scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Lowbush Blueberry throughout its U.S. Native Range in Managed and Non-managed Populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Beers ◽  
Jeannie Rowland ◽  
Francis Drummond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Expressed sequenced tagged-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) molecular markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of lowbush blueberry across its geographic range and to compare genetic diversity among four paired managed/non-managed populations. Seventeen lowbush blueberry populations were sampled in a general north south transect throughout eastern United States with distances between 27 km to 1600 km separating populations. Results show that the majority of genetic variation is found within populations (75%) versus among populations (25%), and that each population was genetically unique (P ≤ 0.0001) with the exception of the Jonesboro, ME and Lubec, ME populations that were found not to be significantly different (P = 0.228). The effects of management for commercial fruit harvesting on genetic diversity were investigated in four locations in Maine with paired managed and non-managed populations. Significant differences were found between the populations indicating that commercial management influences the genetic diversity of lowbush blueberries in the landscape, despite the fact that planting does not occur; forests are harvested and the existing understory blueberry plants are what become established.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Lowbush Blueberry throughout the United States in Managed and Non-Managed Populations

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Beers ◽  
Lisa J. Rowland ◽  
Francis Drummond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Expressed sequenced tagged-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) molecular markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of lowbush blueberry across its geographic range and to compare diversity among four paired managed/non-managed populations. Seventeen populations were sampled in a north–south transect throughout the eastern United States with 27 km to 1600 km separating populations. The majority of genetic variation was found within populations (75%) with each population genetically unique (p ≤ 0.0001) with the exception of the Jonesboro, ME, and Lubec, ME, populations. The effects of management for commercial fruit harvesting on genetic diversity were investigated in four locations in Maine with paired managed and non-managed populations. Significant differences were found between the populations indicating that commercial management for fruit production influences the diversity of lowbush blueberries in the landscape, even though planting does not occur. Forests are harvested and the existing understory blueberry plants become established.

scholarly journals Transmission of the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis Bacterium Xylella fastidiosa with the Sharpshooter Oncometopia nigricans

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Brlansky ◽  
V. D. Damsteegt ◽  
J. S. Hartung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Citrus Variegated Chlorosis ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is an economically important, destructive disease in Brazil and is caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells. The bacterium has been found to be transmitted in Brazil by sharpshooter leafhoppers (Cicadellidae). Sharpshooters are present in most citrus growing areas of the United States. The sharpshooter leafhopper, Oncometopia nigricans Walker, frequently is found feeding on citrus in Florida. This sharpshooter transmits the X. fastidiosa strains that cause Pierce's disease of grape and ragweed stunt. Research was initiated to determine if O. nigricans was capable of vectoring the X. fastidiosa that causes CVC. In 59 different transmission tests, using 1 to 57 insects per test, transmission of the bacterium was observed 12 times (20.3%). Symptom development in the greenhouse was not a reliable indicator of transmission. Transmission was verified by specific polymerase chain reaction-based assays. Individual insects were able to transmit the bacterium. This information on sharpshooter transmission of CVC is needed to assess the threat posed by the CVC disease to the citrus industries in the United States.

scholarly journals Psittacine beak and feather disease virus in budgerigars and ring-neck parakeets in South Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Albertyn ◽  
K.M. Tajbhai ◽  
R.R. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Feather Disease Virus ◽  
Viral Isolates

Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is a common disease of the psittacine species and is caused by the psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV). In this study the occurrence of the disease in ring-neck parakeets and budgerigars in South Africa suffering from feathering problems, using polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic test was investigated. The genetic variation between viral isolates was also studied. Results indicate that PBFDV can be attributed to being the cause of feathering problems in some of the ring-neck parakeets and budgerigars in South Africa. Genetic variation of isolates occurs between species and individuals. A cheap and easy to use method of blood sample collection on filter paper for diagnostic purposes was also evaluated. It proved to be less stressful to the birds and did not inhibit further processes.

scholarly journals Two Distinct Genotypes of Spissistilus festinus (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera, Membracidae) in the United States Revealed by Phylogenetic and Morphological Analyses

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cieniewicz ◽  
Victoria Poplaski ◽  
Melina Brunelli ◽  
Jason Dombroskie ◽  
Marc Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus

Spissistilus festinus (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) is a frequent pest of leguminous crops in the Southern United States, and a vector of grapevine red blotch virus. There is currently no information on the genetic diversity of S. festinus. In this study, populations of S. festinus were collected in 2015–2017 from various crops and geographic locations in the United States, and fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase 1 (mt-COI) gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region were characterized by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the mt-COI and ITS2 sequences yielded similar phylogenetic tree topologies, revealing two distinct genetic S. festinus lineages with all of the specimens from California comprising one phylogenetic clade, alongside a single GenBank entry from Arizona, and all specimens from the Southeastern United States comprising a statistically-supported distinct clade, regardless of host and year of collection. The mt-COI gene fragment showed up to 10.8% genetic distance between the two phylogenetic clades. These results suggest the existence of two genotypes within S. festinus in the United States. The only distinct morphological trait between the two genotypes was a less elevated pronotum in the representative specimens from California, compared to the representative specimens from the Southeastern United States. Since this phenotypic feature is inconspicuous, a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction targeting a variable region of the mt-COI fragment was developed to reliably distinguish between the specimens of the two genotypes of S. festinus and to facilitate their specific identification.

scholarly journals Nonpneumococcal Streptococci Confounding Polymerase Chain Reaction Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae in United States Colonized Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda C. Lessa ◽  
Jennifer Milucky ◽  
Nadine Rouphael ◽  
Nancy M. Bennett ◽  
H. Keipp Talbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism determined by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction: convenient alternative to phenotyping by isoelectric focusing

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2087-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kontula ◽  
K Aalto-Setälä ◽  
T Kuusi ◽  
L Hämäläinen ◽  
A C Syvänen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Variant Form ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Three common alleles determine six apolipoprotein E (apo E) phenotypes that are associated with variations in serum cholesterol in the population. This genetic variation results from single nucleotide alterations at two DNA loci encoding the amino acid residues 112 and 158 of apo E. We compared results of apo E phenotyping carried out by isoelectric focusing with those of apo E genotyping accomplished by direct DNA analysis. In the latter, the target DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently analyzed by digestion with the restriction enzyme Hha I, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cleavage products. With one exception, these two techniques yielded similar results from all 40 samples tested. In addition, a rare variant form of apo E (phenotype E1) was analyzed separately and incorrectly diagnosed as E2 by the Hha I digestion method; the anticipated mutation in the codon 127 was, however, confirmed by demonstration of a new Taq I restriction site in this variant gene. These data confirm that the common isoforms of apo E usually arise from genetic variation of the codons 112 and 158 and demonstrate the feasibility of the PCR technique in apo E genotyping.

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