The wine microbial consortium: a real terroir characteristic

OENO One ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Renouf ◽  
Cécile Miot-Sertier ◽  
Pierre Strehaiano ◽  
Aline Lonvaud-Funel
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Brettanomyces Bruxellensis ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Microbial Population Dynamics ◽  
One Year

<p style="text-align: justify;">Yeast, bacteria, species and strains play a key role in the winemaking process by producing metabolites, which determine wine sensorial qualities. Therefore microbial population enumeration, species identification and strain discrimination from berry surface at harvest to storage in bottle are fundamental. The microbial diversity and significance of its variation according to the estate localization have not really been thoroughly considered in literature. This is the focus of this work. That should be of great interest because the spontaneous microbial population dynamics associated with a wine producing estate provide information on what might be considered as the method to obtain specific terroir typed wine. The both use of conventional microbiological methods like microbial population enumeration on nutritive selective media and efficient molecular tools of species identification like PCR-RFLP for yeasts and PCR-DGGE for bacteria and strains discrimination have demonstrated significant microbial differences between different estates localized in the Bordeaux area. Theses results appeared very interesting since certain microbial species are clearly specific of certain estates, in particular the bacterium Pediococcus parvulus, and also some strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, of Oenococcus oeni and Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Within an estate this specificity persists from one year to another. These differences observed suggest that the indigenous winemaking processes can contribute to the specificity of the wines produced on the various estates.. That concludes to the hypothesis of a microbial part in wines speficities.</p>

Global survey of the microbial ecosystem during alcoholic fermentation in winemaking

OENO One ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Vincent Renouf ◽  
Marie Claire Perello ◽  
Pierre Strehaiano ◽  
Aline Lonvaud-Funel
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Brettanomyces Bruxellensis ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Sluggish Fermentation

<p style="text-align: justify;">The alcoholic fermentation is a crucial winemaking step. Its failure is problematic. In spite of several studies to understand and elucidate these problems wine global microbial ecology has never been considered. Using conventional microbiological methods and sensitive molecular tools we monitored the alcoholic fermentations of different red grape varieties in several cellars located in Bordeaux area. These observations were made during three successive vintages in different oenological conditions. The effect of the addition of commercial active dried yeast and of initial cold maceration was studied. All these factors were compiled and their effects on microbial changes were investigated. Some of them acted directly on the microbial population of berries surface at the harvest time and should have impact on alcoholic fermentation. They could modify the microbial changes which in some cases could lead to sluggish fermentation. In these cases, we focused on the Brettanomyces bruxellensis spoilage problem. The risk of further contamination was discussed according to the alcoholic fermentation development.</p>

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Candida species isolated from candideamia in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Sadrossadati ◽  
Mohammad Ghahri ◽  
Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi ◽  
Shirin Sayyahfar ◽  
Sedigheh Beyraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Background and Purpose: Candidemia is one of the most important fungal infections caused by Candida species. Infections and mortality caused by Candida species have been on a growing trend during the past two decades. The resistance of yeasts to antifungal drugs and their epidemiological issues have highlighted the importance of accurately distinguishing the yeasts at the species level. The technique applied for yeast identification should be fast enough to facilitate the imminent initiation of the appropriate therapy. Candidemia has not been studied comprehensively in Iran yet. Regarding this, the current study aimed to assess the epidemiology of candidemia at Tehran hospitals and compare the results with the previous findings. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 204 positive blood cultures obtained from 125 patients hospitalized in several hospitals located in Tehran, Iran, within a period of 13 months. The yeast isolation and species identification were accomplished using several phenotypic methods (i.e., production of germ tube in human serum, culture on CHROMagar Candida, and Corn meal agar containing Tween 80) and molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In addition, unknown cases were subjected to PCR sequencing. These methods were then compared in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and speed of identification. Results: According to the results, C. albicans (62.4%) was the most common isolate, followed by C. parapsilosis (n=36, 17.5%), C. glabrata (n=18, 8.8%), C. tropicalis (n=13, 6.3%), Trichosporon asahii (n=3, 1.5%), C. kefyr (n=2, 1.0%), C. lusitaniae (n=2, 1.0%), C. intermedia (n=1, 0.5%), C. guilliermondii (n=1, 0.5%), and C. krusei (n=1, 0.5%), respectively. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the most common species causing candidemia were C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata, respectively. Children less than one year old and people with cancer were at higher risk for candidemia, compared to other groups. Moreover, phenotypic and molecular methods resulted in the identification of 65.2% and 96.6% of the isolates, respectively. Consequently, PCR-RFLP could be concluded as a more favorable technique for species identification. Keywords: Candidemia, Blood culture, Epidemiology, PCR-RFLP

scholarly journals Microbial changes during malolactic fermentation in red wine elaboration

