scholarly journals Što je to postimperijalna suverenost? Uz Nomos zemlje – Carl Schmitt i kritičko čitanje Hanne Arendt

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-104
Author(s):  
Žarko Paić
Keyword(s):  
Carl Schmitt

Autor u članku analizira Schmittov spis Nomos zemlje postavljajući pitanje na koji se način nakon epohe nacije-države i kraha europskoga imperijalizma, što je bila i ishodišna postavka Hanne Arendt u njezinim Izvorima totalitarizma, uspostavljaju uvjeti mogućnosti političkoga djelovanja, budući da to djelovanje više nema za svoj egzistencijalni prostor ideju ukorijenjenosti u naciju kao državu s mehanizmima zaštite suverenosti s pomoću zakonodavne, izvršne i sudske vlasti zapisane u ustavu. Moć nije pritom tek državno-društvena logika upravljanja fiksnim prostorom i ograničenim teritorijem nacije-države, kako je to bilo uobičajeno od 18. stoljeća u Europi do kraja I. svjetskoga rata. Sam je Schmitt u drugome razdoblju njegova filozofijsko-pravnoga mišljenja, formalno i sadržajno nakon kraja II. svjetskoga rata, političko i politiku sagledao kao univerzalnu geopolitiku “velikoga prostora” (Großraum). Egzistencijalno- decizionistički obrat pokazuje se odlučujućim razlogom zbog čega se Schmittov pojam političkoga ne može proglasiti opravdanjem bilo kakve diktature ili totalitarizma. Odluka počiva na praznom središtu slobode, a ne moći. Nomos zemlje u postnacionalnoj konstelaciji za Schmitta na taj način postaje pitanje poretka i uprostorenja u osvajanju i prisvajanju zemlje u stalnim ratovima i sukobima s Drugim, jer je čovjek sve drugo negoli po prirodi dobar. Kritika ove pozicije u marginalijama Hanne Arendt uz Schmittovu knjigu Nomos zemlje otvara mogućnost rasprave o granicama neoimperijalizma i nove pravno-političke konstitucije svijeta nakon II. svjetskoga rata. Autor smatra da je rezultat ove aporetične i paradoksalne situacije u 21. stoljeću upravo u tzv. postimperijalnoj suverenosti kao nastavku Schmittove postavke o izvanrednom stanju na globalno-planetarnoj razini. Političko otuda prethodi politici kao što novi nomos zemlje zahtijeva obrat u razumijevanju odnosa slobode i moći.

Jacob Taubes - Carl Schmitt

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Taubes ◽  
Tanaquil Taubes ◽  
Florian Meinel
Keyword(s):  
Carl Schmitt

Divine Democracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Vatter
Keyword(s):  
Public Reason ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Jacques Maritain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Theological Foundations ◽  
The Public Sphere

The ‘return of religion’ in the public sphere and the emergence of postsecular societies have propelled the discourse of political theology into the centre of contemporary democratic theory. This situation calls forth the question addressed in this book: Is a democratic political theology possible? Carl Schmitt first developed the idea of the Christian theological foundations of modern legal and political concepts in order to criticize the secular basis of liberal democracy. He employed political theology to argue for the continued legitimacy of the absolute sovereignty of the state against the claims raised by pluralist and globalized civil society. This book shows how, after Schmitt, some of the main political theorists of the 20th century, from Jacques Maritain to Jürgen Habermas, sought to establish an affirmative connection between Christian political theology, popular sovereignty, and the legitimacy of democratic government. In so doing, the political representation of God in the world was no longer placed in the hands of hierarchical and sovereign lieutenants (Church, Empire, Nation), but in a series of democratic institutions, practices and conceptions like direct representation, constitutionalism, universal human rights, and public reason that reject the primacy of sovereignty.

Appropriating Hobbes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Boucher
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Main Claim ◽  
The World ◽  
Michael Oakeshott ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

The aim of this book is not to trace the changing fortunes of the interpretation of one of the most sophisticated and famous political philosophers who ever lived, but to glimpse here and there his place in different contexts, and how his interpreters see their own images reflected in him, or how they define themselves in contrast to him. The main claim is that there is no Hobbes independent of the interpretations that arise from his appropriation in these various contexts and which serve to present him to the world. There is no one perfect context that enables us to get at what Hobbes ‘really meant’, despite the numerous claims to the contrary. He is almost indistinguishable from the context in which he is read. This contention is justified with reference to hermeneutics, and particularly the theories of Gadamer, Koselleck, and Ricoeur, contending that through a process of ‘distanciation’ Hobbes’s writings have been appropriated and commandeered to do service in divergent contexts such as philosophical idealism; debates over the philosophical versus historical understanding of texts; and in ideological disputations, and emblematic characterizations of him by various disciplines such as law, politics, and international relations. The book illustrates the capacity of a text to take on the colouration of its surroundings by exploring and explicating the importance of contexts in reading and understanding how and why particular interpretations of Hobbes have emerged, such as those of Carl Schmitt and Michael Oakeshott, or the international jurists of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries.

Das Politische und die Kommunikation des Evangeliums

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-548
Author(s):  
Johannes-Friedrich Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Carl Schmitt

Zusammenfassung Habermas fragt vor dem Hintergrund geschwächter Kräfte der sozialen Integration in kritischem Bezug auf Carl Schmitt nach dem vernünftigen Sinn der alteuropäischen Kategorie des Politischen. Schmitt versteht seinen Begriff des Politischen im Sinne des jus reformandi, mit dem sich die Reformatoren für das Politische in seiner klassischen Gestalt und für religiösen Zwang entscheiden. Habermas erhofft sich einen komplementären Lernprozess von religiösen und säkularen Bürgern und vom eschatologischen Denken einer unter demokratischen Bedingungen erneuerten Politischen Theologie, dass es gegenüber einem idealisierenden, normativen Denken ‚Zeitempfindlichkeit‘ einklagt. Sein Ansatz bei der in Geschichte und Sprache inkarnierten Vernunft ist einer am Ereignis des Wortes Gottes und der Kommunikation des Evangeliums orientierten Theologie eng verbunden und hilft deren Bedeutung für das Politische zu klären.

Empire after Liberalism: The Transatlantic Right and Identitarian War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER VIALS
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
American Studies ◽  
White Male ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphic Novel ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The One

American studies has developed excellent critiques of post-1945 imperial modes that are grounded in human rights and Enlightenment liberalism. But to fully gauge US violence in the twenty-first century, we also need to more closely consider antiliberal cultural logics. This essay traces an emergent mode of white nationalist militarism that it calls Identitarian war. It consists, on the one hand, of a formal ideology informed by Identitarian ethno-pluralism and Carl Schmitt, and, on the other, an openly violent white male “structure of feeling” embodied by the film and graphic novel 300, a key source text for the transatlantic far right.

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