scholarly journals General Quantum Theory: I ---- Deducing Quantum Physics and Solving Two Origin Crisises of Wave-Particle Duality and the First Quantization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
Yong-Chang Huang ◽  
Jia-Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Classical Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Solid Bases

Density distribution function of classical statistical mechanics is generally generalized as a product of a general complex function and its complex Hermitian conjugate function, and the average of classical statistical mechanics is generalized as the average of the quantum mechanics. Furthermore, this paper derives three ones of the five axiom presumptions of quantum mechanics, e.g., deduces Schrȍdinger equation by two general ways, makes the three axiom presumptions into three theorems of quantum mechanics, not only solves the crisis to hard understand, but also gets new theories and new discoveries, e.g., this paper solves the crisis of the origin of the wave-particle duality, derives operators, eigenvalues and eigenstates, deduces commutation relations for coordinate and momentum as well as the time and energy, and discovers quantum mechanics is just a generalization ( mechanics ) theory of the complex square root of ( real density function of ) classical statistical mechanics. Quantum mechanics being just a generalization theory of the complex square root of classical statistical mechanics is both new physics and revolutionary discovery, which are affecting people’s deep philosophical thinking for modern physics development, solve all the crisises of quantum mechanics, quantum information and so on, and make quantum mechanics have scientific solid bases being checked and both no basic axiom presumption and no all the quantum strange incomprehensible properties, because classical statistical mechanics and the complex square root of classical statistical mechanics have the scientific solid bases being checked. In addition, this paper discovers the reason no taking the time derivative of space coordinates in Schrȍdinger equation. Therefore, this paper gives solution to the crisis of the first quantization origin, and mainly deduces quantum physics no all the quantum current strange incomprehensible properties.

scholarly journals General Quantum Theory No Axiom Presumption: I ----Quantum Mechanics and Solutions to Crisises of Origins of Both Wave-Particle Duality and the First Quantization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
Yong-Chang Huang ◽  
Jia-Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Conjugate Function ◽  
Classical Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Modern Physics

Density distribution function of classical statistical mechanics is generally generalized as a product of a general complex function and its complex Hermitian conjugate function, and the average of classical statistical mechanics is generalized as the average of the quantum mechanics. Furthermore, this paper derives three ones of the five axiom presumptions of quantum mechanics, e.g., deduces Schrȍdinger equation by two general ways, makes the three axiom presumptions into three theorems of quantum mechanics, not only solves the crisis to hard understand, but also gets new theories and new discoveries, e.g., this paper solves the crisis of the origin of the wave-particle duality (i.e., complementary principle), derives operators, eigenvalues and eigenstates, deduces commutation relations for coordinate and momentum as well as the time and energy, and discovers quantum mechanics is just a generalization ( mechanics ) theory of the complex square root of ( real density function of ) classical statistical mechanics, which will make people renew thinking modern physics development. In addition, this paper discovers the reason that Schrȍdinger equation doesn’t takes the time derivative of space coordinates. Therefore, this paper gives solution to the Crisis of the first quantization origin.

scholarly journals General Quantum Theory: II ----Measuring & Identical Theorems, Origins & Classifications of Entanglements and Solution to Crisis of Wave Collapse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
Yong-Chang Huang ◽  
Yi-You Nie
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Classical Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Wave Collapse ◽  
Modern Physics

This paper derives measurement and identical principles, then makes the two principles into measurement and identical theorems of quantum mechanics, plus the three theorems derived earlier, we deduce the axiom system of current quantum mechanics, the general quantum theory no axiom presumptions not only solves the crisis to understand in current quantum mechanics, but also obtains new discoveries, e.g., discovers the velocities of quantum collapse and entanglement are instantaneously infinitely large. We deduce the general Schrȍdinger equation of any n particles from two aspects, and the wave function not only has particle properties of the complex square root state vector of the classical probability density of any n particles, but also has the plane wave properties of any n particles. Thus, the current crisis of the dispute about the origin of wave- particle duality of any n microscopic particles is solved. We display the classical locality and quantum non-locality for any n particle system, show entanglement origins, and discover not only any n-particle wave function system has the original, superposition and across entanglements, but also the entanglements are of interactions preserving conservation or correlation, three kinds of entanglements directly give lots of entanglement sources. This paper discovers, one of two pillars of modern physics, quantum mechanics of any n particle system is a generalization ( mechanics ) theory of the complex square root ( of real density function ) of classical statistical mechanics, any n particle system’s quantum mechanics of being just a generalization theory of the complex square root of classical statistical mechanics is both a revolutionary discovery and key new physics, which are influencing people’s philosophical thinking for modern physics, solve all the crisises in current quantum theories, quantum information and so on, and make quantum theory have scientific solid foundations checked, no basic axiom presumption and no all quantum strange incomprehensible properties, because classical statistical mechanics and its complex square root have scientific solid foundations checked. Thus, all current studies on various entanglements and their uses to quantum computer, quantum information and so on must be further updated and classified by the new entanglements. This and our early papers derive quantum physics, solve all crisises of basses of quantum mechanics, e.g., wave-particle duality & the first quantization origins, quantum nonlocality, entanglement origins & classifications, wave collapse and so on.Key words: quantum mechanics, operator, basic presumptions, wave-particle duality, principle of measurement, identical principle, superposition principle of states, entanglement origin, quantum communication, wave collapse, classical statistical mechanics, classical mechanics

