Lychee Cultivars and Markers Associated with Small-seeded Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish K. Pathak ◽  
Sudhir P. Singh ◽  
Rakesh Tuli
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Aflp Fingerprinting ◽  
Discriminatory Ability ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Synonymies And Homonymies

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used to assess genetic relatedness among 23 popular commercial cultivars of lychee (Litchi chinensis) and identify the markers associated with small-seeded cultivars. A combination of three primer pairs with high discriminatory ability was selected for resolving the identity of lychee cultivars. The marker system resolved the instances of synonymies and homonymies. The two cultivars, Dehrarose and Dehradun, whose names are often used interchangeably, could be discriminated by AFLP. A cultivar, Calcuttia (H), grown in the Punjab region was found genetically very similar to China (M) of Bihar region in India, suggesting that both could be the same clone. A number of cultivars with contrasting seed size were included in the study. The cultivars Bedana, Seedless Late, and China were positioned in one group, unlike the grouping previously reported based on morphological traits. The AFLP fingerprinting revealed five marker fragments exclusive to the genotypes, which bear fruit with small seed and large pulp.

scholarly journals High Resolution Genetic and Physical Mapping of Molecular Markers Linked to the Phytophthora Resistance Gene Rps1-k in Soybean

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kasuga ◽  
Shanmukhaswami S. Salimath ◽  
Jinrui Shi ◽  
Mark Gijzen ◽  
Richard I. Buzzell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Resistant Parent

The resistance of soybean to Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is conferred by a series of single-dominant Rps genes. We have applied random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses to isolate molecular markers linked to Rps1-k. Five RAPD markers were identified and mapped closely to one side of Rps1-k. AFLP analysis was carried out with near isogenic lines and bulks obtained from F3 families. Twenty-seven markers were identified. Nineteen of these were specific to the resistant parent. Five AFLP markers were amplified from the susceptible parent. One of these markers, TC1, mapped at 0.07 centimorgans (cM) from the Rps1 locus. Three AFLP markers were co-dominant, and one of these, CG1, mapped at a distance of 0.06 cM from the Rps1 locus on the opposite side of the rest of the markers. Two RAPD, 17 AFLP, and 14 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers originating from duplicated sequences were mapped within a 3-cM map interval. These results suggest that Rps1-k is located at the end of an introgressed region. Physical mapping data indicate that the Rps1-k-flanking markers CG1 and TC1 may be located within a 125-kb chromosomal fragment.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers Used to Verify Interspecific Hybridization between Hemlock (Tsuga) Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Pooler ◽  
Louise G.H. Riedel ◽  
S.E. Bentz ◽  
A.M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
North America ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Eastern North America

Controlled pollinations were made between five hemlock (Tsuga) species from eastern North America and Asia, resulting in over 5700 germinating seedlings. A subset of putative hybrid seedlings from each cross was tested for authenticity by various DNA marker systems. The most reliable and useful system for verifying hybrids was amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Hybridizations between the eastern North American species, T. canadensis [L.] Carriere and T. caroliniana Engelm., and the Asian species, T. chinensis (Franch.) E. Pritz., were used as a model to test the inheritance, reliability, and ease of use of these markers. Using AFLP markers, we were able to verify 58 hybrids between T. caroliniana and T. chinensis, one hybrid between T. caroliniana and T. canadensis, but could find no definitive hybrids between T. canadensis and T. chinensis. Results using other marker systems, including RAPD, SCAR, ITS, and SSR, are also presented.

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