Radiation and Generation of Short- and Long-Period Ground Motions from the 2011 Off Tohoku, Japan,Mw9.0 Earthquake

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Furumura ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion

Ground motion from theMw9.0 March 11, 2011, Off-Tohoku earthquake recorded by dense seismic networks in Japan, K-NET and KiK-net, clearly demonstrated the high-frequency seismic wavefield radiating from the earthquake source and developing longperiod ground motion in sedimentary basins. The photographic sequence of the visualized wavefield demonstrated the process in which the high-frequency seismic waves radiated from large slips at the top of the subducting Pacific Plate at relatively deeper depth of 25-50 km, which caused multiple large shocks of large (>1000-2000 cm/s2) ground acceleration and several minutes lasting ground motions over a wide area along the Pacific Ocean side of northern Japan. An efficient seismic wave propagation along the subducting Pacific slab and ground motion amplification in a superficial thin low-velocity layer overlying rigid bedrock also enhanced high-frequency (>5 Hz) ground motions very drastically. However, the dominant frequency of the strong ground motion recorded in nearfield station was too high such as to cause serious damage to wooden-frame residences having relatively longer-period resonance period (T= 1-2 s); The velocity response in this frequency band was only about one third to one half of those observed in severely damaged area during the destructiveMw6.9 1995 Kobe earthquake. The 2011 Off-Tohoku earthquake also produced long-period ground motion in sedimentary basins such those at Tokyo’s population center but observation of the long-period ground motion withinT=6-8 s was rather weak and of a level comparable to that of anM7.9 Tonankai earthquake occurring along the Nankai Trough in 1944. This was because the surface wave in this period band was not generated efficiently by the relatively deeper slip over the source fault of the Off-Tohoku earthquake.

scholarly journals Long-Period Ground Motion Simulation Based on Three-dimensional Centroid Moment Tensor Inversion Solutions in the Kanto Region, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Takemura ◽  
Kazuo Yoshimoto ◽  
Katsuhiko Shiomi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Centroid Moment Tensor ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ground Motion Simulations ◽  
Kanto Basin ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion

Abstract We conducted centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversions of moderate (Mw 4.5–6.5) earthquakes in the Kanto region, Japan, using a local three-dimensional (3D) model. We then investigated the effects of our 3D CMT solutions on long-period ground motion simulations. Grid search CMT inversions were conducted using displacement seismograms for periods of 25–100 s. By comparing our 3D CMT solutions with those from the local one-dimensional (1D) catalog, we found that our 3D CMT inversion systematically provides magnitudes smaller than those in the 1D catalog. The Mw differences between 3D and 1D catalogs tend to be significant for earthquakes within the oceanic slab. By comparing ground motion simulations between 1D and 3D velocity models, we confirmed that observed Mw differences could be explained by differences in the rigidity structures around the source regions between 3D and 1D velocity models. The 3D velocity structures (especially oceanic crust and mantle) are important for estimating seismic moments in intraslab earthquakes. The seismic moments directly affect the amplitudes of ground motions. Thus, 3D CMT solutions are essential for the precise forward and inverse modeling of long-period ground motion. We also conducted long-period ground motion simulations using our 3D CMT solutions to evaluate reproducibility of long-period ground motions at stations within the Kanto Basin. The simulations of our 3D CMT inversion well-reproduced observed ground motions for periods longer than 10 s, even at stations within the Kanto Basin.

scholarly journals Long-period ground motion simulation using centroid moment tensor inversion solutions based on the regional three-dimensional model in the Kanto region, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Takemura ◽  
Kazuo Yoshimoto ◽  
Katsuhiko Shiomi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Centroid Moment Tensor ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ground Motion Simulations ◽  
Kanto Basin ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion

