COVID-19 Contact Tracing Conundrums: Insights From the Front Lines

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e6
Author(s):  
John Schneider ◽  
Willie Love ◽  
Laura Rusie ScM ◽  
Ariana Flores ◽  
Beth Tadesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Social Network Intervention ◽  
Network Intervention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 contact tracing is an induction social network intervention in which the structure of the social network is leveraged to deploy proven COVID-19 interventions such as testing and social distancing. The Howard Brown Health organization has rapidly expanded to include COVID-19 testing, contact tracing, and linkage to resources since the first cases were identified in Chicago, Illinois. COVID-19 is penetrating the most vulnerable networks in the United States; existing inequities are widening as community resources and organizations have had to place services on hold. Here we address several questions that arise as organizations build capacity for contact tracing, including questions involving the potential impact of contact tracing, stakeholders who could be involved, the timing of contact tracing deployment, and the impact potential for digital technology. Contact tracing is critical at later stages of epidemic decline given the potential for isolated outbreaks as larger events, schools, stadiums, and festivals reopen. Local contact tracing efforts can have other indirect benefits with respect to limiting transmission, such as increasing testing rates and addressing structural barriers through provision of life-saving resources and access to crucial social support. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 18, 2021: e1–e6. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306200 )

scholarly journals A Data-Driven Social Network Intervention for Improving Organ Donation Awareness Among Minorities: Analysis and Optimization of a Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/14605 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. e14605
Author(s):  
Michael Douglas Murphy ◽  
Diego Pinheiro ◽  
Rahul Iyengar ◽  
Gene Lim ◽  
Ronaldo Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Network Intervention ◽  
Network Intervention

Background Increasing the number of organ donors may enhance organ transplantation, and past health interventions have shown the potential to generate both large-scale and sustainable changes, particularly among minorities. Objective This study aimed to propose a conceptual data-driven framework that tracks digital markers of public organ donation awareness using Twitter and delivers an optimized social network intervention (SNI) to targeted audiences using Facebook. Methods We monitored digital markers of organ donation awareness across the United States over a 1-year period using Twitter and examined their association with organ donation registration. We delivered this SNI on Facebook with and without optimized awareness content (ie, educational content with a weblink to an online donor registration website) to low-income Hispanics in Los Angeles over a 1-month period and measured the daily number of impressions (ie, exposure to information) and clicks (ie, engagement) among the target audience. Results Digital markers of organ donation awareness on Twitter are associated with donation registration (beta=.0032; P<.001) such that 10 additional organ-related tweets are associated with a 3.20% (33,933/1,060,403) increase in the number of organ donor registrations at the city level. In addition, our SNI on Facebook effectively reached 1 million users, and the use of optimization significantly increased the rate of clicks per impression (beta=.0213; P<.004). Conclusions Our framework can provide a real-time characterization of organ donation awareness while effectively delivering tailored interventions to minority communities. It can complement past approaches to create large-scale, sustainable interventions that are capable of raising awareness and effectively mitigate disparities in organ donation.

scholarly journals A Data-Driven Social Network Intervention for Improving Organ Donation Awareness Among Minorities: Analysis and Optimization of a Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Douglas Murphy ◽  
Diego Pinheiro ◽  
Rahul Iyengar ◽  
Gene Lim ◽  
Ronaldo Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Network Intervention ◽  
Network Intervention

BACKGROUND Increasing the number of organ donors may enhance organ transplantation, and past health interventions have shown the potential to generate both large-scale and sustainable changes, particularly among minorities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to propose a conceptual data-driven framework that tracks digital markers of public organ donation awareness using Twitter and delivers an optimized social network intervention (SNI) to targeted audiences using Facebook. METHODS We monitored digital markers of organ donation awareness across the United States over a 1-year period using Twitter and examined their association with organ donation registration. We delivered this SNI on Facebook with and without optimized awareness content (ie, educational content with a weblink to an online donor registration website) to low-income Hispanics in Los Angeles over a 1-month period and measured the daily number of impressions (ie, exposure to information) and clicks (ie, engagement) among the target audience. RESULTS Digital markers of organ donation awareness on Twitter are associated with donation registration (beta=.0032; <italic>P</italic>&lt;.001) such that 10 additional organ-related tweets are associated with a 3.20% (33,933/1,060,403) increase in the number of organ donor registrations at the city level. In addition, our SNI on Facebook effectively reached 1 million users, and the use of optimization significantly increased the rate of clicks per impression (beta=.0213; <italic>P</italic>&lt;.004). CONCLUSIONS Our framework can provide a real-time characterization of organ donation awareness while effectively delivering tailored interventions to minority communities. It can complement past approaches to create large-scale, sustainable interventions that are capable of raising awareness and effectively mitigate disparities in organ donation.

