scholarly journals An Observable Prerequisite for the Existence of Persistent Currents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Szeftel ◽  
Nicolas Sandeau ◽  
Michel Abou Ghantous
Keyword(s):  
Classical Model ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Superconducting Materials ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Persistent Currents ◽  
Joule Effect ◽  
Ohm’S Law ◽  
Normal Metals ◽  
Superconducting Sample ◽  
Ohm's Law

A classical model is presented for persistent currents in superconductors. Their existence is argued to be warranted because their decay would violate the second law of thermodynamics. This conclusion is achieved by analyzing comparatively Ohm's law and the Joule effect in normal metals and superconducting materials. Whereas Ohm's law applies in identical terms in both cases, the Joule effect is shown to cause the temperature of a superconducting sample to \textit{decrease}. An experiment is proposed to check the validity of this work in superconductors of both types I and II.

Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Second Law

1938 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
R. D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Second Law ◽  
Ohm’S Law ◽  
Ohm's Law

scholarly journals Misconception Profile of Prospective Physics Teachers Assessed from Various Representations of Electricity Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zuhdi ◽  
Ahmad Busyairi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Physics Teachers ◽  
Physics Teacher ◽  
Ohm’S Law ◽  
Test Items ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ohm's Law ◽  
Descriptive Method

Misconception is one of the important problems that often arise in education. The objective of this study is identify misconceptions in the subject of Electricty that occur in prospective teachers. The method used in this research is descriptive method. A total of 25 pre-service physics teacher candidates at a university in the Mataram City were involved in this study. The instrument used in this study was a three-tier test. This study use a total of 40 test items. These questions are classified into two types of representation, namely; verbal and figural. The results showed that 88.1% of prospective physics teachers had misconceptions on Kirchoff's first law, 94.8% misconceptions on Kichoff's second law concept, 91.7% misconceptions on Ohm's Law concept and 85.9% on electrical sources concepts. The results of the study show that 72.3% of prospective physics teachers had misconceptions on verbal type questions and 84.2% misconceptions on figural types

scholarly journals The original Wigner’s friend paradox within a realist toy model

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2254) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Lostaglio ◽  
Joseph Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Unitary Evolution ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
External Agent ◽  
Wigner’S Friend ◽  
Objective State ◽  
State Of Affairs

The original Wigner’s friend paradox is a gedankenexperiment involving an observer described by an external agent. The paradox highlights the tension between unitary evolution and collapse in quantum theory, and is sometimes taken as requiring a reassessment of the notion of objective reality. In this note, however, we present a classical toy model in which (i) the contradicting predictions at the heart of the thought experiment are reproduced (ii) every system is in a well-defined state at all times. The toy model shows how puzzles such as Wigner’s friend’s experience of being in a superposition, conflicts between different agents’ descriptions of the experiment, the positioning of the Heisenberg’s cut and the apparent lack of objectivity of measurement outcomes can be explained within a classical model where there exists an objective state of affairs about every physical system at all times. Within the model, the debate surrounding the original Wigner’s friend thought experiment and its resolution have striking similarities with arguments concerning the nature of the second law of thermodynamics. The same conclusion however does not apply to more recent extensions of the gedankenexperiment featuring multiple encapsulated observers, and shows that such extensions are indeed necessary avoid simple classical explanations.

OHM'S LAW IS THE GENERAL LAW OF EXACT SCIENCES

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Alexandrovich Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Ohm’S Law ◽  
General Law ◽  
Ohm's Law

First and second laws of thermodynamics: relationship, “inconsistency”, hidden effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
A. M. Savchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Konovalov ◽  
A. V. Laushkin
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Entropy Of Mixing ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the first and second laws of thermodynamics based on their energy nature is considered. It is noted that the processes described by the second law of thermodynamics often take place hidden within the system, which makes it difficult to detect them. Nevertheless, even with ideal mixing, an increase in the internal energy of the system occurs, numerically equal to an increase in free energy. The largest contribution to the change in the value of free energy is made by the entropy of mixing, which has energy significance. The entropy of mixing can do the job, which is confirmed in particular by osmotic processes.

The Analogical Turn (1884–1887)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Darrigol
Keyword(s):  
Boltzmann Equation ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Equipartition Theorem ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
H Theorem

This chapter recounts how Boltzmann reacted to Hermann Helmholtz’s analogy between thermodynamic systems and a special kind of mechanical system (the “monocyclic systems”) by grouping all attempts to relate thermodynamics to mechanics, including the kinetic-molecular analogy, into a family of partial analogies all derivable from what we would now call a microcanonical ensemble. At that time, Boltzmann regarded ensemble-based statistical mechanics as the royal road to the laws of thermal equilibrium (as we now do). In the same period, he returned to the Boltzmann equation and the H theorem in reply to Peter Guthrie Tait’s attack on the equipartition theorem. He also made a non-technical survey of the second law of thermodynamics seen as a law of probability increase.

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