scholarly journals El terror represivo y el reclutamiento forzoso del ejército golpista. El caso de Galicia, 1936-1939 = The repressive terror and the forced recruitment of the coup army. The case of Galicia, 1936-1939

2020 ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Leira-Castiñeira
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Creation

Resumen: El golpe de Estado vino acompañado de una cruel represión. Este es un asunto que ha sido ampliamente estudiado por la historiografía española. Sin embargo, los reclutas que tuvieron que ir a combatir de manera forzosa con los insurgentes han recibido escasa atención. Con este artículo se pretende ofrecer otro punto de vista de la represión, analizar cómo pudo afectar al proceso movilizador de un contingente bélico y examinar el sometimiento en Galicia, poniendo el foco en la preparación de la contienda. Como primer avance, el control se realizó primero en las ciudades, en concreto, en la fachada atlántica, permitiendo que se pudiera formar una sociedad de prófugos en los lugares donde no llegó el poder en los primeros meses. Asimismo, el grueso del alistamiento se realizó en los años 1936 y 1937 en Galicia, coincidiendo con los meses de mayor repunte de la coacción. El texto cronológicamente termina cuando aprueban en marzo de 1936 la creación del cuerpo de vigilancia perteneciente al ejército y la dominación comenzó a ser más sistemática y calculadora.Palabras clave: guerra civil española, terror represivo, reclutamiento forzado, huidos, control político.Abstract: The coup d'état was accompanied by a cruel repression. This is an issue that has been widely studied by Spanish historiography. However, the recruits who had to go to combat with the insurgents have received little attention. This article aims to offer another point of view of the repression and analyze how it could affect the mobilizing process of a war contingent and examine the phenomenon of submission in Galicia, focusing on the preparation of the war. The first conclusions were drawn that the control was first carried out in the large cities, specifically, on the Atlantic façade, allowing a kind of fugitive society to be formed in the places where the coup power did not arrive in the first months. Likewise, it is observed how the bulk of the unappealable enlistment was carried out in the years 1936 and 1937 in Galicia, coinciding with the months of greatest recovery of coercion. When the regime approved in March 1936 the creation of the surveillance corps belonging to the army, the domination began to be more systematic and calculating.Keywords: Spanish civil war, repressive terror, forced recruitment, fleeing, political control.

scholarly journals La justicia de la II República española en guerra. Una aproximación historiográfica

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Enrique Roldán Cañizares
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
General Point ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pais Vasco

Resumen: El golpe de Estado militar y el consecuente esta­llido de la guerra civil supusieron el colapso de las estructuras estatales de la II República. Como no podía ser de otro modo, la administración de jus­ticia también se vio afectada por dicho colapso, y tras un periodo de tiempo en el que el Gobierno fue incapaz de tomar las riendas de la situación, un nuevo sistema judicial fue construyéndose poco a poco, cargado de una fuerte impronta popular. En cuanto a la historiografía relativa a la justicia de la República en guerra, podemos encontrar des­de obras generales como la de Ángel Viñas, que, a pesar de tratar la guerra en su conjunto, hacen re­ferencia a la administración de justicia, hasta obras específicas como la de Glicerio Sánchez o Raúl C. Cancio, que se encargan de hacer una recopilación detallada y minuciosa de toda la legislación relativa a los Tribunales Populares. Del mismo modo tam­bién es posible encontrar historiografía especiali­zada en los casos de Cataluña y País Vasco, que por motivos distintos, ocupan un lugar especial dentro de la II República en guerra.Palabras clave: II República, Guerra civil, Tribunales Populares, Justicia, Golpe de Estado, Historiografía.Abstract: The coup d’etat and the subsequent breakout of the Spanish Civil War meant the collapse of the Second Republic’s state structures. The judiciary was affected by the collapse too, and after a pe­riod during which the government was unable to enforce control, a new judicial system was slowly built, a system that was highly characterized by jury courts. Among the historiographical works on justice in the Second Republic in wartime, we can find general works like that of Ángel Viñas, who, besides studying the Spanish civil war from a general point of view, also focuses his work on the judiciary. We can also find specific works, with Glicerio Sánchez and Raúl C. Cancio being good examples. These offer detailed compilations of the laws on Popular Tribunals. Finally, there is historiography on Catalonia and the Basque Country, which, for a variety of reasons, has a special place within the context of the Second Re­public in wartime.Key words: II Republic, civil war, Jury courts, Justice, Coup d’etat, Historiography.

