scholarly journals Stable patterns of upper limb muscle activation in different conditions of human walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Peter Kuhtz-Buschbeck ◽  
Antonia Frendel
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Activity Trap

<p>Background:  Arm swing during human gait is associated with contractions of upper limb muscles, which have been examined rarely.</p><p>Aim: This study aims to identify basic temporal patterns of upper limb muscle activation during walking conditions involving different modes of arm swing.</p><p>Method: Twenty volunteers were examined during (a) normal forward walking, (b) walking with immobilized arms, (c) walking while carrying loads in one or in both hands. Electromyographic (EMG) data were collected for the trapezius (TRAP), anterior (AD) and posterior deltoid (PD), biceps (BIC), triceps (TRI), latissimus dorsi (LD) and lumbar erector spinae (ES) muscles.</p><p>Results: Principal components analyses identified two basic patterns of muscle activation that remained stable across gait conditions. Some rhythmical EMG signals of arm and shoulder muscles (TRAP, PD, TRI, LD) persisted during walking with immobilized arms, indicating coupled activation of leg and arm muscles. Carrying a load in one hand resulted in stronger ipsilateral EMG activity (TRAP, AD, PD, BIC, TRI) than splitting the same load between both hands.</p><p>Interpretation: Although the amount of upper limb muscle activity varies markedly between different conditions of human walking (with/without arm sing; with/without load carriage), basic temporal activation patterns remain stable, indicating a common motor control strategy.</p><em><br clear="all" /> </em>

scholarly journals Stable patterns of upper limb muscle activation in different conditions of human walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Peter Kuhtz-Buschbeck ◽  
Antonia Frendel
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Activity Trap

Background:  Arm swing during human gait is associated with contractions of upper limb muscles, which have been examined rarely. Aim: This study aims to identify basic temporal patterns of upper limb muscle activation during walking conditions involving different modes of arm swing. Method: Twenty volunteers were examined during (a) normal forward walking, (b) walking with immobilized arms, (c) walking while carrying loads in one or in both hands. Electromyographic (EMG) data were collected for the trapezius (TRAP), anterior (AD) and posterior deltoid (PD), biceps (BIC), triceps (TRI), latissimus dorsi (LD) and lumbar erector spinae (ES) muscles. Results: Principal components analyses identified two basic patterns of muscle activation that remained stable across gait conditions. Some rhythmical EMG signals of arm and shoulder muscles (TRAP, PD, TRI, LD) persisted during walking with immobilized arms, indicating coupled activation of leg and arm muscles. Carrying a load in one hand resulted in stronger ipsilateral EMG activity (TRAP, AD, PD, BIC, TRI) than splitting the same load between both hands. Interpretation: Although the amount of upper limb muscle activity varies markedly between different conditions of human walking (with/without arm sing; with/without load carriage), basic temporal activation patterns remain stable, indicating a common motor control strategy.

scholarly journals Activity of upper limb and trunk muscles during power walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Peter Kuhtz-Buschbeck ◽  
Antonia Frendel
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Emg Patterns

<p>Background: Arm swing is deliberately emphasized during power walking, a popular aerobic fitness exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) activation curves of arm and shoulder muscles during power walking have not yet been examined. Aim: To describe the amount and pattern of EMG activity of upper limb muscles during power walking. Data are compared to normal walking and jogging. Method:  Twenty volunteers were examined on a treadmill at 6 km/h during (a) normal walking, (b) power walking, (c) jogging. EMG data were collected for the trapezius (TRAP), anterior (AD) and posterior deltoid (PD), biceps (BIC), triceps (TRI), latissimus dorsi (LD) and erector spinae (ES) muscles. Results:  Activity of four muscles (AD, BIC, PD, TRAP) was three- to fivefold stronger during power walking than normal walking. Smaller significant increases involved the TRI, LD and ES. Two muscles (AD, TRAP) were more active during power walking than running. Normal walking and power walking involved similar EMG patterns of PD, LD, ES, while EMG patterns of running and walking differed. Interpretation: Emphasizing arm swing during power walking triples the EMG activity of upper limb muscles, compared to normal walking. Similar basic temporal muscle activation patterns in both modes of walking indicate a common underlying motor program. </p>

scholarly journals Activity of upper limb and trunk muscles during power walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Peter Kuhtz-Buschbeck ◽  
Antonia Frendel
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Emg Patterns

