scholarly journals Production and Use of Smallpox Vaccine Virus Cultivated in the Chorio-Allantoic Membrane of Chick Embryos

1937 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. John Buddingh
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Smallpox Vaccine ◽  
Chick Embryos

THE BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION OF VACCINE EMULSIONS BY PENICILLIN

1946 ◽  
Vol 24e (6) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Edouard Morin ◽  
Hector Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Smallpox Vaccine ◽  
New Method ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Biological Purification ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

The present communication furnishes a new method for the purification of smallpox vaccine emulsion by penicillin. Penicillin, when added in definite quantities, possesses an undeniable antibiotic power on most of the Gram-positive cocci and on the vegetative forms of certain anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens and C. fallax found in the vaccine. By maintaining a threshold of penicillin (56 units per cc.), the spores of the above mentioned anaerobic microbes cannot grow. When the vaccine emulsion freed from penicillin is inoculated, new strains without any pathogenic properties can be subcultured. Penicillin has no effect on the vaccine virus. By this technique, the vaccine can be freed, in a few days, of its principal pathogenic microbes except from Gram-negative bacilli. In the emulsion thus treated, the periodic control of the penicillin titre is as necessary as the repeated tests made to establish the potency of the vaccine.

scholarly journals FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE CULTIVATION OF VACCINE VIRUS IN LIFELESS MEDIA

1933 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Rivers ◽  
S. M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Embryo Tissue

We have made ten attempts to cultivate vaccine virus in tissue extracts prepared according to the method described by Eagles and Kordi (4). Renal, testicular, and chick embryo extracts were employed with a dermal strain of vaccine virus and with the Levaditi strain of neuro-vaccine virus. In no instance were we able to show that the virus multiplied in the extract media. Both of these strains of virus, however, multiplied in media containing bits of minced viable tissue. Furthermore, treatment of rabbit testicular tissue and chick embryo tissue in the manner described by Eagles and Kordi for the preparation of the extracts leaves some cells not only alive but capable of proliferation. Although the results of our work are not in accord with those obtained by Eagles and Kordi, we offer no explanation for the discrepancy. Nevertheless, one cannot examine the results of our work recorded in the six tables without recognizing the fact that in the types of media used the presence of viable cells appears to be essential for the multiplication of vaccine virus. Rabbit testicular tissue and bits of chick embryos support the regeneration of the active agent more efficiently than does rabbit renal tissue.

scholarly journals ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA FROM INFECTED CHORIO-ALLANTOIC MEMBRANES OF DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYOS

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Tryptic Digestion ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Infected Rabbit

By a method of differential centrifugation and tryptic digestion suspensions of elementary bodies have been prepared from chorioallantoic membranes of chick embryos infected with vaccine virus. The infective titer of the final suspension of elementary bodies was usually the same as that of the original tissue emulsion. Elementary bodies from infected chick membranes were agglutinated as well by antivaccinal serum obtained from different mammalian species as were bodies prepared from inoculated rabbit skin. Seitz filtrates of infected chick material contained soluble precipitable substances of vaccinia; these filtrates and filtrates from infected rabbit skin, respectively, reacted equally well with rabbit serum which contained either L or S antibodies.

Dexamethasone Effect on Embryonic Chick Respiratory Epithelium

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M.R. Richter ◽  
R.V. Blystone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Avian Lung

Dexamethasone and other synthetic analogs of corticosteroids have been employed clinically as enhancers of lung development. The mechanism(s) by which this steroid induction of later lung maturation operates is not clear. This study reports the effect on lung epithelia of dexamethasone administered at different intervals during development. White Leghorn chick embryos were used so as to remove possible maternal and placental influences on the exogenously applied steroid. Avian lung architecture does vary from mammals; however, respiratory surfactant produced by the lung epithelia serves an equally critical role in avian lung physiology.

Development of the Foramen Secundum in the Chick as Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
M.J.C. Hendrix ◽  
D.E. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Procaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Cardiac Anomaly ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Anomaly ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

Atrial septal defects are considered the most common congenital cardiac anomaly occurring in humans. In studying the normal sequential development of the atrial septum, chick embryos of the White Leghorn strain were prepared for scanning electron microscopy and the results were then extrapolated to the human heart. One-hundred-eighty chick embryos from 2 to 21 days of age were removed from their shells and immersed in cold cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixative . Twenty-four embryos through the first week post-hatching were perfused in vivo using cold cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixative with procaine hydrochloride. The hearts were immediately dissected free and remained in the fixative a minimum of 2 hours. In most cases, the lateral atrial walls were removed during this period. The tissues were then dehydrated using a series of ascending grades of ethanol; final dehydration of the tissues was achieved via the critical point drying method followed by sputter-coating with goldpalladium.

Immunocytochemical localization of desmin and vimentin in chick embryonic myocardial cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Yukiko Sugi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Study ◽  
Immunofluorescent Localization ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Semithin Sections ◽  
Filament Protein

In cultured skeletal muscle cells of chick, one intermediate filament protein, vimentin, is primarily formed and then synthesis of desmin follows. Coexistence of vimentin and desmin has been immunocytochemically confirmed in chick embryonic skeletal musclecells. Immunofluorescent localization of vimentin and desmin has been described in developing myocardial cells of hamster. However, initial localization of desmin and vimentin in early embryonic heart has not been reported in detail. By quick-freeze deep-etch method a loose network of intermediate filaments was revealed to exist surrounding myofibrils. In this report, immunocytochemical localization of desmin and vimentin is visualized in early stages of chick embryonic my ocardium.Chick embryos, Hamburger-Hamilton (H-H) stage 8 to hatch, and 1 day old postnatal chicks were used in this study. For immunofluorescence study, each embryo was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in Epon 812. De-epoxinized with sodium methoxide, semithin sections were stained with primary antibodies (rabbit anti-desmin antibody and anti-vimentin antibody)and secondary antibody (RITC conjugated goat-anti rabbit IgG).

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