scholarly journals Classical and Quantum Physics in Selected Economic Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Drabik
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty

Classical and Quantum Physics in Selected Economic ModelsA growing number of economic phenomena are nowadays described with methods known in physics. The most frequently applied physical theories by economists are: (1) the universal gravitation law and (2) the first and second law of thermodynamics. Physical principles can also be applied to the theory of financial markets. Financial markets are composed of individual participants who may be seen to interact as particles in a physical system. This approach proposes a financial market model known as a minority game model in which securities and money are allocated on the basis of price fluctuations, and where selling is best option when the vast majority of investors tend to purchase goods or services, and vice versa. The players who end up being on the minority side win.The above applications of physical methods in economics are deeply rooted in classical physics. However, this paper aims to introduce the basic concepts of quantum mechanics to the process of economic phenomena modelling. Quantum mechanics is a theory describing the behaviour of microscopic objects and is grounded on the principle of wave-particle duality. It is assumed that quantum-scale objects at the same time exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. The key role in quantum mechanics is played by: (1) the Schrödinger equation describing the probability amplitude for the particle to be found in a given position and at a given time, and as (2) the Heisenberg uncertainty principle stating that certain pairs of physical properties cannot be economic applications of the Schrödinger equation as well as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. We also try to describe the English auction by means the quantum mechanics methods.

scholarly journals General Quantum Theory No Axiom Presumption: I ----Quantum Mechanics and Solutions to Crisises of Origins of Both Wave-Particle Duality and the First Quantization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
Yong-Chang Huang ◽  
Jia-Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Conjugate Function ◽  
Classical Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
General Complex ◽  
Hermitian Conjugate

Density distribution function of classical statistical mechanics is generally generalized as a product of a general complex function and its complex Hermitian conjugate function, and the average of classical statistical mechanics is generalized as the average of the quantum mechanics. Furthermore, this paper derives three ones of the five axiom presumptions of quantum mechanics, makes the three axiom presumptions into three theorems of quantum mechanics, not only solves the crisis to hard understand, but also gets new theories and new discoveries, e.g., this paper solves the crisis of the origin of the wave-particle duality (i.e., complementary principle), derives operators, eigenvalues and eigenstates, deduces commutation relations for coordinate and momentum as well as the time and energy, and discovers quantum mechanics is just a generalization ( mechanics ) theory of the square root of ( density function of ) classical statistical mechanics, which will make people renew thinking modern physics development. In addition, this paper discovers the reason why the time derivative of Schrȍdinger doesn’t takes the derivative of space coordinates. Therefore, this paper gives solution to the Crisis of the first quantization origin.

scholarly journals If quantum mechanics is the solution, what should the problem be?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Many Worlds ◽  
Interpretations Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Universal Law

The paper addresses the problem, which quantum mechanics resolves in fact. Its viewpoint suggests that the crucial link of time and its course is omitted in understanding the problem. The common interpretation underlain by the history of quantum mechanics sees discreteness only on the Plank scale, which is transformed into continuity and even smoothness on the macroscopic scale. That approach is fraught with a series of seeming paradoxes. It suggests that the present mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics is only partly relevant to its problem, which is ostensibly known. The paper accepts just the opposite: The mathematical solution is absolute relevant and serves as an axiomatic base, from which the real and yet hidden problem is deduced. Wave-particle duality, Hilbert space, both probabilistic and many-worlds interpretations of quantum mechanics, quantum information, and the Schrödinger equation are included in that base. The Schrödinger equation is understood as a generalization of the law of energy conservation to past, present, and future moments of time. The deduced real problem of quantum mechanics is: “What is the universal law describing the course of time in any physical change therefore including any mechanical motion?”