scholarly journals Social Network Intervention in Patients with Schizophrenia and Marked Social Withdrawal: A Randomized Controlled Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Terzian ◽  
Gianni Tognoni ◽  
Renata Bracco ◽  
Edoardo De Ruggieri ◽  
Rita Angela Ficociello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Randomized Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Social Network Intervention ◽  
Network Intervention

scholarly journals Outcomes of an electronic social network intervention with neuro-oncology patient family caregivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Reblin ◽  
Dana Ketcher ◽  
Peter Forsyth ◽  
Eduardo Mendivil ◽  
Lauren Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Oncology Patient ◽  
Social Network Intervention ◽  
Network Intervention

scholarly journals Investigating the effectiveness of re-opening policies before vaccination during a pandemic: SD modelling research based on COVID-19 in Wuhan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qian ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Jidi Zhao ◽  
Ming Xue ◽  
Shiyong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background Lockdown policies were widely adopted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to control the spread of the virus before vaccines became available. These policies had significant economic impacts and caused social disruptions. Early re-opening is preferable, but it introduces the risk of a resurgence of the epidemic. Although the World Health Organization has outlined criteria for re-opening, decisions on re-opening are mainly based on epidemiologic criteria. To date, the effectiveness of re-opening policies remains unclear. Methods A system dynamics COVID-19 model, SEIHR(Q), was constructed by integrating infection prevention and control measures implemented in Wuhan into the classic SEIR epidemiological model and was validated with real-world data. The input data were obtained from official websites and the published literature. Results The simulation results showed that track-and-trace measures had significant effects on the level of risk associated with re-opening. In the case of Wuhan, where comprehensive contact tracing was implemented, there would have been almost no risk associated with re-opening. With partial contact tracing, re-opening would have led to a minor second wave of the epidemic. However, if only limited contact tracing had been implemented, a more severe second outbreak of the epidemic would have occurred, overwhelming the available medical resources. If the ability to implement a track-trace-quarantine policy is fixed, the epidemiological criteria need to be further taken into account. The model simulation revealed different levels of risk associated with re-opening under different levels of track-and-trace ability and various epidemiological criteria. A matrix was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the re-opening policies. Conclusions The SEIHR(Q) model designed in this study can quantify the impact of various re-opening policies on the spread of COVID-19. Integrating epidemiologic criteria, the contact tracing policy, and medical resources, the model simulation predicts whether the re-opening policy is likely to lead to a further outbreak of the epidemic and provides evidence-based support for decisions regarding safe re-opening during an ongoing epidemic. Keyords COVID-19; Risk of re-opening; Effectiveness of re-opening policies; IPC measures; SD modelling.

The COVID-19 Challenges and Opportunities for Immigrant Career Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-196
Author(s):  
Lizette Solis-Cortes ◽  
Falu Rami
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

This chapter focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it's disproportionate impact on immigrants' careers and employment opportunities, and the dire need to address inequitable career development opportunities. COVID-19 has also highlighted the anti-immigrant sentiment and structural barriers that impact immigrant career experiences and outcomes. A second interrelated obstacle to immigrant career development paths are recent executive orders signed by Donald Trump in the United States against immigrants and refugees as well as global anti-immigrant and refugee policies such as Brexit and the Citizenship Amendment Act. Immigrant workers require advocacy, protection, and avenues to receive continued support during and post-pandemic. Resources for immigrant employers and employees including international resources, avenues for advocacy, and recommendations to service providers are discussed.

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