scholarly journals Stereotomy and the Mediterranean: Notes Toward an Architectural History

2017 ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara GALLETTI
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Region I ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Hellenistic Greece ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Stereotomy, the art of cutting stones into particular shapes for the construction of vaulted structures, is an ancient art that has been practiced over a wide chronological and geographical span, from Hellenistic Greece to contemporary Apulia and across the Mediterranean Basin. Yet the history of ancient and medieval stereotomy is little understood, and nineteenth- century theories about the art’s Syrian origins, its introduction into Europe via France and the crusaders, and the intrinsic Frenchness of medieval stereotomy are still largely accepted. In this essay, I question these theories with the help of a work-in-progress database and database-driven maps that consolidate evidence of stereotomic practice from the third century BCE through the eleventh century CE and across the Mediterranean region. I argue that the history of stereotomy is far more complex than what historians have assumed so far and that, for the most part, it has yet to be written.

Institutions and events of the eleventh century mirrored in Geniza letters (Part I)

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOSHE GIL
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This article is based on letters from the Geniza. The writers were merchants who dealt in imports and exports between Egypt and other countries of the Mediterranean basin. These merchants were part of the Jewish elite and maintained close ties with the Muslim authorities. They enjoyed considerable status with these authorities, who co-operated with the merchants, especially in the transport of goods; some of the high officials were, in fact, ship-owners. The administration of the time took a great interest in imports and exports, and would at times confiscate goods required by the army. The article reviews a series of citations from letters thus examining the relationship between the merchants and the authorities. The second part deals with the evidence of the droughts found in the merchants' letters; it is interesting to compare the details on droughts with the information in the Arabic sources. The third part discusses the information contained in the Geniza documents on the conquest of Jerusalem (638). This is followed by a discussion of two figures who are also known from Arabic sources: Manasseh b. Abraham Ibn al-Qazza¯z, and Barjawa¯n. The letters also reflect the restrictive measures against Jews and Christians in the days of Caliph al-Ha¯kim.

Bluetongue in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin: History of occurrence prior to 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Mellor ◽  
Simon Carpenter ◽  
Lara Harrup ◽  
Matthew Baylis ◽  
Peter P.C. Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

scholarly journals The Italian genome reflects the history of Europe and the Mediterranean basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1056-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Fiorito ◽  
Cornelia Di Gaetano ◽  
Simonetta Guarrera ◽  
Fabio Rosa ◽  
Marcus W Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The Nature and Origin of the Vertebrate Fauna

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Blondel
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Heterogeneous Region ◽  
Western Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The aim of this chapter is to provide an account of the complex history of Mediterranean faunas as they evolved from the end of the Pliocene about 1.8 million years ago until the present day. Reconstructing this history is difficult because the Mediterranean basin is one of the most complex regions in the world and is characterized by significant geographical and topographical variation. The Mediterranean basin was formed during the Tertiary by the convergence of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, in combination with several African microplates, Iberia, and two main African promontories: Apulia in the west and Arabia in the east (Chapter 1 and Dercourt et al. 1986). Where the African and Eurasian plates meet, seismic and volcanic activity have combined with other processes to form a very heterogeneous region. High mountains and deeply dissected topography form the main part of a coastline some 46,000 km in length, 18,000 of which are island shores (Chapter 13). A dominant feature of the region, which has had many consequences for species diversity and the process of differentiation, is the striking contrast between the northern half of the basin with its many large peninsulas—Iberian, Apennine, Balkan, and Anatolian—and the southern half with its more or less rectilinear shorelines. In addition, there is a marked biogeographical contrast between the western and the eastern halves of the Mediterranean, the former having shifted somewhat to the north with respect to the latter. The line separating the two north–south ranges in each half of the basin runs approximately along the 36th parallel in the western half and the 33rd in the eastern half. In the western half, west of the Sicily–Cap Bon line, biota are more boreal in character and overlap to a large degree with those of central Europe. To the east, biota have more affinities with central Asia (Blondel and Aronson 1999). Modern patterns of regional floral and faunal diversity mostly result from differential speciation and extinction rates during the Quaternary (Chapter 4).

scholarly journals <i>Loculicytheretta morkhoveni</i> sp. nov. (Ostracoda) from West Africa and its relevance to the history of the Mediterranean Seaway

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leendert J. Witte
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Discontinuous Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. Loculicytheretta morkhoveni sp. nov., of which the females have six loculi per valve, was found in Recent beachsand samples from Senegal and The Gambia (West Africa). A displaced specimen of the same species was present in a sample from deeper water off Guinea, where it occurred with L. aff. L. pavonia (having four loculi per valve). The presence of the Mediterranean species L. pavonia (with three loculi) in deep samples West of Gibralter is interpreted as a result of transportation by outflowing currents.The discontinuous distribution pattern of the genus Loculicytheretta is tentatively related to a reversal of the flow regime in the Mediterranean basin during the Pliocene.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of the European free‐tailed bat, a tropical affinity species spanning across the Mediterranean Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Amorim ◽  
Orly Razgour ◽  
Vanessa A. Mata ◽  
Susana Lopes ◽  
Raquel Godinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The evolution of endemic plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-128
Author(s):  
John D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic History ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Different Parts

In this chapter the phasing of the geological and climatic history of the Mediterranean basin is used to provide a structure for the presentation of the processes of plant diversification and in particular the evolution of endemism. In many groups of plants, evolution has occurred repeatedly during the different major phases of the region’s history. This chapter illustrates these processes and describes the major patterns of east to west diversification across the region that evolved at different times and produced the patterns described in the previous chapter. The divergence of endemic species in the different parts of the Mediterranean is the central theme. The evolution of endemism is treated at different biological levels: disjunct endemic species, geographic subspecies, and isolated populations.

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