The Evaluation of Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in the Central Non-Black Region of Russia: Study of the Gene Pool Resistance of Wheat from the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) World Collection to Abiotic Stress Factors

The paper presents the results of a 50-year research of the genepool of the winter wheat from the world’s largest wheat collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) to investigate its resistance to the abiotic stress factors of the Moscow region and see how closely it matches the attributes of a wheat ideotype as postulated by N.I. Vavilov in 1935. The critical years in studying the wheat’s winter resistance were 10 years out of 50: excessive water saturation during the year 2013; soil drought in 1988; and atmospheric drought in 1972 and 2010. During the investigation, the following gene pool features were analyzed: frost characterized by the cultivar Sojuz 50 (Russia), rapid temperature change, thawing, ice, and rotting resistance characterized by the cultivars Zarya 2 (Russia), Sv 75268, (Sweden), Caristerm and Tukan (Germany), PP 114-74 and Liwilla (Poland), Maris Ploughman and Granta (Great Britain), Titan (USA), Zdar (Czech), and Zenta (Switzerland); regeneration capacity in spring after poor wintering expressed by the cultivars Pamyati Fedina (Russia), TAW 3668.71 (Germany) and Rmo (Poland); resistance to excessive soil and air saturation exhibited by the cultivars Moskovskaya 39 (Russia), Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, and Bussard (Germany); solid standing culm that is resistant to lodging characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Kronjuwel, Compal (Germany), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 56 (Russia), and Hvede Sarah (Denmark); resistance to enzyme-mycotic depletion of seeds characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, Bussard (Germany), Sv 75268, Helge, VG 73394, Salut, Sv 75355 (Sweden), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 39, and Ferrugineum 737.76 (Russia); and resistance to soil and atmospheric drought demonstrated by the cultivars Liessau, Heine Stamm, Severin, Neuzucht 14/4, Haynes, Rus 991, Halle 1020 (Germany), Gama (Poland), Sv 71536 (Sweden), and Moskovskaya 39 (Russia). Moreover, the cultivar Mironovskaya 808 (Ukraine) showed resistance to almost all abiotic stress factors studied. The performed study contributes towards the provision of potential sources of resistance to abiotic stress factors prevalent in the Moscow region that can be incorporated in advanced breeding programs.

Risk Assessment and Deployment for Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations in the Process Plant Industry

Safety showers and eyewash stations are equipment used for primary washing if their operator is exposed to hazardous chemicals. Therefore, safety showers and eyewash stations should be installed to ensure operator safety in process plants with excessive hazardous chemicals. International guidelines related to safety showers and eyewash stations are introduced in ANSI Z358.1, BS EN 15154, and German DIN 12899-3:2009, but only mechanical specifications regarding safety showers and eyewash stations are suggested. As such, there are currently no engineering guidelines, books, or technical journal papers requiring safety showers or eyewash stations and their efficient deployment. Thus, this study conducted risk assessment from an industrial hygiene perspective, suggesting which process equipment requires a safety shower and eyewash, including their economical and efficient deployment for operator safety. In industry, safety showers and eyewash stations are considered part of the process safety field; this study attempted to contribute to the safety improvement of operators by applying risk assessment of the industrial hygiene field. More studies are needed that contribute to operators’ safety by incorporating industrial hygiene fields for other process safety fields, including safety showers and eyewash stations.

ADAPTABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT FROM THE INSTITUTE OF PLANT INDUSTRY (VIR) COLLECTION IN THE CIS-MIDDLE URALS

The purpose of the research is to identify sources of economically valuable properties for creating a genetic collection of winter wheat in the Cis-middle Urals. The material for research was 30 varieties of winter wheat from the VIR collection for adaptability. The study was carried out in 2016-2019 at the experimental field of the UdmFIC Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pervomaysky village, Zavyalovsky district of Udmurtia). The soil of the experimental site is well cultivated sod-podzolic medium loamy. According to method of L.A. Zhivotkova, Z.N. Morozova, L.I. Sekatueva (1994) 15 varieties were more adapted to local conditions. These varieties, on average for 3 years of research, formed higher yields (by 2-107 %) than the average for all varieties. The indicator of the level of stability of the variety (ILSV), calculated by the method of E.D. Nettevich (1985) identified only three of the most valuable varieties - Sarlota (ILSV 283 %), Venistar (ILSV 238 %) and Alauda (ILSV 124 %). Overwintering of varieties on average for 2017-2019 was 32 ... 68 %, for the standard-60 %. The best winter hardiness was obtained in the samples Sarlota (68 %) and Vanda (63 %). The sources of high grain content of the spike (33.6...50.8 pcs.) were identified – variety samples Markola, Sarlota, Veldana, Venistar. Large grain (mass of 1000 grains 42.6...52.3 g) formed varieties Charodijka Bilotserkivsʹka, Gonoveva, Stanislava, Sarlota, Vanda. Warm and humid weather in the summer of 2019 led to the massive development of powdery mildew. The varieties Charodijka BilotserkivskaKa, KhmelnNychanka, Zluka, Komertsijna, Markola, Gonoveva were highly stable (7...9 points) for this disease. The increased air temperature and the presence of a drip liquid were the reasons for the intensive development of brown rust in 2017. High stability (7...9 points) this year the varieties Gordovyta, Lasurna, Zluka, Gonoveva, Sarlota, Veldana and Venistar showed signs of illness

THE PRIMARY STUDY OF SOYBEAN SAMPLE VARIETIES FROM THE COLLECTION OF N.I. VAVILOV RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT INDUSTRY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF THE OMSK REGION

The article presents the results of the primary study of soybean varieties of the world collection of N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry in the conditions of the Omsk region. We identified the samples, which are valuable material for further breeding by several characteristics: the duration of the growth period, productivity.