Impact of Gender and Age on Claim Rates of Dread Disease and Cancer Insurance Policies in Taiwan

In this paper, the impact of both gender and age on the claim rates of dread disease and cancer insurance policies were examined using unique data taken from Taiwan’s private health insurance policies issued by non-life insurers during the 2012 to 2015 policy years. Those aged 30–39 served as the reference group. For the total number of dread disease policies, male insureds had a higher non-cancer claim probability than female insureds, while an age under 20 was associated with much lower claim rates for dread disease policies than for ages over 50. The claim rate for dread disease policies increased rapidly beginning at age 40 for both cancerous and non-cancerous diseases amongst male insureds. Amongst female insureds, those under 20 had much lower claim rates for dread disease policies. Only those aged 50–59 had a higher claim rate for non-cancerous diseases. For the total number of cancer insurance policies, male insureds had lower claim rates than female insureds, with an upward trend being associated with age. For male (female) insureds aged over 40 (20), the claim rates of cancer increased with age.

Claims Made Insurance Policies in New Zealand and Australia: Should New Zealand Enact a Statutory Deeming Regime?

<p>A claims made policy protects an insured person or business in relation to claims made against that person or business during the policy period, regardless of when the cause of loss occurred, and regardless of when the claim is notified to the insurer (subject always to the terms of cover and the relevant law). The trigger event for a claim against the insurer is the receipt of the claim or demand by the insured. However, issues can arise when the insured has knowledge of circumstances that may lead to a claim, but the claim itself is delayed, a situation sometimes addressed by way of a contractual 'notice of circumstances' provision coupled with a deeming provision. The proposition in this dissertation is that New Zealand should have a statutory deeming regime affecting claims made insurance policies, similar to that contained within section 40 of Australia’s Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (Cth). However, to properly consider that proposition, it is necessary to review the context within which section 40 arose, its practical effect in that context, and the perceived issues that might be addressed in New Zealand by way of a statutory deeming regime. In particular, it is necessary to acknowledge the juxtaposition of sections 40 and 54 of the Insurance Contracts Act (Cth), and the implications of section 9 of New Zealand's Insurance Law Reform Act 1977.</p>

Claims Made Insurance Policies in New Zealand and Australia: Should New Zealand Enact a Statutory Deeming Regime?

<p>A claims made policy protects an insured person or business in relation to claims made against that person or business during the policy period, regardless of when the cause of loss occurred, and regardless of when the claim is notified to the insurer (subject always to the terms of cover and the relevant law). The trigger event for a claim against the insurer is the receipt of the claim or demand by the insured. However, issues can arise when the insured has knowledge of circumstances that may lead to a claim, but the claim itself is delayed, a situation sometimes addressed by way of a contractual 'notice of circumstances' provision coupled with a deeming provision. The proposition in this dissertation is that New Zealand should have a statutory deeming regime affecting claims made insurance policies, similar to that contained within section 40 of Australia’s Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (Cth). However, to properly consider that proposition, it is necessary to review the context within which section 40 arose, its practical effect in that context, and the perceived issues that might be addressed in New Zealand by way of a statutory deeming regime. In particular, it is necessary to acknowledge the juxtaposition of sections 40 and 54 of the Insurance Contracts Act (Cth), and the implications of section 9 of New Zealand's Insurance Law Reform Act 1977.</p>

Insurance as an Analogue of the Candidates Selection for Sacrifice in the Context of the Problem of Human Sacrifice Universality

The problem of human sacrifice universality can be formulated as follows: is a human sacrifice a sociocultural universal and, if so, how can this be proved? One possible approach to solving this problem is to show how human sacrifice is realized in modern societies. The main purpose of this research is to substantiate the assumption that there are contemporary analogues of the candidate’s selection for the role of a human sacrifice. If they exist, this will be an additional argument in favor of the opinion that human sacrifice is universal. The elements of human sacrifice can be spread out in time and space, and also be implemented in a different order than in traditional rituals. The hypothesis was that the selection of candidates for the role of victims in such distributed sacrifice is implemented by life and health insurance. As a research method we used the analysis of possible statistical relationships between mortality and life expectancy of people, on the one hand, and the availability of different types of life and health insurance policies, on the other. Since the mortality rate among the military in active service is higher than among civilians, compulsory life and health insurance for military personnel can be viewed as an analogue of the selection of victims. In the case of civilian victims, the availability of voluntary life and health insurance policies for people is positively correlated with life expectancy, which is presumably associated with better medical care in cases of illness or accident. Voluntary insurance can be viewed as an analogue of negative selection: those not insured have a higher chance of becoming a victim.

The Legal Challenges of Insuring Against a Pandemic

COVID-19 has raised, and continues to raise, questions about the traditional approach to insurance cover. For instance, business interruption insurance covering “pandemics” under all risks insurance policies are likely to be a thing of the past. With tensions between businesses and the insurance industry on the rise, what can be done to offer businesses some protection at a premium they can afford, without emptying insurers’ reserves? In this chapter we talk about legal challenges related to traditional insurance against the risk of losses caused by a pandemic, and whether parametric insurance is the solution.

Analyse expérimentale du comportement des producteurs de céréales sèches face au risque financier dans un contexte de changement climatique

This study has two objectives: to characterize farmers according to their level of financial risk aversion and to analyze the factors explaining their propensity to take financial risk. Using a lottery system inspired by the work of Allais (1953) on 540 farmers in the groundnut basin of Senegal, the results show that 81.38 % of farmers are financially risk averse and only 8.57 % are risk lovers. Estimates with the probit model show that the propensity to take financial risk decreases if the farmer sets himself a high tolerable level of production loss. These results suggest that demand components should be considered in public agricultural financing and insurance policies.

Insurer's Performance in Unit Linked Life Insurance Plans

The aim of the article is to comprehensively discuss the performance to be made by parties to the unit linked life insurance plans (ULIPs), with a particular emphasis being placed on the performance on the part of insurance undertakings. The specific nature of this contract results in various types and methods of paying benefits in unit linked insurance plans. Due to the lack of detailed legal regulations in this area, it seems reasonable to present legal characteristics of the particular types of benefits. Determination of the amount of latter, taking into consideration first and foremost the investment nature of the contract, which makes it different from common life insurance policies, requires a thorough discussion in ULIPs.