Abstract We conducted centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversions of moderate ( Mw 4.5–6.5) earthquakes in the Kanto region, Japan, using a local three-dimensional (3D) model. We then investigated the effects of our 3D CMT solutions on long-period ground motion simulations. Grid search CMT inversions were conducted using displacement seismograms for periods of 25–100 s. By comparing our 3D CMT solutions with those from the local one-dimensional (1D) catalog, we found that our 3D CMT inversion systematically provides magnitudes smaller than those in the 1D catalog. The Mw differences between 3D and 1D catalogs tend to be significant for earthquakes within the oceanic slab. By comparing ground motion simulations between 1D and 3D velocity models, we confirmed that observed Mw differences could be explained by differences in the rigidity structures around the source regions between 3D and 1D velocity models. The 3D velocity structures (especially oceanic crust and mantle) are important for estimating seismic moments in intraslab earthquakes, which are related to fault size estimation. A detailed discussion for intraslabe seismicity can be conducted by using the 3D CMT catalog. The seismic moments also directly affect the amplitudes of ground motions. The 3D CMT catalog allows us to directly conduct the precise forward and inverse modeling of long-period ground motion without adjusting source models, which have been typically applied in the cases using the 1D CMT catalog. We also conducted long-period ground motion simulations using our 3D CMT solutions to evaluate the reproducibility of long-period ground motions at stations within the Kanto Basin. The simulations of our 3D CMT solutions well-reproduced observed ground motions for periods longer than 10 s, even at stations within the Kanto Basin. The reproducibility of simulations was improved from those using solutions in the 1D catalog.

Evaluation of models for earthquake source spectra in eastern North America

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-934
Author(s):  
Gail M. Atkinson ◽  
David M. Boore
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Felt Area ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract There have been several relations proposed in the last few years to describe the amplitudes of ground motion in eastern North America (ENA). These relations differ significantly in their assumptions concerning the amplitude and shape of the spectrum of energy radiated from the earthquake source. In this article, we compare ground motions predicted for these source models against the sparse ENA ground-motion database. The source models evaluated include the two-corner models of Boatwright and Choy (1992), Atkinson (1993a), Haddon (1996), and Joyner (1997a,b), and the one-corner model of Brune [as independently implemented by Frankel et al. (1996) and by Toro et al. (1997)]. The database includes data from ENA mainshocks of M > 4 and historical ENA earthquakes of M > 5.5, for a total of 110 records from 11 events of 4 ≦ M ≦ 7.3, all recorded on rock. We also include 24 available rock records from 4 large earthquakes in other intraplate regions; conclusions are checked to determine whether they are sensitive to the addition of these non-ENA data. The Atkinson source model, as implemented in the ground-motion relations of Atkinson and Boore (1995), is the only model that provides unbiased ground-motion predictions over the entire period band of interest, from 0.1 to 10 sec. The source models of Frankel et al. (1996), Toro et al. (1997), and Joyner (1997a,b) all provide unbiased ground-motion estimates in the period range from 0.1 to 0.5 sec but overestimate motions at periods of 1 to 10 sec. The Haddon (1996) source model overpredicts motions at all periods, by factors of 2 to 10. These conclusions do not change significantly if data from non-ENA intraplate regions are excluded, although the tendency of all models toward overprediction of long-period amplitudes becomes more pronounced. The tendency of most proposed ENA source models to overestimate long-period motions is further confirmed by an evaluation of the relationship between Ms, a measure of the spectrum at 20-sec period, and moment magnitude. A worldwide catalog of shallow continental earthquakes (Triep and Sykes, 1996) is compared to the Ms-M relations implied by each of the source models. The Atkinson source model is consistent with these data, while other proposed ENA models overpredict the average Ms for a given M. The implications of MMI data from historical earthquakes are also addressed, by exploiting the correlation between felt area and high-frequency source spectral level. High-frequency spectral amplitudes, as specified by the Atkinson and Boore (1995), Frankel et al. (1996), Toro et al. (1997), and Joyner (1997a,b) source models, equal or exceed the levels inferred from the felt areas of most of the large ENA events, with the noteable exception of the Saguenay earthquake. By contrast, high-frequency spectral amplitudes specified by the Haddon (1996) source model agree with the felt area of the Saguenay earthquake but overpredict the felt areas of nearly all other large events. In general, models that fit the Saugenay data—be it intensity data, strong-ground-motion data, regional seismographic data, or telescismic data—will not fit the data from the remaining earthquakes. A source model derived from the California database, suitably modified for regional differences in crustal properties, is also evaluated. This model is not significantly different from the Atkinson model for ENA. There is an important practical application of this similarity, which we develop as an engineering tool: Empirical ground-motion relations for California may be modified to predict ENA ground motions from future large earthquakes.

