Childhood Hypertension and Prehypertension: An Underappreciated Epidemic

The validity of a mass blood pressure screening program carried out on Dallas high school students who were followed for at least 3 years is reported. Blood pressure results on initial screening in the tenth grade were related to outcome blood pressure status. The frequency of initial blood pressure elevation (systolic and/or diastolic pressure above the 95th percentile) was 10%, whereas the prevalence of sustained elevation in the tenth grade was less than 2%. The initial screening correctly identified 72% of those who had sustained elevations on all three tenth grade examinations (sensitivity), and correctly identified 91% of those who did not have sustained elevations (specificity). However, the predictive value of an initial positive screening result was low, at only 17% (152/900). The high proportion of false-positive results represents a significant cost to any blood pressure screening program, both in economic terms and in its potential for creating anxiety among families with children having only transiently elevated blood pressure. Because the costs are high and the yield from mass screening of children low, case finding of childhood hypertension should remain the responsibility of the physician who sees children in the clinical setting.

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Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Childhood Hypertension

Pediatric Hypertension ◽

10.1007/978-1-62703-490-6_30 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 465-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marc B. Lande ◽

Juan C. Kupferman ◽

Heather R. Adams

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Aspects ◽

Childhood Hypertension

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Childhood Hypertension

Hypertension ◽

10.1201/b14127-50 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 697-714

Keyword(s):

Childhood Hypertension

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Childhood hypertension: Practical approaches towards diagnosis and management

Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health ◽

10.4038/sljch.v41i1.4134 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Vindya Gunasekera

Keyword(s):

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Childhood Hypertension

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Childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics ◽

10.4314/njp.v40i2.16 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 184-188

Author(s):

BAN Okoh ◽

EAD Alikor

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Family History ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary School Children ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Childhood Hypertension

Objective: To determine the relationship between childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt.Methods: A stratified multi-staged sampling technique was used torecruit pupils between 6-12 years of age, from thirteen primary schoolslocated in three school districts. Data was collected using a pretestedquestionnaire completed by parents / guardians. The average of three blood pressure measurements, weight and height were taken for each pupil, using standardized techniques. Hypertension was defined as average systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equalto the 95th percentile for age, gender and height using the standard bloodpressure charts. Family history of hypertension was defined as eitherparent indicating on the submitted questionnaire that they were hypertensive (diagnosed by a physician and/or on antihypertensive drugs)or had a family history of hypertension.Results: A total of 1302 pupils with 717 (55.1%) females and 585(44.9%) males were studied, giving a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. Themean age of pupils studied was 8.82±1.91 years. Sixty one (4.7%)of the pupils examined had hypertension. Of the 1302 pupils, 316(24.3%) had a family history of hypertension. The mean systolic(p<0.001) and diastolic (p=0.220) blood pressures were higher in childrenwith a family history of hypertension than in those without. Ofthe pupils that had a family history of hypertension, 7.9% had hypertension, while 3.7% of those that did not have a family history, werefound to be hypertensive (p=0.001).Conclusion: A family history of hypertension was associated with a higher prevalence of childhood hypertension than was seen in children without a family history of hypertension.Key words: Childhood Hypertension, Family history.

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Association of the CLC-Kb T481S polymorphism with childhood hypertension

Health ◽

10.4236/health.2010.27103 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 02 (07) ◽

pp. 682-684

Author(s):

Rainer Büscher

Keyword(s):

Childhood Hypertension

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The Role of Sodium in Childhood Hypertension

Persistent Renal-Genitourinary Disorders ◽

10.1007/978-1-4613-2339-6_11 ◽

1987 ◽

pp. 127-136

Author(s):

Alan B. Gruskin ◽

Gary Lerner ◽

Larry E. Fleischmann

Keyword(s):

Childhood Hypertension

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Efficacy and Safety of Captopril in the Treatment of Severe Childhood Hypertension: Report of the International Collaborative Study Group

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.75.6.1091 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1091-1100

Author(s):

Bernard L. Mirkin ◽

Thomas J. Newman

Keyword(s):

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Antihypertensive Agents ◽

International Study ◽

Refractory Hypertension ◽

Vascular Abnormalities ◽

Collaborative Study Group ◽

Blood Pressures ◽

Childhood Hypertension

The safety and efficacy of captopril therapy in children with severe and refractory hypertension has been evaluated in a collaborative international study which enrolled a group of 73 patients, 15 years of age or younger. Most patients had hypertension associated with renal disease or vascular abnormalities. Captopril was administered for periods of less than 3 months to more than 1 year. A significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures was produced by the administration of captopril, usually in conjunction with other antihypertensive agents (most commonly diuretics and/ or β-blockers). Systolic blood pressures were normalized in 62% and 53% and diastolic blood pressures in 56% and 45% of reported patients after the second and sixth months of captopril therapy, respectively. The response to captopril was sustained over a 12-month period. Adverse reactions were reported in 49% of the 73 patients; 48% of patients had experienced adverse reactions to other antihypertensive agents prior to entering the study. The reactions most frequently observed during captopril therapy were hypotension, vomiting, postural symptoms, anemia, rash, and anorexia. Leukopenia was reported in six patients, all of whom had renal impairment. Two of these patients had received concomitant therapy with immunosuppressants, and one had systemic lupus erythematosus. Captopril was discontinued in two of these six children. Statistically significant increases in mean serum urea nitrogen and potassium concentrations and decreases in mean serum CO2 levels were observed during the course of therapy. These effects could not be exclusively attributed to captopril administration as the study population received multidrug therapy and had significant intrinsic disease. Captopril was demonstrated to be an effective and safe drug for the treatment of children with severe hypertension.

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