Background: Arm swing is deliberately emphasized during power walking, a popular aerobic fitness exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) activation curves of arm and shoulder muscles during power walking have not yet been examined. Aim: To describe the amount and pattern of EMG activity of upper limb muscles during power walking. Data are compared to normal walking and jogging. Method: Twenty volunteers were examined on a treadmill at 6 km/h during (a) normal walking, (b) power walking, (c) jogging. EMG data were collected for the trapezius (TRAP), anterior (AD) and posterior deltoid (PD), biceps (BIC), triceps (TRI), latissimus dorsi (LD) and erector spinae (ES) muscles. Results: Activity of four muscles (AD, BIC, PD, TRAP) was three- to fivefold stronger during power walking than normal walking. Smaller significant increases involved the TRI, LD and ES. Two muscles (AD, TRAP) were more active during power walking than running. Normal walking and power walking involved similar EMG patterns of PD, LD, ES, while EMG patterns of running and walking differed. Interpretation: Emphasizing arm swing during power walking triples the EMG activity of upper limb muscles, compared to normal walking. Similar basic temporal muscle activation patterns in both modes of walking indicate a common underlying motor program.

scholarly journals Selective Activation of Shoulder, Trunk, and Arm Muscles: A Comparative Analysis of Different Push-Up Variants

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Marcolin ◽  
Nicola Petrone ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Giuseppe Battaglia ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
Narrow Base ◽  
Push Up

Context The push-up is a widely used exercise for upper limb strengthening that can be performed with many variants. A comprehensive analysis of muscle activation during the ascendant phase (AP) and descendant phase (DP) in different variants could be useful for trainers and rehabilitators. Objective To obtain information on the effect of different push-up variants on the electromyography (EMG) of a large sample of upper limb muscles and to investigate the role of the trunk and abdomen muscles during the AP and DP. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Eight healthy, young volunteers without a history of upper extremity or spine injury. Intervention(s) Participants performed a set of 10 repetitions for each push-up variant: standard, wide, narrow, forward (FP), and backward (BP). Surface EMG of 12 selected muscles and kinematics data were synchronously recorded to describe the AP and DP. Main Outcome Measure(s) Mean EMG activity of the following muscles was analyzed: serratus anterior, deltoideus anterior, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, triceps brachii caput longus, triceps brachii caput lateralis, obliquus externus abdominis, pectoralis major sternal head, pectoralis major clavicular head, trapezius transversalis, and biceps brachii. Results The triceps brachii and pectoralis major exhibited greater activation during the narrow-base variant. The highest activation of abdomen and back muscles was recorded for the FP and BP variants. The DP demonstrated the least electrical activity across all muscles, with less marked differences for the abdominal and erector spinae muscles because of their role as stabilizers. Conclusions Based on these findings, we suggest the narrow-base variant to emphasize triceps and pectoralis activity and the BP variant for total upper body strength conditioning. The FP and BP variants should be implemented carefully in participants with low back pain because of the greater activation of abdominal and back muscles.

Arm Swing during Human Gait Studied by EMG of Upper Limb Muscles

2014 ◽  
pp. 129-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Kuhtz-Buschbeck ◽  
Antonia Frendel ◽  
Bo Jing
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Backward Walking ◽  
Clinical Investigations

Arm swing during human gait has both passive and active components. The chapter presents a study conducted with normal subjects using electromyography (EMG) to describe patterns of arm and shoulder muscle activity in different gait conditions. These included normal forward walking, walking with immobilized arms, backward walking, power walking with accentuated arm swing, running, and load carriage. Complementary kinematic data are presented, too. Rhythmic muscle activity persists to some extent when both arms are immobilized during walking. Forward and backward walking involve dissimilar patterns of muscle activity, although the limb movements are very similar in both conditions. Likewise, power walking and running are characterized by different curves of EMG activity. Unimanual load carriage during walking affects muscle activities of both the loaded and the non-loaded arm. Research on normal arm swing provides a basis for clinical investigations of gait disorders.

