scholarly journals Thermodynamics of phase equilibrium in solid-liquid and solid-gas systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Y. I. Shishatskii ◽  
A. A. Derkanosova ◽  
S. A. Tolstov
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Gibbs Equation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Thermodynamic Potentials ◽  
Solid Liquid

The thermodynamic equilibrium of a two-phase system is described by the Gibbs equation, which includes state parameters. On the basis of the Gibbs equation and the combined equation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic potentials are written: internal energy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy. If the two phases are in equilibrium, then the temperatures, pressures and chemical potentials of these phases are equal to each other. Equalities express the conditions of thermal and mechanical equilibrium, as well as the condition for the absence of a driving force for the transfer of a component across the interface. For a two-phase system, the Gibbs-Duhem equation connects the volume and entropy of 1 mole of the mixture, the content of any component, expressed in mole fractions. Extraction from lupine particles with cheese whey (solid-liquid system) is considered. The driving force of the extraction process in the solid-liquid system is the difference between the concentration of the solvent at the surface of the solid C and its average concentration C0 in the bulk of the solution. The concentration at the interface is usually taken to be equal to the concentration of a saturated solution of Cn, since equilibrium is established rather quickly near the surface of a solid. Then the driving force of the process is expressed as Cn – C0. A curve for the extraction of extractives from lupine with cheese whey was plotted by superimposing low-frequency mechanical vibrations.

scholarly journals Research on the Extraction Process in Aqueous Two-Phase System of Moringa Leaf Flavonoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xueqin Zhang ◽  
Qian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System ◽  
Solid Liquid

Moringa leaves were used as raw materials, ethanol and ammonium sulfate were used to construct a aqueous two-phase system to extract the flavonoids from Moringa leaves. The solid-liquid ratio, ethanol content, ultrasonic extraction time, and ultrasonic extraction temperature were selected as single factors, and the extraction process of flavonoids was optimized through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The optimal process was: 1:110 of solid-liquid ratio, 45 % of ethanol concentration, 15 minutes of ultrasonic extraction time, 70 °C of ultrasonic extraction temperature. Under this condition, the extraction rate of Moringa leaf flavonoids reached 8.37 %.

Darzens glycidic ester condensation of benzaldehyde in solid-liquid two-phase system

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikai Kimura ◽  
Kageaki Kashiwaya ◽  
Koichi Murai ◽  
Hiroyuki Katada
Keyword(s):  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Ester Condensation ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Studies on Nisin Production by Isolated Lactobacillus Species in Aqueous Two-phase System

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Namita Singh ◽  
S. K. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nisin Production ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System

Isolated lactobacillus sp.(from cheese whey) was examined for its ability to produce bacteriocin like nisin in submerged fermentation and aqueous two-phase system(ATPS) at pH 6.5, 30.C for 18 h fermentation using M17S medium with 5%(v/v) inoculum and the nisin yields were obtained 4500 IU/ml and 20216 IU/ml where as biomass yield obtained 19.55 mg/ml and 31.88 mg/ml respectively.The maximum yield of nisin (24800 IU/ml) and biomass (22.49 mg/ml) were obtained in ATPS (28% PEG 6000 and 4% MgSO4.7H20 with 5-times concentrated M17 medium containing 0.5% lactose as carbon source) under similar conditions.

Facile Synthesis of Polysubstituted Cyclopropanes in a Two-Phase Solid-Liquid System

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1651-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chaoguo ◽  
Kong Qiangzhi ◽  
Lu Wenxing ◽  
Wu Jitao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid System ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Extraction and Purification of Capsaicin from Capsicum Oleoresin Using a Combination of Tunable Aqueous Polymer-Phase Impregnated Resin (TAPPIR) Extraction and Chromatography Technology

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu ◽  
Cui
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Polymer Phase ◽  
Macroporous Resin ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Extraction Step

Capsaicin, which mainly comes from pepper, exhibits anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-obesity properties. This work aims to construct a comprehensive technology for the extraction and purification of capsaicin from capsicum oleoresin. The tunable aqueous polymer phase impregnated HZ816 resins were selected in extraction step. In the extraction process, 3 g of impregnated HZ816 macroporous resin was employed per system. The results showed that a higher molecular weight of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([Emim] [OAc]) are more beneficial to the improvement of the yield of capsaicin. Screening experiment using fractional factorial designs indicated that the amount of sample loading, pH, and concentration of [Emim] [OAc] and PEG 6000 significantly affect the yield of capsaicin. Mathematical models of capsaicin yield in tunable aqueous polymer-phase impregnated resins were established and optimum condition was obtained using response surface methodology. The optimum impregnated phase was the polymer phase of an aqueous two-phase system which contained 18.5% (w/w) PEG6000, 15% (w/w) sodium citrate, and 10% (w/w) [Emim] [OAc] at pH 6.5. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of capsaicin reached 95.82% when the extraction system contains 0.25 g capsicum oleoresin. Ultimately, capsaicinoids extract was purified by reverse-phase resin (SKP-10-4300) chromatographic column. The capsaicin recovery and purity achieved 85% and 92%, respectively.

Biogas production from cheese whey wastewater: laboratory- and full-scale studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1320-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stamatelatou ◽  
N. Giantsiou ◽  
V. Diamantis ◽  
C. Alexandridis ◽  
A. Alexandridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cheese Production

A two-phase system for biogas production from cheese whey wastewater (CWW) was designed, set up and operated at laboratory and full scale for a whole cheese production season (8–9 months). The high efficiency and stability of the laboratory-scale system was demonstrated under various organic loading rates (OLRs) reaching 13 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) L−1d−1 and producing up to 9 L L−1d−1 of biogas (approximately 55% in methane). The COD removal was above 95% and the pH was maintained above 6.3 without any chemical addition. The full-scale system was operated at lower OLRs than its normal capacity, following the good response and high stability in disturbances of the laboratory-scale unit.

Crown Ether-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fulvenes in a Solid-Liquid Two-Phase System

Synthesis ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 1980 (10) ◽  
pp. 799-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Alper ◽  
David E. Laycock
Keyword(s):  
Crown Ether ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solid Liquid
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