Kate O'Brien and Virginia Woolf: Common Ground

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Aintzane Legarreta Mentxaka
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Alignments ◽  
Literary Influences ◽  
Kate O'brien

Convergences in the work of Kate O'Brien and Virginia Woolf range from literary influences and political alignments, to a shared approach to narrative point of view, structure, or conceptual use of words. Common ground includes existentialist preoccupations and tropes, a pacifism which did not hinder support for the left in the Spanish Civil War, the linking of feminism and decolonization, an affinity with anarchism, the identification of the normativity of fascism, and a determination to represent deviant sexualities and affects. Making evident the importance of the connection, O'Brien conceived and designed The Flower of May (1953), one of her most experimental and misunderstood novels, to paid homage to Woolf's oeuvre.

scholarly journals La política al margen de la política (Julián Besteiro, 1936 – 1938) = Politics Outside Politics (Julian Besteiro, 1936 – 1938)

2020 ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Óscar Medina Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Republic

Julián Besteiro es un político clave para entender la España que transita desde la crisis de 1917 hasta la Guerra Civil, y como tal ha sido ampliamente estudiado por la historiografía. Sin embargo, su figura se nos presenta algo desdibujada desde finales de 1935, cuando deja de publicarse Democracia (principal órgano de expresión de su corriente socialista), hasta su participación en el golpe de estado contra Negrín de marzo de 1939. El presente artículo intenta mostrar que este periodo de su vida no fue de total inactividad política, ya que aun desde fuera de los puestos de responsabilidad, intentó ejercer su influencia dentro del socialismo español; en concreto se analiza su actuación en dos momentos clave: el semestre anterior al estallido de la Guerra Civil, y la crisis socialista de 1938. Para algunos de sus contemporáneos, la opción Besteiro existió en diferentes momentos y para diferentes puestos, tales como presidente de la República en 1936, o presidente del PSOE y miembro de un Gobierno de la paz en 1938.AbstractJulián Besteiro is a key politician to understand Spain from the crisis of 1917 until the Civil War, and as such he has been widely studied by the historiography. But there is a period less known in Besteiro’s life: the years running from the closure of Democracia (the main publication of his wing of Spanish socialism) at the end of 1935, to his involvement in the coup d’etat that would overthrow Negrin’s government in March 1939. This article attempts to show that this period in Besteiro’s life was not of total political inactivity: even from outside the positions of responsibility, he tried to exert his influence within Spanish socialism; in particular, this article analyses Besteiro’s stand in two key moments: the semester prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, and the crisis of the socialist party in 1938. For some of his contemporaries, the Besteiro option existed at different moments and for different roles, namely as President of the Republic in 1936, President of PSOE and member of a government to negotiate peace in 1938.

scholarly journals Las aportaciones de los exiliados españoles a México y una nota sobre Buñuel

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Godínez Páez
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
Luis Bunuel ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Mexican Film ◽  
The Creation

RESUMEN El presente artículo brinda una mirada panorámica del exilio español a México tras el estallido de la Guerra Civil española en 1936. Se inicia con un recuento histórico de las vidas de los exiliados españoles, desde la llegada de los niños de Morelia y la creación de La Casa de España hasta su eventual adaptación al país que los recibió. Se discuten brevemente las dificultades a las que se enfrentaron los exiliados tras su llegada, para después puntualizar la manera en la que su integración repercutiría en la vida cultural, académica y científica del México de la época. Además de lo anterior se dedica un espacio a Luis Buñuel y sus aportaciones al cine mexicano. Independientemente de que la llegada de Buñuel a México se da por razones distintas a las de los exiliados su estancia en el país coincide con la de otros compatriotas exiliados. ABSTRACT This article offers a panoramic view of the Spanish exile to Mexico after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. It begins with a look back at the lives of the Spanish exiles; from the arrival of Los niños de Morelia and the creation of La Casa de España up until their eventual adaptation to the country that received them. The difficulties that the exiles faced after their arrival are briefly discussed to later point out how their integration influenced the cultural, academic and scientific Mexico of that time. In addition to what’s previously stated, there’s a space dedicated to Luis Buñuel and his contributions to the Mexican film industry. Aside from the fact that Buñuel’s arrival happens for different reasons from the exiles’, his residing in the country coincides with that of other exile countrymen.

scholarly journals Spanish Literature and the Recovery of Historical Memory

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. González
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Spanish Literature ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of

This article analyses the recovery of the historical memory of the Spanish Civil War in the last decade, after so many years of silence, forgetfulness and oblivion. Four points are developed: first, how this recovery is achieved by the civil society in general and by the Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory in particular. Secondly, there is a brief allusion to the quarrel between historians and philosophers about the place of memory and remembrance for the construction of the history of Spain. Thirdly, a reference to the recent Historical Memory Law is made, and finally there is a point about the important role played by literature in recovering the memory of many painful facts of the Civil War and Franco’s dictatorship from the point of view of the victims.

scholarly journals Against Anarchy and Hitler: French Nationalism and Spanish Civil War

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
V. E. Molodiakov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Republican Government ◽  
Charles Maurras