OENO One ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Vincent Renouf ◽  
Emmanuel Gindreau ◽  
Olivier Claisse ◽  
Aline Lonvaud-Funel
Keyword(s):  
Malolactic Fermentation ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Volatile Phenols ◽  
Brettanomyces Bruxellensis ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Wine Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Micro Organisms

<p style="text-align: justify;">Winemaking is based on complex microbial interactions. They result in alcoholic and malolactic fermentation. In some cases undesirable micro-organisms pass beyond a limit and become prejudicial to wine quality. It is particularly the case of Brettanomyces bruxellensis which produces volatile phenols.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Most of wine microbial studies have been focused on only one species and that can lead to incomplete and biased results by neglecting possible interactions between the populations. The aim of this study was to obtain a global survey of wine microflora and its quantitative and qualitative changes during the malolactic fermentation, the last microbial intervention before sulphur dioxide addition. The results were obtained by chemical wine analysis, conventional microbiological methods and molecular tools for microbial identification (PCR-ITS-RFLP, PCR-DGGE). In this study, conducted under cellar scale conditions, several oenological parameters were considered: two different cellars, three grape varieties, MLF in tank or in barrels, use of malolactic starters or indigenous flora.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Interactions appeared, mainly between Oenococcus oeni and B. bruxellensis, but also between O. oeni strains. Some explanations are suggested and further investigations are proposed.</p>

Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus based on PCR-RFLP of coa gene and RAPD analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karakulska ◽  
A. Pobucewicz ◽  
P. Nawrotek ◽  
M. Muszyńska ◽  
A. Furowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Coa Gene

Molecular typing ofStaphylococcus aureusbased on PCR-RFLP ofcoagene and RAPD analysisThe aim of this study was molecular identification ofS. aureusstrains isolated from mastitic milk samples and establishing the genetic relationship between strains isolated from cows belonging to the same herd. In all 43 isolated strains thegapgene (930 bp) was amplified, which enabled their affiliation to theStaphylococcusgenus to be established. PCR-RFLP withAluI endonuclease of thegapgene as well asnuc(450 bp) andcoa(1130 bp) gene amplification allowed preciseS. aureusspecies identification. One hundred percent of the genetic relationship between strains was establishedviaRAPD-PCR and coa-typing.

Performance and microbial dynamics in the coarse pore filtration activated sludge process at different SRTs (solids retention times)

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Alavi Moghaddam ◽  
Y. Guan ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
T. Mino
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Microbial Population Dynamics ◽  
Operation Pressure ◽  
Filter Clogging

In this research, three SRTs (about 10, 30 and 75 days (without wasting the sludge except for sampling)) were applied to three reactors equipped with non-woven and coarse pore filter modules. The flux was adjusted to about 1 m/d during operation. The main objective of the study was to compare the performance and microbial population dynamics under different SRTs in this process. The results of reactors with SRTs of about 10 and 30 days have shown very good effluent quality without any clogging problem for more than 4 months of operation. For the reactor with long SRT (75 days), the filter clogging was observed after about 80 days of operation and caused an increase in the operation pressure and deterioration in effluent quality on some days. Excessive abundance of filamentous bacteria was observed in the reactor with SRT of about 10 days, which had the best effluent quality. According to the FISH results, type 021N was predominant in the reactor with long SRT, which had the clogging problem. On the other hand, other reactors (with SRTs of about 10 and 30 days) did not contain much type 021N, but some other filamentous bacteria dominated. Maximum EPS concentration (as mg/L) was observed in the reactor with long SRT. Also the abundance of two types of metazoa (Pristina sp. and tardigrades) was observed in the reactor with long SRT, which had the clogging problem and poor effluent quality.

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