ON THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH TIME AND ITS SQUARE ROOT REPRESENTATION IN THE SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (25) ◽  
pp. 1557-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. TKACH ◽  
A. I. PASHNEV ◽  
J. J. ROSALES
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Equal Footing

In the present work we obtain the N=2 superconformal version of quantum mechanics with time considered as dynamical on an equal footing with other variables. The resulting supersymmetric system of constraints realizes the square root representation of the Schrödinger equation with time.

scholarly journals If quantum mechanics is the solution, what should the problem be?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Many Worlds ◽  
Interpretations Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Universal Law

The paper addresses the problem, which quantum mechanics resolves in fact. Its viewpoint suggests that the crucial link of time and its course is omitted in understanding the problem. The common interpretation underlain by the history of quantum mechanics sees discreteness only on the Plank scale, which is transformed into continuity and even smoothness on the macroscopic scale. That approach is fraught with a series of seeming paradoxes. It suggests that the present mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics is only partly relevant to its problem, which is ostensibly known. The paper accepts just the opposite: The mathematical solution is absolute relevant and serves as an axiomatic base, from which the real and yet hidden problem is deduced. Wave-particle duality, Hilbert space, both probabilistic and many-worlds interpretations of quantum mechanics, quantum information, and the Schrödinger equation are included in that base. The Schrödinger equation is understood as a generalization of the law of energy conservation to past, present, and future moments of time. The deduced real problem of quantum mechanics is: “What is the universal law describing the course of time in any physical change therefore including any mechanical motion?”

scholarly journals Quantum Physics in Phase Space: an Analysis of Simple Pendulum

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Wigner Function ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Symplectic Structure ◽  
Unitary Representations ◽  
Galilei Group ◽  
Simple Pendulum

In this work we present a brief review about quantum mechanics in phase space. The approach discussed is based in the notion of symplectic structure and star-operators. In this sense, unitary representations for the Galilei group are construct, and the Schrodinger equation in phase space is derived. The connection between phase space amplitudes and Wigner function is presented. As a new result we solved the Schrodinger equation in phase space for simple pendulum. PACS Numbers: 11.10.Nx, 11.30.Cp, 05.20.Dd

On stochastic theories of quantum mechanics

1968 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Gilson
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Stochastic Theory ◽  
Probabilistic Interpretation ◽  
Linear Superposition ◽  
Formal Similarity ◽  
Similar Solutions

Introduction. There exists a very comprehensive theory concerning the time development of probabilistic systems. This is the Theory of Stochastic processes (1). Quantum mechanics as described by the Schrödinger equation rests very heavily on probabilistic interpretation, and yet, after forty years of remarkably rapid advances and successes, it is not clear how it is related to stochastic theory. The formal similarity of certain aspects of, and equations used in these two theories are well known. The diffusion equation corresponds to the Schrödinger equation, a correspondence only marred by a square root of minus unity appearing with the time derivative in the latter equation. The Kolmogoroff–Chapman relation for probabilities in Brownian motion has an analogue (2) in quantum mechanics, not for probabilities though, but for the complex probability amplitudes. The uncertainty relation also has a stochastic analogue (3). Some of these analogous characteristics are actually symptomatic of the gulf which separates these two theories. There are solutions to the diffusion equation which have a very clear physical probabilistic meaning. This is not the case with the corresponding and formally similar solutions to the Schrödinger equation and is partly due to the √ − 1 mentioned earlier. The probabilistic interpretation of the solutions to the diffusion equation is direct and immediate. On the other hand, the probabilistic interpretation of the solutions, ψ of the Schrödinger equation involve the introduction of the probability density, p = ψ*ψ. One great difference between these two theories lies in their each having distinct principles of linear superposition. In Stochastic Theory probabilities are superposed and in quantum mechanics amplitudes or wave functions are superposed.

scholarly journals If quantum mechanics is the solution, what should the problem be?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Many Worlds ◽  
Interpretations Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Universal Law

The paper addresses the problem, which quantum mechanics resolves in fact. Its viewpoint suggests that the crucial link of time and its course is omitted in understanding the problem. The common interpretation underlain by the history of quantum mechanics sees discreteness only on the Plank scale, which is transformed into continuity and even smoothness on the macroscopic scale. That approach is fraught with a series of seeming paradoxes. It suggests that the present mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics is only partly relevant to its problem, which is ostensibly known. The paper accepts just the opposite: The mathematical solution is absolute relevant and serves as an axiomatic base, from which the real and yet hidden problem is deduced. Wave-particle duality, Hilbert space, both probabilistic and many-worlds interpretations of quantum mechanics, quantum information, and the Schrödinger equation are included in that base. The Schrödinger equation is understood as a generalization of the law of energy conservation to past, present, and future moments of time. The deduced real problem of quantum mechanics is: “What is the universal law describing the course of time in any physical change therefore including any mechanical motion?”

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