Upper Limb Muscle Activation: An EMG Analysis Using Myo® Armband

2019 ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alves Maia de Souza ◽  
Marilú Gomes Netto Monte da Silva ◽  
Alana Elza Fontes da Gama
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Limb Muscle

PATTERNS AND CONSISTENCY OF MUSCLE RECRUITMENT FOR A KARATE JAB

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Lin Ning ◽  
Jia-Da Li ◽  
Wei-Ching Lo ◽  
Chih-Hung Huang ◽  
Chu-Fen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Muscle Recruitment ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Motor Time ◽  
Karate Athletes

Adequate pattern and consistency of the muscle recruitment is essential to symbolize the destruction of the opponent with high movement velocities and precise targeting of the opponent's head and body during a karate jab. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reaction time (RT), motor time (MT), and total response time (TRT), as well as their correlation during a karate jab, and to investigate the recruitment pattern and consistency of muscles during motor time. As many as 14 professional karate athletes (age: 23.67 ± 2.64 years; height: 174.57 ± 7.13 cm; and weight: 72.75 ± 10.65 kg) participated in the current study. Each subject was instructed to pose in combat stance first and then to use their left hand to jab at an instrumented kicking target as soon as they saw the start signal. Surface electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from 16 muscles, namely the pronator teres, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and deltoid of the left upper limb, right erector spinae, left rectus abdominis, and gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius of the right and left lower limbs. Start and stop signals from the instrumented target were also recorded synchronously to obtain the TRT. Significant correlation between MT and TRT indicated that MT was a key determinant for the TRT of the jab. When performing a karate jab, the karate athletes initiated the movement with postural adjustments of the legs and trunk prior to the onset of the voluntary jab by the upper limb, and with a proximal-to-distal sequence of muscle activation in the left arm. Good consistencies of muscle recruitment of the trunk, left arm, and leg, and cocontraction of the left triceps and biceps brachii also indicated a well-controlled jab by the left arm. These results provide important information on the patterns and the consistencies of the muscle recruitment for coaching a karate jab, which should be helpful for a better understanding of the motor control strategies of a karate jab and for developing a suitable training protocol.

Upper Limb Muscle Activation Patterns During Isometric Gripping Tasks in Able-Bodied Individuals

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. e79
Author(s):  
Casey Kandilakis ◽  
Deborah Backus ◽  
Dylan Lee ◽  
Mark Sweatman ◽  
Sarah Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns

scholarly journals Comparison of Core Muscle Activation Between a Prone Bridge and 6-RM Back Squats

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Atle Hole Saeterbakken
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Total Exercise Time ◽  
External Oblique

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare core muscle activation during a prone bridge (plank) until failure and 6-RM back squats. Twelve resistance-trained males (age 23.5 ± 2.6 years, body mass 87.8 ± 21.3 kg, body height 1.81 ± 0.08 m) participated in this study. Total exercise time and EMG activity of the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique and erector spinae were measured during 6-RM back squats and a prone bridge with a weight of 20% of participants’ body mass on their lower back. The main findings showed non-significant differences between the exercises in the rectus abdominis or external oblique, but greater erector spinae activation in squatting. Furthermore, in contrast to the prone bridge, the erector spinae and rectus abdominis demonstrated increasing muscle activation throughout the repetitions while squatting, whereas the prone bride demonstrated increasing external oblique activation between the beginning and the middle of the set. It was concluded that since squatting resulted in greater erector spine activation, but similar rectus abdominis and oblique external activation as the prone bridge, high-intensity squats rather than isometric low intensity core exercises for athletes would be recommended.

scholarly journals Determining the optimal maximal and submaximal voluntary contraction tests for normalizing the erector spinae muscles

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7824
Author(s):  
Gemma Biviá-Roig ◽  
Juan Francisco Lisón ◽  
Daniel Sánchez-Zuriaga
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Maximal Activation

Background This study aimed to identify which maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and sub-MVIC tests produce the highest activation of the erector spinae muscles and the greatest reduction in inter-individual variability, to put them forward as reference normalization maneuvers for future studies. Methods Erector spinae EMG activity was recorded in 38 healthy women during five submaximal and three maximal exercises. Results None of the three MVIC tests generated the maximal activation level in all the participants. The maximal activation level was achieved in 68.4% of cases with the test performed on the roman chair in the horizontal position (96.3 ± 7.3; p < 0.01). Of the five submaximal maneuvers, the one in the horizontal position on the roman chair produced the highest percentage of activation (61.1 ± 16.7; p < 0.01), and one of the lowest inter-individual variability values in the normalized signal of a trunk flexion-extension task. Conclusions A modified Sorensen MVIC test in a horizontal position on a roman chair and against resistance produced the highest erector spinae activation, but not in 100% of participants, so the execution of several normalization maneuvers with the trunk at different inclinations should be considered to normalize the erector spinae EMG signal. A modified Sorensen test in a horizontal position without resistance is the submaximal maneuver that produces the highest muscle activation and the greatest reduction in inter-individual variability, and could be considered a good reference test for normalization.

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