scholarly journals FEMALE SEX HORMONES AS MODULATORS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO PHARMACOTHERAPY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
S. N. Tereshchenko ◽  
I. V. Zhirov ◽  
E. S. Krasilnikova ◽  
E. E. Kazantseva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones

scholarly journals Gender-Related Response of Body Systems in COVID-19 Affects Outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khaksari ◽  
N. Sabet ◽  
Z. Soltani ◽  
H. Bashiri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh member of the coronaviruses (CoVs) family that infects humans and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is currently a global pandemic. Widespread secretion of cytokines has been shown to occur early in severe cases of the disease and can be an effective factor in the rapid progression of the disease. The storm of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-7, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, and gamma interferon (INF-ɣ) has been reported in several organ failures. Systemic inflammation indicates an advanced stage of acute disease, which is characterized by multiple organ failure and elevated key inflammatory markers. The important disturbances in the various body systems such as alveolar damage and pulmonary edema in the lung, increase of liver enzymes in the liver, decrease of microbiota and increase of mesenteric edema in the gastrointestinal system, increase of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the kidney, myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmia and cardiac enzymes elevation in the heart, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, brain edema and encephalopathy in the brain have been reported. Studies have shown a gender difference between the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. In this review, we investigated the gender difference in the systemic effects of COVID-19 and found that this gender difference exists especially in the respiratory, cardiovascular, liver, gastrointestinal and kidney systems. Due to the worse outcome of COVID in males, the role of female sex hormones in causing these gender differences is noticeable. There can be a systemic and local effect of female sex hormones, especially estrogen and possibly progesterone, on various cells. Among the effects of these hormones is the regulation of localized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels. ACE2 is the route of entry for SARS-CoV-2 virus into the cell. It is hoped that this review would address gender differences for better management of COVID-19 treatment.

Female Sex Hormones and Epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Chakorn Chansakul
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones

scholarly journals The modulation of social behavior and empathy via oral contraceptives and female sex hormones

2021 ◽  
pp. 105250
Author(s):  
Julia Strojny ◽  
Gregor Domes ◽  
Urs Fischbacher ◽  
Bernadette von Dawans
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones

scholarly journals Female sex hormones protect against salt-sensitive hypertension but not essential hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. R149-R157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal N. Brinson ◽  
Olga Rafikova ◽  
Jennifer C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Serine Residue ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension

Initial studies found that female Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats exhibit greater blood pressure (BP) salt sensitivity than female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). On the basis of the central role played by NO in sodium excretion and BP control, we further tested the hypothesis that blunted increases in BP in female SHR will be accompanied by greater increases in renal inner medullary nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and expression in response to a high-salt (HS) diet compared with DS rats. Gonad-intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female SHR and DS rats were placed on normal salt (NS; 0.4% salt) or HS (4% salt) diet for 2 wk. OVX did not alter BP in SHR, and HS diet produced a modest increase in BP. OVX significantly increased BP in DS rats on NS; HS further increased BP in all DS rats, although OVX had a greater increase in BP. Renal inner medullary NOS activity, total NOS3 protein, and NOS3 phosphorylated on serine residue 1177 were not altered by salt or OVX in either strain. NOS1 protein expression, however, significantly increased with HS only in SHR, and this corresponded to an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite excretion. SHR also exhibit greater NOS1 and NOS3 protein expression than DS rats. These data indicate that female sex hormones offer protection against HS-mediated elevations in BP in DS rats but not SHR. We propose that the relative resistance to HS-mediated increases in BP in SHR is related to greater NOS expression and the ability to increase NOS1 protein expression compared with DS rats.

The influence of female sex hormones on nasal reactivity in seasonal allergic rhinitis

Allergy ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Up Stübner ◽  
Ue Berger ◽  
J Toth ◽  
B Marks ◽  
F Horak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones

The role of female sex hormones in the development and severity of allergic and non-allergic asthma

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van den Berge ◽  
H. I. Heijink ◽  
A. J. M. van Oosterhout ◽  
D. S. Postma
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones
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