scholarly journals Integrated Impact Assessment of Active Travel: Expanding the Scope of the Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for Walking and Cycling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Götschi ◽  
Sonja Kahlmeier ◽  
Alberto Castro Fernandez ◽  
Christian Brand ◽  
Nick Cavill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Mode Shift

The World Health Organization’s Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling is a user-friendly web-based tool to assess health impacts of active travel. HEAT, developed over 10 years ago, has been used by researchers, planners and policymakers alike in appraisals of walking and cycling policies of both national and more local scales. HEAT has undergone regular upgrades adopting the latest scientific evidence. This article presents the most recent upgrades of the tool. Health impacts of walking and/or cycling in a specified population are quantified in terms of premature deaths avoided (or caused). In addition to the calculation of benefits from physical activity, HEAT was recently expanded to include assessments of the burden associated with air pollution exposure and crash risks while walking or cycling. Further, impacts on carbon emissions from mode shift to active travel modes can now be assessed. Monetization of impacts using Value of Statistical Life and Social Costs of Carbon now uses country-specific values. As active travel inherently results in often substantial health benefits as well as not always negligible risks, assessments of active travel behaviour or policies are incomplete without considering health implications. The recent developments of HEAT make it easier than ever to obtain ballpark estimates of health impacts and carbon emissions related to walking and cycling.

scholarly journals Integrated Impact Assessment of Active Travel: Expanding the Scope of the Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for Walking and Cycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7361
Author(s):  
Thomas Götschi ◽  
Sonja Kahlmeier ◽  
Alberto Castro ◽  
Christian Brand ◽  
Nick Cavill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Premature Deaths

The World Health Organization’s Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling is a user-friendly web-based tool to assess the health impacts of active travel. HEAT, developed over 10 years ago, has been used by researchers, planners and policymakers alike in appraisals of walking and cycling policies at both national and more local scales. HEAT has undergone regular upgrades adopting the latest scientific evidence. This article presents the most recent upgrades of the tool. The health impacts of walking and/or cycling in a specified population are quantified in terms of premature deaths avoided (or caused). In addition to the calculation of benefits derived from physical activity, HEAT was recently expanded to include assessments of the burden associated with air pollution exposure and crash risks while walking or cycling. Further, the impacts on carbon emissions from mode shifts to active travel modes can now be assessed. The monetization of impacts using Value of Statistical Life and Social Costs of Carbon now uses country-specific values. As active travel inherently results in often substantial health benefits as well as not always negligible risks, assessments of active travel behavior or policies are incomplete without considering health implications. The recent developments of HEAT make it easier than ever to obtain ballpark estimates of health impacts and carbon emissions related to walking and cycling.

The Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling: From evidence to advocacy on active transport

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. S69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cavill ◽  
S. Kahlmeier ◽  
H. Dinsdale ◽  
T. Ĝtschi ◽  
P. Oja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Assessment

scholarly journals Mortality Implications of Increased Active Mobility for a Proposed Regional Transportation Emission Cap-and-Invest Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Raifman ◽  
Kathy Fallon Lambert ◽  
Jonathan I. Levy ◽  
Patrick L. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Investment Allocation ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe transportation sector is now the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the USA. The Transportation Climate Initiative (TCI), a partnership of 12 states and the District of Columbia currently under development, would implement a cap-and-invest program to reduce transportation sector emissions across the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region, including substantial investment in cycling and pedestrian infrastructure. Using outputs from an investment scenario model and the World Health Organization Health Economic Assessment Tool methodology, we estimate the mortality implications of increased active mobility and their monetized value for three different investment allocation scenarios considered by TCI policymakers. We conduct these analyses for all 378 counties in the TCI region. We find that even for the scenario with the smallest investment in active mobility, when it is fully implemented, TCI would result in hundreds of fewer deaths per year across the region, with monetized benefits in the billions of dollars annually. Under all scenarios considered, the monetized benefits from deaths avoided substantially exceed the direct infrastructure costs of investment. We conclude that investing proceeds in active mobility infrastructure is a cost-effective way of reducing mortality, especially in urban areas, providing a strong motivation for investment in modernization of the transportation system and further evidence of the health co-benefits of climate action.

