Effects of Insurance Agents’ Biased Incentive Scheme  on Misselling Behavior

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy. Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore, empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.

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Cost-effectiveness and feasibility of conditional economic incentives and motivational interviewing to improve HIV health outcomes of adolescents living with HIV in Anambra State, Nigeria

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06718-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Obinna Ikechukwu Ekwunife ◽

Chinelo Janefrances Ofomata ◽

Charles Ebuka Okafor ◽

Maureen Ugonwa Anetoh ◽

Stephen Okorafor Kalu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Motivational Interviewing ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Additional Patient ◽

Incentive Scheme ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background In sub-Saharan Africa, there is increasing mortality and morbidity of adolescents due to poor linkage, retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is a result of limited adolescent-centred service delivery interventions. This cost-effectiveness and feasibility study were piggybacked on a cluster-randomized trial that assessed the impact of an adolescent-centred service delivery intervention. The service delivery intervention examined the impact of an incentive scheme consisting of conditional economic incentives and motivational interviewing on the health outcomes of adolescents living with HIV in Nigeria. Method A cost-effectiveness analysis from the healthcare provider’s perspective was performed to assess the cost per additional patient achieving undetected viral load through the proposed intervention. The cost-effectiveness of the incentive scheme over routine care was estimated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as cost/patient who achieved an undetectable viral load. We performed a univariate sensitivity analysis to examine the effect of key parameters on the ICER. An in-depth interview was conducted on the healthcare personnel in the intervention arm to explore the feasibility of implementing the service delivery intervention in HIV treatment hospitals in Nigeria. Result The ICER of the Incentive Scheme intervention compared to routine care was US$1419 per additional patient with undetectable viral load. Going by the cost-effectiveness threshold of US$1137 per quality-adjusted life-years suggested by Woods et al., 2016, the intervention was not cost-effective. The sensitivity test showed that the intervention will be cost-effective if the frequency of CD4 count and viral load tests are reduced from quarterly to triannually. Healthcare professionals reported that patients’ acceptance of the intervention was very high. Conclusion The conditional economic incentives and motivational interviewing was not cost-effective, but can become cost-effective if the frequency of HIV quality of life indicator tests are performed 1–3 times per annum. Patients’ acceptance of the intervention was very high. However, healthcare professionals believed that sustaining the intervention may be difficult unless factors such as government commitment and healthcare provider diligence are duly addressed. Trial registration This trial is registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry through the WHO International Registry Network (PACTR201806003040425).

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Improvement of insurance agents performance using data mining in OV agency

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/909/1/012041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 909 ◽

pp. 012041

Author(s):

A N Habyba ◽

R Fitriana

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Insurance Agents ◽

Using Data

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Dealing with Misselling: Impact of Behavioural Interventions on Insurance Agents

NHRD Network Journal ◽

10.1177/2631454120987716 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263145412098771

Author(s):

Biju Dominic ◽

Reshmi

Keyword(s):

Control Mechanism ◽

Self Control ◽

Insurance Company ◽

Ethical Challenges ◽

Behavioural Interventions ◽

Insurance Agents ◽

Insurance Policies ◽

Ethical Violations ◽

Long Run

This case study is about misselling of insurance policies and associated ethical challenges in a leading insurance company. Pro-organisational ethical violations mostly remain unnoticed and are often protected by implausible explanations. In the long run, persistent rationalisation makes malpractices a norm. The present work describes the interventions applied by a consulting firm to bring behavioural integrity. The consulting firm found that socialisation, rationalisation and institutionalisation considerably influenced people’s behaviour at the workplace and normalised unethical behaviour of insurance agents. It architected the behaviour of salespeople by specifically designed interventions through self-control mechanism and nudges. These interventions developed integrity in employees and reduced the number of cautions, warnings and terminations.

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The Impact of Transparency and Decision Risk on Human–Automation Teaming Outcomes

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/00187208211033445 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001872082110334

Author(s):

Shayne Loft ◽

Adella Bhaskara ◽

Brittany A. Lock ◽

Michael Skinner ◽

James Brooks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Aid ◽

Financial Incentive ◽

Decision Aids ◽

Rejection Rate ◽

Decision Time ◽

Correct Rejection ◽

Incentive Scheme ◽

Operator Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

Financial Penalty

Objective Examine the effects of decision risk and automation transparency on the accuracy and timeliness of operator decisions, automation verification rates, and subjective workload. Background Decision aids typically benefit performance, but can provide incorrect advice due to contextual factors, creating the potential for automation disuse or misuse. Decision aids can reduce an operator’s manual problem evaluation, and it can also be strategic for operators to minimize verifying automated advice in order to manage workload. Method Participants assigned the optimal unmanned vehicle to complete missions. A decision aid provided advice but was not always reliable. Two levels of decision aid transparency were manipulated between participants. The risk associated with each decision was manipulated using a financial incentive scheme. Participants could use a calculator to verify automated advice; however, this resulted in a financial penalty. Results For high- compared with low-risk decisions, participants were more likely to reject incorrect automated advice and were more likely to verify automation and reported higher workload. Increased transparency did not lead to more accurate decisions and did not impact workload but decreased automation verification and eliminated the increased decision time associated with high decision risk. Conclusion Increased automation transparency was beneficial in that it decreased automation verification and decreased decision time. The increased workload and automation verification for high-risk missions is not necessarily problematic given the improved automation correct rejection rate. Application The findings have potential application to the design of interfaces to improve human–automation teaming, and for anticipating the impact of decision risk on operator behavior.

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