Study on Long-Period Inelastic Spectra of near-Fault Pulse-Like Strong Ground Modeled Using Analytical Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 2316-2319
Author(s):  
Chun Feng Li ◽  
Wei Xin Tian ◽  
Zhuo Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Acceleration Time Histories ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motion Records ◽  
Strong Ground

Because the parameters of Mavroeidis analytical model of pulse-like strong ground motion have an unambiguous physical meaning, the analytical model has been calibrated using a large number of actual near-field ground-motion records, and It can successfully simulate available near-fault pulse-like acceleration time histories, in this paper, we synthesize ground motions using the model to investigate elasto-plastic earthquake responses of long period single-degree-of-freedom system to the pulse-like ground motions, revealing the elasto-plastic long-period ground motion characteristics of pulse-like ground motion.

Finite-Difference Simulation of Long-Period Ground Motion for the Sagami Trough Megathrust Earthquakes

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Iwaki ◽  
◽  
Nobuyuki Morikawa ◽  
Takahiro Maeda ◽  
Shin Aoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Sagami Trough ◽  
Megathrust Earthquakes ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion

We perform long-period ground motion simulations for Sagami Trough earthquakes by a three dimensional finite-difference method. The Sagami Trough has been the site of two well-known megathrust earthquakes, the 1923 Taisho- and the 1703 Genroku-type Kanto earthquakes. However, a lack of accumulated historical earthquake records prevents us fromobtaining knowledge of the source model of the next anticipated event for long-period ground motion hazard evaluation. Therefore, it is important to consider numerous possibilities for the unknown source parameters. We compare ground motions for several scenarios with different source area, and with magnitudes ranging from Mw7.9 to 8.6. Peak ground velocity (PGV) within the Kanto basin, including the Tokyo metropolitan area, differs by several times depending on the choice of the source area. The effects of the variety in fault parameters, such as rupture starting points and asperity patterns, are also studied. They can greatly vary the ground motion within the Kanto area, especially in the direction of rupture propagation, suggesting the severe impact of directivity effects. Source models with different rupture starting points produce PGV and 5% damped velocity response (Sv) that vary from each other by as much as 10-20 times. PGV and Sv vary by up to five times depending on the asperity pattern. Our simulation results show that the predicted ground motion for the earthquake scenarios strongly depends on both the source size and other fault parameters of the source models. It is suggested that the seismic hazard assessment requires statistical evaluation of ground motions from as many source models as possible in order to overcome the uncertainties of the source.

Study on Seismic Response and Countermeasures of Long Span Cable-Stayed Bridge under Long Period Ground Motion

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3841-3844
Author(s):  
Guo Hui Zhao ◽  
Wen Hua Zhang ◽  
Jian Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Viscous Dampers ◽  
Fluid Viscous Dampers ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion

Long period ground motion has great influence on long period structures such as large oil tank, high-rise building and long span bridge. In this paper, a long span cable-stayed bridge is taken as an example to study the seismic response of long period structure under long period ground motions and conventional ground motions by using nonlinear dynamic time history method. It is shown that although the peak acceleration of the long period ground motions are no more than half of conventional ground motions, the displacement and force response of the bridge at key points under long period ground motions are much greater than that of conventional ground motions. Constraint cables and fluid viscous dampers are used to reduce in the influence of long period ground motion of the bridge, and the effects of the two countermeasures are also analyzed in this paper. The results show that constraint cables have unstable effect and even negative effect under long period ground motion. While fluid viscous dampers have stable effect under both long period ground motion and conventional ground motion with proper damping parameters.

