scholarly journals Impact of Differential Privacy and Census Tract Data Source (Decennial Census Versus American Community Survey) for Monitoring Health Inequities

2020 ◽  
pp. e1-e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Krieger ◽  
Rachel C. Nethery ◽  
Jarvis T. Chen ◽  
Pamela D. Waterman ◽  
Emily Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Census Tract ◽  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Decennial Census ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Ct Data

Objectives. To investigate how census tract (CT) estimates of mortality rates and inequities are affected by (1) differential privacy (DP), whereby the public decennial census (DC) data are injected with statistical “noise” to protect individual privacy, and (2) uncertainty arising from the small number of different persons surveyed each year in a given CT for the American Community Survey (ACS). Methods. We compared estimates of the 2008–2012 average annual premature mortality rate (death before age 65 years) in Massachusetts using CT data from the 2010 DC, 2010 DC with DP, and 2008–2012 ACS 5-year estimate data. Results. For these 3 denominator sources, the age-standardized premature mortality rates (per 100 000) for the total population respectively equaled 166.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 162.2, 170.6), 166.4 (95% CI = 162.2, 170.6), and 166.3 (95% CI = 162.1, 170.5), and inequities in the range from best to worst quintile for CT racialized economic segregation were from 103.4 to 260.1, 102.9 to 258.7, and 102.8 to 262.4. Similarity of results across CT denominator sources held for analyses stratified by gender and race/ethnicity. Conclusions. Estimates of health inequities at the CT level may not be affected by use of 2020 DP data and uncertainty in the ACS data. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print December 22, 2020: e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305989 )

The Rising Relative Presence of Whites in Majority Non-White Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110660
Author(s):  
Rogelio Sáenz
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Decennial Census ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Socioeconomic Gaps ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Percentage Share

After several decades of Whites fleeing large metropolitan areas, they are now increasingly gentrifying urban neighborhoods and communities. This analysis uses data from the 2000 decennial census and the 2012 and 2017 American Community Survey to assess the growing presence of Whites in U.S. cities. The analysis examines the extent to which Whites have experienced an increase in their percentage share of the populations of 212 majority non-White communities with 50,000 or more inhabitants over two time periods (2000 to 2008–2012 and 2008–2012 to 2013–2017). The results show that 39 communities have experienced an expanding relative presence of Whites in one or both periods. Whites generally are growing at a faster pace than Blacks and Latinos in these communities and there are large socioeconomic gaps favoring Whites. The article concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the findings.

scholarly journals Do Affirmative Action Bans Cause Students to Move Across State Lines to Attend College?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Peter L. Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Decennial Census ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Education Markets

This Economic Commentary studies whether statewide bans on affirmative action in admission to public universities cause students to move to a new state to attend college. Regression results using data from the decennial census and the American Community Survey provide little evidence that affirmative action bans result in migration across state lines to attend college. In addition to being of direct interest, these results provide a check on earlier research that treats different states roughly as separate higher education markets.

scholarly journals Effects of Measurement Error in the American Community Survey on Statistical Analysis: An Example using County and Census Tract Mortality Rates.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Sparks ◽  
Lloyd B. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Indicator Data ◽  
Naive Model

The American Community Survey (ACS) summary file data provide rolling 5-year estimates of demographic and socioeconomic indicator data for small geographiesthroughout the United States. These estimates are commonly used as indicators forregression models to measure conditions in communities. The Margins of Error (MOE) inthe ACS estimates for small geographic areas can often be very large, and without takingthem into account, regression analyses using them can be mis-specified, leading to bias inregression coefficients and model standard errors. This paper directly comparesmeasurement error model specifications to naive model specifications for a mortalityoutcome in Texas Census tracts using Bayesian model specializations. The results showthat there is bias in the naive regression model results. We urge users of the ACSsummary file data to be aware of such bias as it can potentially impact interpretation ofmodel results and hypothesis tests.

Small-Area Analyses Using Public American Community Survey Data: A Tree-Based Spatial Microsimulation Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 008117502110575
Author(s):  
Nick Graetz ◽  
Kevin Ummel ◽  
Daniel Aldana Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Census Tract ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Spatial Microsimulation

Quantitative sociologists and social policymakers are increasingly interested in local context. Some city-specific studies have developed new primary data collection efforts to analyze inequality at the neighborhood level, but methods from spatial microsimulation have yet to be broadly used in sociology to take better advantage of existing public data sets. The American Community Survey (ACS) is the largest household survey in the United States and indispensable for detailed analysis of specific places and populations. The authors propose a technique, tree-based spatial microsimulation, to produce “small-area” (census-tract) estimates of any person- or household-level phenomenon that can be derived from ACS microdata variables. The approach is straightforward and computationally efficient, based only on publicly available data, and it provides more reliable estimates than do prevailing methods of microsimulation. The authors demonstrate the technique’s capabilities by producing tract-level estimates, stratified by race/ethnicity, of (1) the proportion of people in the census-tract population who have children and work in an essential occupation and (2) the proportion of people in the census-tract population living below the federal poverty threshold and in a household that spends greater than 50 percent of monthly income on rent or owner costs. These examples are relevant to understanding the sociospatial inequalities dramatized by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The authors discuss potential extensions of the technique to derive small-area estimates of variables observed in surveys other than the ACS.

Latino Continual Demographic Growth: Implications for Educational Practices and Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Rogelio Sáenz
Keyword(s):  
Undocumented Students ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Undergraduate Enrollment ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
The U.S

Demographic shifts have transformed the racial and ethnic composition of the U.S. undergraduate population. Data from the American Community Survey are used to analyze Latino undergraduate enrollment as well as factors that contribute to the matriculation of undocumented Latino young adults. The article concludes with an overview of the implications of the growth of the Latino population and the experience of undocumented students on educational practices and policies.

Taking a Chance in the Classroom: The American Community Survey

CHANCE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Dalene Stangl ◽  
Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel ◽  
Kari Lock Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Community Survey ◽  
American Community Survey
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