Investigating public health impacts of deer in a protected drinking water supply watershed

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cinque ◽  
M. A. Stevens ◽  
S. R. Haydon ◽  
A. R. Jex ◽  
R. B. Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Water Safety Plans

The World Health Organisation's (WHO) Water Safety Plans highlight the need for preventative risk management when managing water contamination risks. As part of this approach, a management framework incorporating multiple barriers is necessary and there is a need to validate those barriers through scientific evidence. This paper reports on a study undertaken to validate the effectiveness, in terms of pathogen numbers, of having protected watersheds. The study aimed to determine if the deer population in a protected watershed carried Cryptosporidium and whether or not it was human infectious. Deer faecal samples were collected from the protected watersheds over a 12 month period and analysed using a new method, developed as part of this project, for genotyping Cryptosporidium. Early results showed the presence of Cryptosporidium, but following a refinement in the method no human infectious Cryptosporidium was detected. The results give some confidence that having protected watersheds is an effective barrier against pathogen contamination. They do not, however, imply that continued monitoring and management of the deer should cease. To maintain compliance with the Water Safety Plans, continual validation of barrier effectiveness is required.

The WHO health economic assessment tool for walking and cycling: how to quantify impacts of active mobility

2020 ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kahlmeier ◽  
Francesca Racioppi ◽  
Thomas Götschi ◽  
Alberto Castro ◽  
Nick Cavill
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Assessment

WORKING WITH NON-HEALTH SECTORS: A REVIEW OF EXPERIENCES WITH ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO PROMOTE CYCLING AND WALKING: THE HEALTH ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT TOOL (HEAT)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Racioppi ◽  
Sonja Kahlmeier ◽  
Thomas Götschi ◽  
Nick Cavill ◽  
Charlie Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Assessment

Developing a Cycling Crash Risk Module for the Health Economic Assessment Tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S70
Author(s):  
Alberto Castro ◽  
James Woodcock ◽  
Thomas Götschi
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Crash Risk

scholarly journals Major investment in active travel in Outer London: impacts on travel behaviour, physical activity, and health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Aldred ◽  
James Woodcock ◽  
Anna Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The People

Introduction: This paper analyses three years’ data from the People and Places longitudinal study. This study examines the travel behaviour impact of major investments in active travel infrastructure in three Outer London boroughs (the ‘mini-Hollands programme’).Methods: The People and Places survey, conducted annually in May-June, treats the mini-Holland interventions as a ‘natural experiment’. Participants in other Outer London boroughs form a control group. The survey had over 3,000 respondents at baseline (May-June 2016). Three follow-up waves each had over 1400 repeat respondents. A difference-in-differences analysis was used to compare changes in active travel uptake in intervention and control groups. Further analysis examines likelihood of meeting targets for past-week active travel and all physical activity. Finally, the article conducts a health economic benefit assessment based on uptake of active travel at Wave 3.Results: At all waves, living close to mini-Holland interventions (‘high-dose’ areas) was consistently associated with increased duration of past-week active travel, compared with the control group (44.0 extra minutes in Wave 2, 41.0 in Wave 1, and 41.5 in Wave 3). Changes in active travel behaviour were stronger in the high-dose area than in the low-dose area. Most of the increase was in walking. People living in high-dose areas were 13% more likely at Wave 3 to achieve 140 minutes active travel than people in control areas. People living in high- or low-dose areas in mini-Holland boroughs were more likely to be physically active for 5 days in the past week. The 20- year health economic benefit in high-dose areas from three years’ of interventions (costing £80 million) is £724 million.Conclusion: Ambitious interventions can yield substantial health economic benefits from changes in active travel. This includes early uptake of walking as well as cycling. Most of the increase was in walking but the ratio varied by year.

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