scholarly journals Effectiveness of Protected Areas in the Pan-Tropics and International Aid for Conservation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-Hyung Kim ◽  
Anupam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Tropics

Evaluation of the effectiveness of protected areas is critical for forest conservation policies and priorities. To evaluate their effectiveness, we used 30-m resolution forest cover change data between 1990 and 2010 for ~4,000 protected areas and analyzed the relationships of the effectiveness of protected areas with socio-economic variables. Our results show that protected areas in the Tropics avoided 83,500 ± 21,200 km2 of deforestation during the 2000s. Brazil’s protected areas have the largest amount of avoided deforestation of 50,000 km2. We also show the amount of international aid received by tropical countries compared to the effectiveness of protected areas. International aid had major benefits in Latin America led by Brazil while tropical Asian countries used the resource ineffectively. Our results demonstrate that protected areas have been relatively more efficient in countries where deforestation pressures were increasing, and governance and forest change monitoring capacity are important factors for enhancing the efficacy of international aid.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Protected Areas in the Pan-Tropics and International Aid for Conservation

Geomatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-346
Author(s):  
Do-Hyung Kim ◽  
Anupam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
The Tropics

Evaluation of the effectiveness of protected areas is critical for forest conservation policies and priorities. We used 30 m resolution forest cover change data from 1990 to 2010 for ~4000 protected areas to evaluate their effectiveness. Our results show that protected areas in the tropics avoided 83,500 ± 21,200 km2 of deforestation during the 2000s. Brazil’s protected areas have the largest amount of avoided deforestation at 50,000 km2. We also show the amount of international aid received by tropical countries compared to the effectiveness of protected areas. Thirty-four tropical countries received USD 42 billion during the 1990s and USD 62 billion during the 2000s in international aid for biodiversity conservation. The effectiveness of international aid was highest in Latin America, with 4.3 m2/USD, led by Brazil, while tropical Asian countries showed the lowest average effect of international aid, reaching only 0.17 m2/USD.

scholarly journals Mapping Mangrove Forest Change in Nijhum Dwip Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MAT Pramanik ◽  
MI Islam ◽  
S Razia
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Land Covers

Mangroves have been planting in the coastal belt of Bangladesh to protect the inhabitants of the coastal areas from cyclones and storm surges. Nijhum Dwip is located at the southern part of Hatiya Island. Most part of the island has been planted with the mangroves in the 1970s and 1980s; while parts of the mangroves have been deforested during the past few decades. The objectives of this research were to delineate and quantify the changes in the extent of mangroves in the island. The Landsat data of 1989, 2001, 2010 and 2018 have been utilized in the study. Three major land covers, namely forest, water and other land have been interpreted and delineated by using on-screen digitizing. The quantity of mangrove forest loss in the island is estimated as 1,024 ha, while 395 ha were afforested during 1989-2018. In the decadal change analysis, it was revealed that net forest cover change was higher in 2000s compared to other two decades and it was -425 ha. The result of the study is helpful to understand the extent and pattern of forest conversion in the island and to halt further forest loss and conserve the remaining forest. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 217-225 2018

scholarly journals Effects of Protected Areas on Forest Cover Change and Local Communities: Evidence from the Peruvian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jose Miranda ◽  
Leonardo Corral ◽  
Allen Blackman ◽  
Gregory Asner ◽  
Eirivelthon Lima
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Forest Cover Change

20 years of forest change in Natura 2000 protected areas network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinela-Adriana Chețan ◽  
Andrei Dornik
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Forest Area Change

<p>Natura 2000 network, the world's largest network of protected areas, is considered a success for habitat and biodiversity protection, in the last decades. Our objective is to develop an algorithm for satellite data temporal analysis of protected areas, and to apply subsequently this algorithm for analysis of all Natura 2000 sites in Europe. We have developed an algorithm for satellite data temporal analysis of protected areas using JavaScript in Google Earth Engine, which is a web interface for the massive analysis of geospatial data, providing access to huge amount of data and facilitating development of complex workflows. This work focused on analysis of Global Forest Change dataset representing forest change, at 30 meters resolution, globally, between 2000 and 2018. Our results show that at least regarding forest protection, the network is not very successful, the 25350 sites losing 35246.8 km<sup>2</sup> of forest cover between 2000 and 2018, gaining only 9862.1 km<sup>2</sup>. All 28 countries recorded a negative forest net change, with a mean value of -906.6 km<sup>2</sup>, the largest forest area change recording Spain (-5106.4 km<sup>2</sup> in 1631 sites), Poland (-4529 km<sup>2</sup> in 962 sites), Portugal (-2781.9 km<sup>2</sup> in 120 sites), Romania (-1601.4 km<sup>2</sup> in 569 sites), Germany (-1365.7 km<sup>2</sup> in 5049 sites) and France (-1270.9 km<sup>2</sup> in 1520 sites). Among countries with the lowest values in net forest change is Ireland (-17.4 km<sup>2</sup> in 447 sites), Estonia (-104.1 km<sup>2</sup> in 518 sites), Netherlands (-132.3 km<sup>2</sup> in 152 sites), Finland (-268.6 km<sup>2</sup> in 1722 sites) and Sweden (-341.6 km<sup>2</sup> in 3786 sites).</p>

scholarly journals Securing tropical forest carbon: the contribution of protected areas to REDD