scholarly journals Long-period ground motion simulation using centroid moment tensor inversion solutions based on the regional three-dimensional model in the Kanto region, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Takemura ◽  
Kazuo Yoshimoto ◽  
Katsuhiko Shiomi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Centroid Moment Tensor ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ground Motion Simulations ◽  
Kanto Basin ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion

Abstract We conducted centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversions of moderate (Mw 4.5–6.5) earthquakes in the Kanto region, Japan, using a local three-dimensional (3D) model. We then investigated the effects of our 3D CMT solutions on long-period ground motion simulations. Grid search CMT inversions were conducted using displacement seismograms for periods of 25–100 s. By comparing our 3D CMT solutions with those from the local one-dimensional (1D) catalog, we found that our 3D CMT inversion systematically provides magnitudes smaller than those in the 1D catalog. The Mw differences between 3D and 1D catalogs tend to be significant for earthquakes within the oceanic slab. By comparing ground motion simulations between 1D and 3D velocity models, we confirmed that observed Mw differences could be explained by differences in the rigidity structures around the source regions between 3D and 1D velocity models. The 3D velocity structures (especially oceanic crust and mantle) are important for estimating seismic moments in intraslab earthquakes, which are related to fault size estimation. A detailed discussion for intraslabe seismicity can be conducted by using the 3D CMT catalog. The seismic moments also directly affect the amplitudes of ground motions. The 3D CMT catalog allows us to directly conduct the precise forward and inverse modeling of long-period ground motion without adjusting source models, which have been typically applied in the cases using the 1D CMT catalog. We also conducted long-period ground motion simulations using our 3D CMT solutions to evaluate the reproducibility of long-period ground motions at stations within the Kanto Basin. The simulations of our 3D CMT solutions well-reproduced observed ground motions for periods longer than 10 s, even at stations within the Kanto Basin. The reproducibility of simulations was improved from those using solutions in the 1D catalog.

scholarly journals Long-period ground motion simulation using centroid moment tensor inversion solutions based on the regional three-dimensional model in the Kanto region, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Takemura ◽  
Kazuo Yoshimoto ◽  
Katsuhiko Shiomi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Centroid Moment Tensor ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ground Motion Simulations ◽  
Kanto Basin ◽  
Long Period Ground Motion ◽  
Kanto Region

Abstract We conducted centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversions of moderate (Mw 4.5–6.5) earthquakes in the Kanto region, Japan, using a local three-dimensional (3D) model. We then investigated the effects of our 3D CMT solutions on long-period ground motion simulations. Grid search CMT inversions were conducted using displacement seismograms for the periods of 25–100 s. By comparing our 3D CMT solutions with those from the local one-dimensional (1D) catalog, we found that our 3D CMT inversion systematically provides magnitudes smaller than those in the 1D catalog. The Mw differences between 3D and 1D catalogs tend to be significant for earthquakes within the oceanic slab. By comparing the ground motion simulations of the 1D and 3D velocity models, we confirmed that the observed Mw differences could be explained by the differences in the rigidity structures around the source regions in the two models. The 3D velocity structures (especially oceanic crust and mantle) are important for estimating seismic moments in intraslab earthquakes. The seismic moments directly affect the amplitudes of ground motions. Thus, 3D CMT solutions are essential for precise forward and inverse modeling of long-period ground motion. We also conducted long-period ground motion simulations using our 3D CMT solutions to evaluate the reproducibility of long-period ground motions at stations within the Kanto Basin. The simulations of our 3D CMT solutions well-reproduced observed ground motions for periods longer than 10 s, even at stations within the Kanto Basin. The reproducibility of simulations using our 3D CMT solutions was better than those based on the solutions in the 1D catalog.

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