scholarly journals L’internement des veuves et des célibataires majeures: une exception normande dans la 2e moitié du XVIIIe siècle

Author(s):  
Jérôme Luther Viret

Résumé: On examine dans ce texte les demandes d’internement formées par des parents contre des veuves et des femmes célibataires, chefs de ménage, maîtresses d’elles-mêmes et de leurs biens. Les conflits familiaux, dans leur objet comme dans leur forme, prenaient une tonalité différente dans chaque province. Il y avait, à l’égard des veuves, une spécificité normande. En relation avec de fortes préoccupations lignagères, l’argument de la mésalliance et du déshonneur était avancé contre les veuves souhaitant se remarier. Au-delà du sentiment de l’honneur, le poids des intérêts matériels et financiers apparait évident. Ces intérêts justifiaient des demandes d’internement, visant des veuves, mais également des femmes célibataires et majeures. En Normandie, où la préférence masculine était affichée dans tous les chapitres de la coutume, certains hommes n’ont pas reculé devant l’internement de leur mère, belle-mère ou soeur. La violence de la procédure, les réticences de l’administration et l’incertitude du résultat, ont contenu ces recours dans d’étroites limites. Pourtant, on saisit à travers elles quelques motifs importants de la conflictualité familiale normande.Mots clef: Familles, conflits, veuves, célibat, Normandie, lettres de cachet, lignage, remariage, honneur, patrimoine.Abstract: This paper investigates the practice whereby relatives requested the imprisonment of widows and single women, including the female heads of families. Family conflicts varied in their objects and forms according to the provinces. In line with heavy concerns regarding lineage, the argument of misalliance and dishonour was put forward in cases where widows wished to remarry. Beyond the sense of honour, it is obvious that material and financial interests were paramount. Such interests motivated requests for the imprisonment of both widows and single women of age. In Normandy, where male preference was patent in every chapter of common law, some men went as far as having their mothers, mothers-in-law and sisters imprisoned. In addition to the reluctance of the person concerned and the uncertainty of the results, the violent nature of this procedure meant it was only applied within strict limits. It is thanks to this, however, that we can now grasp some important drivers of family conflicts in Normandy.Key words: Families, conflicts, widows, celibacy, Normandy, lettres de cachet, lineage, remarriage, honour, heritage  

Author(s):  
Alain Wijffels

Pour saisir l’ancien droit anglais dans une approche comparative, le ius commune constitue une tête de pont inefficace. Au départ, l’historien du droit français est mal préparé, principalement en raison des carences de son historiographie nationale, laquelle, trop exclusivement axée sur les spécificités françaises, ignore largement les caractéristiques européennes de la tradition romaniste et son évolution aux Temps Modernes. Mais même en supposant que cette défaillance puisse être surmontée, la civil law anglaise ne permet d’appréhender ni le génie de la common law, ni même l’esprit dans lequel l’Equity s’est développée à l’époque moderne. L’interface que constitue dans l’orbis exiguus du ius commune la méthode moderne – l’usus modernus systématisant ratione materiae et opérant une fusion substantielle du ius commune et des iura propria d’un territoire – a été trop peu développée par les juristes anglais du xvie au xviiie siècle, qu’ils furent des civil lawyers comme John Cowell ou Thomas Wood, ou, exceptionnellement, un common lawyer comme Sir William Jones.


Moreana ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (Number 38) (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Margolin
Keyword(s):  

Moreana ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (Number 70) (2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Jacques Gury

Gesnerus ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Pilloud ◽  
Stefan Hächler ◽  
Vincent Barras
Keyword(s):  

2013 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Geneviève Di Rosa

In the 18th century, the Bible felt the full force of criticism by radical Enlightenment thinkers who read it piece by piece and denounced the process of its creation as an imposture – thus extending the break initiated by moral and historical critiques of the previous century. In doing so, they nevertheless failed to grant it the literary status of a “profane work”. Yet, Rousseau, who produced a literary rewriting of the Book of Judges with his Levite of Ephraim, pondered over the violence inflicted on biblical intertextuality during his exile in Môtiers: in his Letters Written from the Mountain, he compared it to the violence caused to his own literary works. By draw-ing this parallel, he opened a reflection on the different manners of reading a text, as well as the possibility of regulating the reader’s violence through proposing an ethics of literary reception. Analogy might not work as a substitute; however, it enabled Rousseau to go beyond the mistreatment which anti-philosophers or philosophers inflicted on his works, by giving, among other things, an autobiographical orienta-tion to his writing: one in which the author is ready to take responsibility for giving himself to the reader. The ambivalence of the sacred and the profane, the perception of a common essence of religion – defined either by sacrifice or gift – were thus what helped Rousseau invent the autobiographical pact.


2015 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Nadège Langbour

In the 18th century, the paintings of Greuze had much success. The literature took against these paintings. It transposed them in narrative texts. Diderot and Aubert, described paintings of Greuze by using the literary kind of the moral tale. Thus, they respected moral spirit of the painting of Greuze. But when paintings of Greuze were transposed in the novels, this moral spirit had been perverted : the novels respected stating of Greuze, but they used it to produce a different statement.


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