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn P. W. Scharlemann ◽  
Valerie Kapos ◽  
Alison Campbell ◽  
Igor Lysenko ◽  
Neil D. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractForest loss and degradation in the tropics contribute 6–17% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Protected areas cover 217.2 million ha (19.6%) of the world’s humid tropical forests and contain c. 70.3 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) in biomass and soil to 1 m depth. Between 2000 and 2005, we estimate that 1.75 million ha of forest were lost from protected areas in humid tropical forests, causing the emission of 0.25–0.33 Pg C. Protected areas lost about half as much carbon as the same area of unprotected forest. We estimate that the reduction of these carbon emissions from ongoing deforestation in protected sites in humid tropical forests could be valued at USD 6,200–7,400 million depending on the land use after clearance. This is > 1.5 times the estimated spending on protected area management in these regions. Improving management of protected areas to retain forest cover better may be an important, although certainly not sufficient, component of an overall strategy for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD).

scholarly journals Accuracy and Spatial Pattern Assessment of Forest Cover Change Datasets in Central Kalimantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjiwana Arjasakusuma ◽  
Uji Astrono Pribadi ◽  
Gilang Aria Seta
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Consistency Analysis ◽  
Error Matrix ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
The Road

The accurate information of forest cover change is important to measure the amount of carbon release and sink. The newly-available remote sensing based products and method such as Daichi Forest/Non-Forest (FNF), Global Forest Change (GFC) datasets and Semi-automatic Claslite systems offers the benefit to derive these information in a quick and simple manner. We measured the accuracy by constructing area-proportion error matrix from 388 random sample points and assessed the consistency analysis by looking at the spatial pattern of deforestation and regrowth from built-up area, roads, and rivers from 2010 – 2015 in Katingan district, Central Kalimantan. Accuracy assessment showed that those 3 datasets indicate low to medium accuracy level in which the highest accuracy was achieved by Claslite who produced 71 % ± 5 % of overall accuracy. The consistency analysis provides a similar spatial pattern of deforestation and regrowth measured from the road, river, and built-up area though their distance sensitivity are different one to another. 

scholarly journals Change in tropical forest cover of Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 12625-12653 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Stibig ◽  
F. Achard ◽  
S. Carboni ◽  
R. Raši ◽  
J. Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
The One

Abstract. The study assesses the extent and trends of forest cover in Southeast Asia for the period 1990–2000–2010 and provides an overview on the main drivers of forest cover change. A systematic sample of 418 sites (10 km × 10 km size) located at the one-degree geographical confluence points and covered with satellite imagery of 30 m resolution is used for the assessment. Techniques of image segmentation and automated classification are combined with visual satellite image interpretation and quality control, involving forestry experts from Southeast Asian countries. The accuracy of our results is assessed through an independent consistency assessment, performed from a subsample of 1572 mapping units and resulting in an overall agreement of > 85% for the general differentiation of forest cover vs. non-forest cover. The total forest cover of Southeast Asia is estimated at 268 Mha in 1990, dropping to 236 Mha in 2010, with annual change rates of 1.75 Mha (~0.67% and 1.45 Mha (~0.59%) for the periods 1990–2000 and 2000–2010, respectively. The vast majority of forest cover loss (~2/3 for 2000–2010) occurred in insular Southeast Asia. Combining the change patterns visible from satellite imagery with the output of an expert consultation on the main drivers of forest change highlights the high pressure on the region's remaining forests. The conversion of forest cover to cash crop plantations (e.g. oil palm) is ranked as the dominant driver of forest change in Southeast Asia, followed by selective logging and the establishment of tree plantations.

scholarly journals Global economic and diet transitions drove Latin American and Caribbean forest change during the first decade of the century.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lopez-Carr ◽  
Sadie Jane Ryan ◽  
Matthew Clark
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
National Level ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Economic Transitions

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) contain more tropical high-biodiversity forest than the remaining areas of the planet combined, yet experienced more than a third of global deforestation during the first decade of the 21st century. While drivers of forest change occur at multiple scales, we examined forest change at the municipal and national scales integrated with global processes such as capital, commodity, and labor flows. We modeled multi-scale socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental drivers of local forest cover change. Consistent with LAC’s global leadership in soy and beef exports, primarily to China, Russia, the US, and the EU, national-level beef and soy production were the primary land use drivers of decreased forest cover. National level GDPs, migrant worker remittances, and foreign investment, along with municipal-level temperature and area, were also significantly related to reduced forest cover. This challenges forest transition frameworks, which theorize that rising GDP and intensified agricultural production should be increasingly associated with forest regrowth. Instead, LAC forest change was linked to local, national, and global demographic, dietary and economic transitions, resulting in massive net forest cover loss. This suggests an urgent need to reconcile forest conservation with mounting global demand for animal protein.

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