Combination of internal political and social crisis with armed conflict in the neighbour country behind the less dangerous frontier without any possibility of obtaining fastly any real aid from allies is one of the worst possible political scenarios in the time of peace. France faced such a situation in 1936 after her Popular Front’s electoral victory and the beginnig of military mutiny in Spain provoqued by further escalation of internal political struggle. Mutiny developed into civil war that, beeing local geographically, became a global political problem because it troubled many great powers and first of all France. This article depicts and analyzes position and views on Spanish civil war and its antecedents of French nationalist royalist movement «Action française» leaded by Charles Maurras (1868–1952) and her allies in next generations of French nationalists – philosopher and political writer Henri Massis (1886–1970) and novelist Robert Brasillach (1909–1945). All of them from the first day hailed Spanish Nationalist cause and were sure in her final victory so took side against any French help, first of all military, to Spanish Republican government, propagated Franco’s political program, denounced Soviet intervention into Spanish affairs and “Communist threat”. Staying for Catholic and Latin unity French nationalists were anxious to prevent Franco’s rapprochement with Nazi Germany that they regarded as France’s “hereditary emeny” notwithstanding of political regime. Trips of Maurras and Massis to Spain in 1938 and theirs meetings with Franco were aimed to demonstrate this kind of unity with silent but clear anti-German overtone. Brasillach’s “History of War in Spain” (1939) became the first French overview of the events from Nationalist point of view.

scholarly journals A Spanish portrait : Spain and its connections with the thematic and structural dimensions of "For whom the bell tolls"

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Marín Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Life Itself

After having visited several countries in Europe and Africa, Hemingway found in Spain a land which would play a key role in his later literary career. His first stay in our country in the early twenties would mean the outset of a closed and long relationship with Spain that took almost forty years. During his different travels to Spain, Hemingway had the chance of discovering in the Spanish people a set of values and traits for which he felt a special attraction, such as violence, rebelliousness and, above all, a fatalistic vision of existence where death was inherent to life itself. In his most renowned novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), Hemingway offers a wider and deeper vision of those characteristics which made the Spanish soul so particular from his point of view. We identify some of them by analyzing the main structural and thematic elements of this novel set in the Spanish Civil War.

scholarly journals Los excombatientes entran en política. La creación de la Hermandad Nacional de Alféreces Provisionales (1955-1959) = The Veterans enter Politics. The Creation of the Hermandad Nacional de Alféreces Provisionales (1955-1959)

2020 ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Néstor Pastor Beato
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

El presente artículo es un fragmento del Trabajo Final de Máster que se defendió en septiembre de 2017, fue tutorizado por el profesor D. Gil Pecharromán en el marco del Máster de la España Contemporánea en el Contexto Internacional de la UNED. El trabajo consistió en una investigación sobre la importancia que tuvo la asociación de veteranos de guerra Hermandad de Alféreces Provisionales[1], cuya creación marcó la agenda política de la dictadura de finales de los años 50.  Con el trabajo, resumido en el artículo, se pretendía lograr un triple objetivo: llenar el vacío historiográfico existente en referencia a la creación de la HAP, aportar documentación nueva que apoye o no la tesis dominante de que la HAP fue una creación del Ejército como altavoz político en la escena pública; y por último, la tesis inicial del trabajo era que la HAP surgió como una idea espontánea de un grupo de veteranos alféreces provisionales, y que únicamente cuando esa idea se convirtió en una asociación con millares de miembros, el Ejército intervino para mediatizarla.his article is a fragment of a bigger research about the origin and initally importance of a civil war veteran association called «Hermandad de Alféreces Provisionales», whose apparition was really important in Francoist politics of the fifties. The «Alféreces Provisionales» were the core of the Francois army during the Spanish Civil War, and later on they were formed an important lobby inside the dictatorship regime.With the thesis, summarized in this article, there were three objectives to achieve: fill the lack of knowledge about the creation of the «HAP», get new evidence to support or not the most accepted theory,  that says that the «HAP» was a creation of the army as a way of getting more influence in politics; and finally, the initial theory of the thesis was that the  «HAP» was an unplanned project of the veterans, and only when they became a successful association, the Army intervened to control them.[1] En adelante HAP.

scholarly journals The Importance of Morocco in the Spanish Civil War

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Jarod E. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Eventual Outcome

This paper addresses the pivotal yet forgotten role that Morocco played in the Spanish Civil War. Other histories and analyses of the Civil War limit discussion to the Spanish side of the conflict without recognizing the colonialist holdings that Spain had and the ways that those lands and people impacted the war. This leads to an incomplete history that denies the Civil War its full historical context and the foundational context for the Nationalist side of the conflict. This paper analyzes the war as well as the ideological creations behind Spanish Fascism and the ways in which Morocco was tied to the creation of the Spanish Civil War, how it was important to the fighting of the conflict, and how it was pivotal to the war's eventual outcome. This will be argued by looking at the racist and eurocentric views of the Spanish Republic and how those views lead directly to its failure in the Civil War. This article will analyze first hand accounts of people directly involved in the war and the factors that led to the involvement of Moroccans on the Nationalist side.

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