Gendered occupational aspirations among German youth: Role of parental occupations, gender division of labour, and family structure

Objective: This study investigates how multiple domains of parental gender role socialisation as well as parent-child relationships and family structure may shape adolescents’ gendered occupational aspirations. Background: Young people with gender-typical aspirations have a higher chance of choosing gender-typical post-secondary education fields and are more likely to work in gender-typical occupations as adults. Gender norms, family structures and parent-child relationships have undergone profound changes in recent decades. We extend the intergenerational transmission literature by considering whether the influence of parental role modelling may vary according to parent-child relationships and family structure. Method: We draw on data from 2,235 adolescents from the German Socio-Economic Panel and apply logistic regressions. Results: Children whose fathers were employed in gender-typical jobs had a greater likelihood of aspiring to a more gender-typical occupation. This relationship was not significant among sons who did not live continuously with both parents since birth, who were generally more likely to aspire to gender-typical occupations. Surprisingly, the gender-typicality of fathers' occupations seemed more influential among daughters whose parents had separated than among those who lived continuously with both parents. Regarding the parental gender division of paid and unpaid work, only mothers' continuous non-employment was associated with daughters being more likely to aspire to a gender-typical occupation. Conclusion: On the whole, our findings suggest a rather weak influence of parental gender role modelling on children’s persistently gendered occupational aspirations in Germany. Yet, our study extends existing family research by pointing to significant variations across family structures.

FAMILY STRUCTURE, PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS, AND ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG USE AMONG TEENAGERS IN FRANCE AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

Alcohol and Alcoholism ◽

10.1093/alcalc/37.1.52 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 52-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

S. Ledoux

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Drug Use ◽

Family Structure ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Structure Parent ◽

Associations between quality of parent–child relationships and children's gender typicality: A 4‐year longitudinal study

Infant and Child Development ◽

10.1002/icd.2214 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emilie Lemelin ◽

Marie‐Soleil Sirois ◽

Annie Bernier ◽

Carol L. Martin

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Gender Typicality ◽

Family structure and family education as the factors for personal development of preschooler

Social Psychology and Society ◽

10.17759/sps.2016070201 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 5-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L.A. Golovey ◽

V.E. Vasilenko ◽

S.S. Savenysheva

Keyword(s):

Family Structure ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Personal Development ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Well Being ◽

Emotional Interaction ◽

The Family ◽

Ontogenetic Periods ◽

This article is devoted to analysis of personal characteristics of preschoolers in relation to the factors of gender, family structure (complete or one-parent, the presence of sibling) and family upbringing (parenting styles, parent-child emotional interaction). The study involved 155 boys, 157 girls and 312 mothers from Saint-Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Arkhangelsk. The age of children — from 4 to 7 years. We used the test and projective techniques. The study revealed that children from single parent families had higher indicators of anxiety, insecurity, depressiveness, self-distrust, hostility, feeling of inferiority, conflicts and difficulties in communication. In families with pronounced overprotection and characteristics of an authoritarian style children had lower self- esteem and higher indicators of anxiety and hostility. Children's aggressiveness was more pronounced in the case of permissive style and instability of parenting style. It was shown that emotional well-being in the parent-child relationships can be regarded as a resource for personal development of the child: understanding the causes of child s state, empathy. However we revealed that one third part of mothers had difficulties in emotional interaction with children. The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities (project №13-06-00480 «The family as a resource of child´s mental development in stable and critical ontogenetic periods»).

Family Structure, Parent-child Relationships, and Adolescent Depression

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e413792005-123 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Kathleen J. Newcomb

Keyword(s):

Family Structure ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Structure Parent ◽

Parent–Child Leisure and Parent Affect: The Role of Family Structure

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x211010856 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0192513X2110108

Author(s):

Camilla J. Hodge ◽

Jocelyn Wikle

Keyword(s):

Family Structure ◽

Single Parents ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Structural Constraints ◽

Family Structures ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Home Based ◽

Parent Affect ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

This study evaluates differences in parent–child leisure and parent affect across single- and two-parent families. The Ecology of Family Experiences framework suggests contextual factors such as family structure and the novelty of the activity environment contribute to heterogeneity in how parents experience leisure, partly because constraints may differ across family structures. Using a large, nationally representative data sample of parents from the American Time Use Survey (N = 78,353), this study shows single-parents experience leisure deficits compared to other parents, and leisure deficits are greatest in home-based leisure. Additionally, using a subsample (N = 16,214), we found that at-home leisure is more meaningful for single parents than other parents, suggesting avoidance behaviors do not drive differences. Instead, structural constraints like time and money likely curb leisure in single-parent homes. Findings have policy implications, because many leisure programs target away-from-home leisure which is less restorative to single parents.